Chapter 2 Nitrogen Has Higher Electronegativity Than Hydrogen

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about the

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of the

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about hydrogen bonds? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

38. Nitrogen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen. As a result you would expect that

ammonia (NH3) molecules can form ____ with each other.

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about

electronegativity.

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about electronegativity? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

39. When water ionizes, it produces equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions that can

reassociate with each other. The pH of water is:

40. A scientist conducts a procedure that causes nitrogen atoms to gain neutrons. The

resulting atoms will be:

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

41. The half-life of Carbon-14 is approximately 5,700 years. Using this information scientists

have been able to determine the age of some artifacts left by humans. A scientist wants to

know approximately how old a piece of wood was that she found on the floor in an old cave

that had recently been discovered. She removed the wood (with permission) to her laboratory.

Her wood sample contained 2 grams of Carbon-14. If the age of the wood was determined to

be 22,800 years old, how much Carbon-14 originally existed in this piece of wood?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about radioactive.

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to analyze data on radioactive

decay.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about half life? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

42. Plants transport water to their leaves through the xylem when water evaporates from the

leaves. The evaporating water pulls other water molecules up the xylem through ____ .

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about attractive

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge about the

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

• What do you know about the properties of water? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

43. Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4C. At 0C, ice forms and the ice can float on

liquid water. Suppose ice were more dense than water at 0C. What would happen in a lake at

this temperature?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about the properties

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of the

relative densities of liquid water and ice to what happens in a lake in the winter.

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about ice? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

•

What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

what would happen if ice was denser than liquid water.

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

44. Your dog becomes ill and you rush him to the veterinarian’s office. A technician draws

blood from your dog’s leg for a vet-ordered lab test. After a few minutes the lab results are

given to the vet, who immediately grabs a bottle from a shelf and begins to fill a syringe with

an unknown fluid. You inquire about the fluid, and the vet informs you that the fluid is

necessary to manage your dog’s metabolic acidosis. Based on the information provided, what

is acidosis, and what is the likely effect of the veterinarian’s injection?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about the treatment

of acidosis.

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of acids

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about acids and buffers? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

45. As you and a friend are entering a chemistry laboratory at your university, you see a sign

that states: DANGER—RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN USE. Your friend is an accounting

major and has not had any science courses yet. She asks you what a radioactive isotope is and

you respond correctly with:

46. To increase the rate of a reaction you could:

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

47. The two nitrogen atoms in nitrogen gas (N2) share six electrons forming a _____.

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about the formation

of covalent bonds.

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about covalent bonds? How does it relate to the question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

48. Capillary action is one of the forces that aids water’s upward movement in plants. The

narrower the diameter of the tube, the farther the water column will rise. Capillary action is a

result of water molecules:

49. Which atomic particle has no charge and is located in the nucleus?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

50. The sub-atomic particle with a positive charge is _____.

51. The smallest sub-atomic particle is the ______.

52. An atom that is negatively charged because it has accepted an electron is a(n):

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

53. One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules. The atomic number of Li is 3

and the atomic mass is approximately 7. If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does

it weigh?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

Clarify Question

• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about calculating

the mass of 3 moles of Li.

• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply the atomic mass of a

• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?

Gather Content

• What do you know about converting from moles to mass? How does it relate to the

question?

Consider Possibilities

• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?

Choose Answer

• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most

likely to produce the correct answer?

Reflect on Process

• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the

process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a

more desirable result?

Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

54. One mole of a substance contains 6.02 x 1023 molecules. The atomic number of Li is 3

and the atomic mass is approximately 7. If you have three moles of Li, how many grams does

it weigh?