Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Chapter 02
The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Matter is composed of:
2. All atoms possess the ability to do work. The term that is defined as the ability to do work
is:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
3. The number of protons in a given atom is equal to its:
4. Isotopes that are unstable and decay when their nucleus breaks up into elements with lower
atomic numbers, emitting significant amounts of energy in the process, are called:
5. Atoms containing a specific number of protons are called:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
6. Sugars dissolve well in water because of water’s ______.
7. The negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution is referred to as:
8. Bicarbonate ions in the blood can absorb hydrogen ions, keeping pH balanced. Bicarbonate
is acting as a ____ in blood.
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
9. Atomic nuclei contain protons and _______.
10. Carbon-12, Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are examples of:
11. Organisms are composed of molecules, which are collections of smaller units, termed:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
12. Negatively charged subatomic particles that have almost no mass are called:
13. Atoms of a single element that possess different numbers of neutrons are called:
14. Cl + e– → Cl– is an example of a:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
15. When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become negatively or positively charged. These
negatively or positively charged atoms are known as
16. When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bonding is referred to as:
17. Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges.
These opposite charges allow water molecules to attract each other through:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
18. An atom has 20 electrons and 20 neutrons. What is the mass of this atom?
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about calculating
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply the definition of atomic
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about atomic mass? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
19. Sue was monitoring the oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico from an oil tanker. From her
observations, she noted that the oil was moving as large patches in the water. It did not appear
as though the oil was dissolving into the water. Why did the oil not dissolve into the water?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks why oil and water
don’t mix.
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of the
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
o Dissolve – this means one compound mixes completely with a solvent like water.
Gather Content
• What do you know about water as a solvent? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
20. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of:
21. Oxygen has an atomic mass of 16 and an atomic number of 8. How many neutrons are
present?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks you to calculate the
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply your knowledge of how
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about the number of neutrons in an atom? How does it relate to the
question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
22. The pH of your small intestines is around 7.5 and the pH of your large intestine can be
5.5. As substances travel from the small intestines to the large intestine, what would happen to
the H+ ion concentration?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about relating pH to
• What type of thinking is required? You are being asked to apply the definition of pH to a
specific example.
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about the link between H+ concentration and pH? How does it relate
to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
23. Oxygen-16 is abundant and has 8 protons and 8 neutrons. Oxygen-18 has two extra
neutrons. These two forms are:
24. Which element’s isotope is commonly used to determine when biological samples such as
fossils, were formed?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
25. Atoms in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons are known
as:
26. The area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found is the:
27. Regardless of its shape, a given orbital may contain no more than:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
28. All atoms tend to fill their outer energy levels with the maximum number of electrons,
usually eight. Depending on whether atoms satisfy the octet rule will predict:
29. Mendeleev found that when he arranged the known elements according to their atomic
mass, the entries in the table exhibited a pattern of chemical properties that repeated itself in
groups of eight elements. This led to the generalization now known as:
30. Sodium has 11 electrons arranged in three energy levels. In order to become stable,
sodium forms an ion with:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question? The question asks about predicting if
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you know about the structure of atoms? How does it relate to the question?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
31. In the crystal matrix of ordinary salt, the sodium and chlorine are held together by:
32.
Two oxygen atoms joined to each other by the sharing of two pairs of electrons form a(n):
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
33. In a chemical analysis of an animal tissue sample, which element would be in the
least quantity?
34. Life is thought to have evolved from complex molecules formed by the interaction of
smaller molecules in oceans and the atmosphere. The substance which brought these
molecules together to interact is
35. Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the water molecule is:
Chapter 02 – The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water
36. Water molecules are attracted to each other due to the opposite charges created by partial
charge separations within the molecules. These attractions are called:
37. How many hydrogen bonds can a water molecule form?