1. Which of the following statements describes the tax research process?
a. It is strictly linear.
b. It requires mechanical skills combined with critical thinking.
c. It requires the ability to use complex mathematical techniques to identify and locate tax authorities.
d. All of the above.
2. All of the following are goals of tax research EXCEPT?
a. to balance the need for efficiency against the need for thoroughness
b. to balance the client’s tax goals with the client’s nontax, personal considerations
c. to find a defensible solution to a client’s problem
d. to find a perfect solution to a client’s problem, no matter how long it takes
3. Collateral estoppel is a legal concept which:
a. allows relitigation on the same facts or same issues
b. bars relitigation on the same facts or same issues
c. requires that the court resolve factual issues in a taxpayer’s favor
d. none of the above
4. The first step in the tax research process is to:
a. establish the facts
b. identify the issues
c. locate authority
d. evaluate authority
5. Once the initial facts have been gathered and the issues defined, the tax researcher must:
a. develop conclusions and recommendations
b. evaluate the authority
c. contact the IRS
d. locate the authority
6. In a closed-fact problem, the main goal of tax research is to:
a. determine several alternative courses of future action for the taxpayer
b. find support for an action the taxpayer has already taken
c. both a and b
d. none of the above
7. The final step of the tax research process is to:
a. develop conclusions and recommendations
b. communicate recommendations
c. document conclusions and recommendations
d. litigate the tax-related dispute
8. Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding online tax research?
a. The method of constructing queries is the same for all databases.
b. Most online tax services allow the use of connectors and wild cards.
c. If a query generates too little information, the researcher should add more unique keywords.
d. All of the above are correct.
9. Tax research issues can be divided in two main categories. These are:
a. fact and law issues
b. primary and secondary issues
c. major and minor issues
d. internal and external issues
e. tax and nontax issues
10. Which of the following are basic connectors you can use to construct a search query?
a. google
b. not
c. or
d. *
e. only b and c
11. Which of the following represents a law issue?
a. intent of the transaction
b. definition of a term used in the code
c. date of transaction
d. location of the transaction
e. all of the above
12. The amount of a transaction represents a:
a. law issue
b. social issue
c. fact issue
d. political issue
13. Which of the following is an example of secondary authority?
a. tax treaties
b. tax journals
c. U.S. Constitution
d. tax laws by Congress
14. A statutory source of Federal tax law is:
a. various rulings of the Treasury Department and the IRS
b. collected rulings of the various courts on Federal tax matters
c. textbooks
d. tax treaties
15. Which of the following is an administrative source of primary authority?
a. U.S. Constitution
b. collected rulings of the various courts on Federal tax matters
c. revenue rulings
d. newsletters
16. A reference source that enables the researcher to follow the judicial history of court cases is known as:
a. a case reporter
b. a judicial directory
c. the Cumulative Bulletin
d. a citator
17. CCH’s annotated, or code-based commercial tax service is:
a. the United States Tax Reporter
b. the Tax Coordinator 2d
c. the Standard Federal Income Tax Reporter
d. the Federal Tax Library
18. The Tax Management Portfolios are published by:
a. CCH
b. RIA
c. Bureau of National Affairs (BNA)
d. LexisNexis
19. Once the research question has been stated, the researcher must next:
a. gather the facts
b. identify the keywords
c. select a database and execute the search
d. interpret and refine the search
20. Secondary sources are useful when:
a. conflicting primary authority exists
b. the issue is a closed–fact problem
c. a researcher does not have access to primary sources
d. when a researcher disagrees with the client
21. The IRS website can be used to perform which of the following tasks:
a. obtain downloadable forms
b. keyword search IRS tax publications
c. file your tax return
d. all of the above
22. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the CPA exam:
a. The National Association of State Boards of Accountancy administers the test.
b. Each state has its own test.
c. CPA exam candidates must pass all four sections of the exam.
d. The Regulation section requires tax research.
23. Which of the following forms the basis for all tax provisions?
a. secondary authority
b. the administrative authority of the IRS
c. judicial interpretation of the law
d. the statutory authority of Congress
24. The distinction between primary and secondary authority is important for which of the following reasons?
a. to meet the accuracy threshold of “substantial authority.”
b. to avoid penalties under Section 6662 of the Code.
c. to search properly with connectors and wildcards.
d. only a and b
25. Tax journals perform which of the following functions:
a. offer researchers expert analysis of unclear tax issues
b. keep researchers aware of current developments
c. suggest tax planning techniques
d. all of the above
26. Skilled tax research requires a combination of reasoning and creativity.
a. True
b. False
27. A tax researcher can rely on tax journals as substantial authority under Section 6662 of the Code.
a. True
b. False
28. The tax research process should be approached in a structured, step–by–step manner.
a. True
b. False
29. After the researcher has located authority that deals with the client’s problem, he or she must develop conclusions
and recommendations.
a. True
b. False
30. A tax researcher should ignore the personal preferences of a client and concentrate only on minimizing the client’s
tax liability.
a. True
b. False
31. If a computer search generates too much information, the research may use fewer libraries or more unique
keywords.
a. True
b. False
32. “Wildcards” such as an asterisk can be used to search for word variations in most tax services.
a. True
b. False
33. Topical tax services are arranged by subject as defined by the publisher’s editorial staff.
a. True
b. False
34. Westlaw is an example of an online, free tax-related internet site.
a. True
b. False
35. The power of Congress to implement and collect taxes is summarized in the Internal Revenue Code, the official title
of U.S. tax law.
a. True
b. False
36. Tax researchers should not consider the client’s potential liability in determining how much time to spend on a
client’s problem.
a. True
b. False
37. The Tax Adviser journal is published by the AICPA.
a. True
b. False
38. Thomson Reuters Checkpoint is a web-based tax research service that contains research material on Federal, state,
local, and international taxation.
a. True
b. False
39. The Parker Tax Pro Library (PTPL) is designed as a low-cost tax service for practitioners providing tax advisory
and compliance services.
a. True
b. False
40. The search “stock or securities” would find documents that contain both the term “stock” and the term “securities.”
a. True
b. False
41. The IRS website is a full-service, tax research resource.
a. True
b. False
42. One of the issues a tax researcher should be concerned about is how definitive a research result must be.
a. True
b. False
43. The CPA exam is prepared by the AICPA.
a. True
b. False
44. All primary source material has the same precedential value.
a. True
b. False
45. The U.S. Constitution is a statutory source of tax law.
a. True
b. False
46. List in sequential order the major steps involved in the tax research process.
47. Explain the difference in primary and secondary sources of tax information and give several examples of each.
48. List the significant tax facts that often influence the client’s situation:
49. Tax research has been described as an “iterative process.” Explain what this means to the researcher give an
example of how this process might work with a hypothetical client.