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True / False
1. NCVS data tells us that teenage victimization is interracial.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Most juvenile sex offenders are teenagers, but about 26% of those who come to the attention of law enforcement are
younger than 12 years of age.
a.
True
b.
False
3. The UCR uses three methods to express crime data.
a.
True
b.
False
4. When considering the validity of self-report studies, researchers do not consider the phenomenon of missing cases to be
of concern.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Compatible information and data extracted and pooled together from data gathered from a number of previous studies is
referred to as data mining.
a.
True
b.
False
6. The most common crimes committed by male offenders are also the most common crimes committed by female
offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
7. According to official statistics, minority youths are arrested for serious criminal behavior at a rate that is proportionate
to their representation in the population.
a.
True
b.
False
8. The concept of the chronic offender is most closely associated with the research efforts of Mark Lipsey and associates.
a.
True
b.
False
9. After adolescence, age is inversely related to criminality; as youthful offenders mature, their offending rates decline.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Children who engage in disruptive behaviors when they are 5 or 6 years old are most likely to exhibit disruptive
behaviors throughout adolescence.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Disaggregated refers to analyzing the relationship between two or more independent variables while controlling for
the influence of a dependent variable.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Meta-analysis refers to an analysis of collected findings from previously conducted scientific studies that address a
particular problem, synthesizing the evidence, and using the collective evidence to address a particular scientific question.
a.
True
b.
False
13. While boys are far more likely to be victims of robbery, girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual assault.
a.
True
b.
False
14. As a means to deal with fear of peer rejection or loneliness, research indicates some kids turn to crime.
a.
True
b.
False
15. A poor economy may actually aid in lowering delinquency rates because the opportunities available to youth to
engage in criminal behavior are limited.
a.
True
b.
False
16. Reporting practices of local law enforcement agencies are not of concern when considering the validity of the UCR.
a.
True
b.
False
17. NCVS data indicate that the number of people who break the law is, indeed, greater than the number projected by
official statistics.
a.
True
b.
False
18. While important, determining the true association between SES and delinquency is not necessarily critical to the study
of delinquency.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Of the crimes committed by delinquents, 71% of the homicides, 82% of the robberies, and 64% of the aggravated
assaults are committed by the chronic 6%.
a.
True
b.
False
20. The age at which youths begin their delinquent careers is called the age of onset.
a.
True
b.
False
21. To complete the presentation, Wally must find a data source that includes a brief account of each incident as well as
victim and offender information. What report would be best for Wally to use?
a.
National Crime Victims Survey (NCVS)
b.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
c.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
d.
Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
22. An advertised position included the duty of compiling data received from local law enforcement agencies into the
Uniform Crime Report. What agency posted the advertised position?
a.
Federal Bureau of Investigation
b.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
c.
Bureau of Justice Statistics
d.
White House Commission on Crime and Delinquency
23. You are interested in learning about substance abuse trends among American teens; what data source would best fit
your interest?
a.
National Crime Victims Survey (NCVS)
b.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
c.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
d.
Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
24. John's class was given the following equation: Number of Reported Crimes / Total U.S. Population x 100,000. What
does this equation compute?
a.
Arson rate per 100,000
b.
Juvenile crime rate per 100,000
c.
Motor vehicle rate per 100,000
d.
Crime rate per 100,000
25. If the murder rate was 5 in 2011, this means that 4.7 people in how many were murdered during the calendar year
2011?
a.
1,000
b.
10,000
c.
100,000
d.
1 million
26. If the were task to locate a data source that included a nationally representative sample and respondents were
to include individuals ages 12 through 18, which of the following would best meet this requirement?
a.
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
b.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
c.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
d.
Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
27. The task was to identify potential problems associated with a data source. One area of concern the group
identified was the inclusion of misinterpreted events—for example, someone who lost his or her keys and
reported the keys as stolen. What type of error would this be known as?
a.
Underreporting error
b.
Sampling error
c.
Overreporting error
d.
Inadequate response format error
28. Which of the following would best describe an error where the respondents were not a nationally
representative sample?
a.
Underreporting error
b.
Question formatting error
c.
Sampling error
d.
Overreporting error
29. It was determined that any criminal activities perpetrated by the respondents would, for obvious reasons, not
be included. It was also believed that forgetfulness, embarrassment, and/or fear might be problematic. What
type of error would this constitute?
a.
Underreporting error
b.
Question formatting error
c.
Sampling error
d.
Overreporting error
30. Your friend wants to investigate the nature and extent of delinquency. Name the three best data sources for your
friend to use in his or her investigation.
a.
Official records, victim surveys, self-report surveys
b.
Victim surveys, self-report surveys, official county records
c.
Official records, secondary data sources, victim surveys
d.
Official records, self-report surveys, state juvenile justice records
31. Scholars in delinquency have identified a variety of factors that influence juvenile crime rates and trends; it was noted
that a harbinger of future increases in the delinquency rate may be a sudden increase in which of the following areas?
a.
Drug use
b.
Curfew violations
c.
Online bullying
d.
School dropout rates
32. In looking at the different sources of data, you find that one source indicates Part I offenses and Part II offenses.
Which of the following releases their reports with these types of offenses?
a.
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
b.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
c.
Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
d.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
33. While investigating Part I crimes you find that a little over 20% of all reported Part I crimes are cleared by one of the
following methods. What is that method?
a.
Exceptional clearance
b.
Dropped charges
c.
Elimination of false reports
d.
Arrests
34. In the text, it is reported that the latest data available show an estimated 12.4 million arrests were made in
2011. Your assignment is to research trends in juvenile arrests and how juvenile arrests are reflected (i.e.,
higher, lower) in the overall crime rate. Of the 12.4 million arrests made in 2011, what percentage of this total
did you find to be juvenile arrests?
a.
10%
b.
11%
c.
12%
d.
13%
35. In the text, it is reported that the latest data available show an estimated 12.4 million arrests were made in
2011. Your assignment is to research trends in juvenile arrests and how juvenile arrests are reflected (i.e.,
higher, lower) in the overall crime rate. While increases and decreases in juvenile crime have been reported, you
find that recent trends in juvenile crime
a.
Exceed the general crime rate
b.
Are lower than the general crime rate
c.
Reflect the general crime rate
d.
This information was not provided
36. One area researchers have identified as correlated with delinquency is that of social problems; rates of delinquency
increase as the level of social problems increases. Delinquency rates, according to researchers, have been correlated with
which of the following?
a.
Unwed mothers
b.
Single fathers
c.
Unemployed mothers
d.
Parents who are divorcing
37. It has been indicated that reporting practices in regard to self-report surveys may differ among racial, ethnic, and
gender groups and that such differences can skew data, thereby providing misleading results. In one study, which of the
following reported results would align to gender/cultural reporting differences?
a.
Boys were more willing to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport substance abuse
b.
Girls were more willing to report drug use; African American boys tended to underreport substance abuse
c.
Girls were more willing to report drug use; Hispanic girls tended to underreport substance abuse
d.
Boys were more willing to report drug use; White girls tended to underreport substance abuse
38. If you wanted to examine the changes in the number of juveniles arrested each year, the best source of this data would
be found in which of the following?
a.
Uniform Crime Report (UCR)
b.
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
c.
Monitoring the Future survey (MTF)
d.
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
39. The Monitoring the Future survey (MTF) is considered one of the most important ongoing self-report studies. MTF
surveys, with few exceptions, indicated self-reported teenage participation to be more stable than the trends reported in the
UCR arrest data in what areas?
a.
Theft, violence, and damage-related crimes
b.
Violence, substance abuse, and damage-related crimes
c.
Theft, violence, and substance abuse
d.
Substance abuse, damage-related crimes, and violence
40. Which of the following represents areas of the United States where victimization by juveniles occurs more often than
in other parts of the United States?
a.
Midwest and Northeast
b.
Eastern and Southern
c.
Southern and Western
d.
Midwest and Western
41. Whose research is most closely aligned to concept of the chronic career offender?
a.
The work of Sellin Thurston
b.
The work of Marvin Wolfgang
c.
The work of Mark Lipsey
d.
The work of Steven Levitt
42. The report, written after another incident in school, stated that Jill had poor problem-solving and anger management
skills, would not accept blame for her wrongdoings, and lacked impulse control. What recommendation was proposed for
Jill?
a.
Jill be placed in preventive detention
b.
Jill be locked in a juvenile detention facility
c.
Jill should receive cognitive behavioral therapy
d.
No action be taken at this time
43. You are interested in studying youth who began engaging in disruptive behaviors at 5 and 6 years of age and
continued to exhibit problematic behaviors throughout adolescence and into adulthood. What, specifically, would you be
investigating?
a.
Age of onset phenomenon
b.
Continuity of crime
c.
Hard-core adolescent behaviors
d.
Predictive analysis
44. Your friend wants to examine the life cycle of crime and delinquency, as research in this area can have a major
influence in decision making at a higher level. By examining this area, what does your friend hope to influence?
a.
Policy at the state level
b.
Theory regarding policy
c.
Both theory and policy
d.
Policy directed at juvenile ordinances
45. Which of the following would not be considered an individual risk factor?
a.
Jack has ready access to weapons
b.
Jill's antisocial behavior began at an early age
c.
It was reported Jack has poor cognitive development
d.
Jill is considered to have low behavioral inhibition
46. Which of the following best aligns to the 1970s “discovery” regarding chronic youthful offenders?
a.
A small number of youthful offenders commit a significant percentage of all serious crime
b.
A small number of youthful offenders commit a small percentage of all serious crime
c.
A large number of youthful offenders commit a significant percentage of all serious crime
d.
A large number of youthful offenders commit a small percentage of all serious crime
47. As part of a school project, Jack compared the rate of victimization between teens and people over the age of 65. Jack
was surprised when he learned that
a.
as a teenager, Jack was 21 times more likely to be victimized than his grandparents.
b.
as a teenager, Jack was 15 times more likely to be victimized than his grandparents.
c.
as a teenager, Jack and his grandparents each have an equal chance of being victimized.
d.
Jake's grandparents were 15 times more likely to be victimized than Jake.
48. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between weather and delinquent behavior?
a.
Spring and summer provide the greatest opportunity for juveniles to commit.
b.
More juvenile crime is committed during the fall months.
c.
Juveniles commit more violent crime when the weather is warmer.
d.
The frequency of violent acts such as sexual assault decline as the weather becomes colder.
49. The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children Law, passed in 1996, requires states to pass some version of what law
or risk the loss of federal aid?
a.
Kayla's Law
b.
Jessica's Law
c.
Megan's Law
d.
Jonathan's Law
50. Which of the following refers to an increased amount of social control imposed against the Black population because
of the perceived threat by the White population based on an increase in the size of the Black population?
a.
Institutional racism
b.
Racial profiling
c.
Racial threat theory
d.
Racial fear theory
51. Most juvenile sex offenders are teenagers; about 16% of those who come to the attention of the police are younger
than what age?
52. In looking at the UCR, what two areas can crime reporting practices significantly influence?
53. What data source indicates that the number of people who break the law is far greater than the number projected by
official statistics?
54. What is the research technique that employs graphic representations of crime data patterns?
55. What research technique employs graphic representations of crime data patterns?
56. In their controversial work, researchers John J. Donohue III and Steven Levitt found what empirical evidence to which
the recent drop in the delinquency rate can be attributed?
57. What two factors stand out as encouraging recidivism?
58. Of interest to delinquency scholars in juvenile justice victimization, what did the federal government sponsor to
determine how many youth are victims each year and which adolescents are most likely to become victims of crime?
59. A group of high school students were part of a sample who were asked to reveal their own participation in delinquent
or criminal acts. What were the students asked to complete?
60. What are gang members far more likely to posses than are non–gang members?
61. As the size of the Black population increases, the perceived threat to the White population increases, resulting in a
greater amount of social control imposed against African Americans by police. What is this theory called?
62. A crucial aspect of delinquency research is the measurement of what two areas associated with youth misbehavior?
63. What two areas do some experts associate with the violent delinquency rate between 1980 and 1990?
64. What does the MTF survey show regarding the offending differences between African American and White youths?
65. Regardless of race, social class, intelligence, or any other social variable, people commit fewer crimes as they age; this
is referred to as the aging out process. Name the two other terms used to describe this phenomenon.
