1. Humans seem to be the only animals with a propensity towards using mind-altering substances.
a. True
b. False
2. Why might a person use chemicals?
a. To cope with pain
b. To express a forbidden impulse
c. To experience a feeling of euphoria
d. All of these answers
3. Drugs that have the highest pharmacological reward potential for abuse tend to have a
a. rapid onset of action.
b. slow onset of action.
c. strong social learning component.
d. low probability of being addictive.
4. Samantha learned that someone had given her LSD without her knowledge. Before the effects of the drug set in,
Samantha was scared of how she was going to experience the drug because she had a terrifying experience in the
past.Samantha’s__________willhaveanimpactonherphysicalexperienceofthedrug.
a. social learning
b. reward potential
c. blindnesstothedrug’seffects
d. expectations
5. The universally accepted definition of addiction is outlined in the DSM-5.
a. True
b. False
6. Tolerance is defined as
a. needing to use more of a drug to achieve the desired effect.
b. continued drug abuse by an individual despite significantly negative consequences.
c. the negative physical effects the user experiences when the drug is no longer in their system.
d. when an individual uses a compound that is not medically necessary.
7. Current research has been able to identify the causes and treatment of substance abuse disorders.​
a. True
b. False
8. According to your text, the social use of a chemical
a. isclearlyinconsistentwiththeexpectationsoftheperson’sculturalgroup.
b. hasaninverserelationshipwiththeperson’sstateofhealth.
c. usually involves a period of intense substance abuse that is not acceptable to the leaders of the social group.
d. involves rare experimental use or its occasional use in social settings.
9. According to your text, which of the following rationales is NOT associated with substance use or abuse?
a. Theperson’sloverelationshipsatthemoment
b. To provide an excuse for the expression of forbidden impulses
c. To allow the person to explore hidden realities (or at least what they interpret as hidden realities)
d. To help the user cope with physical and emotional pain
10. Modern society is so infused with alcohol and drug use that we do not:
a. encourage access to sources for those compounds.
b. need much help in finding a source for these compounds.
c. expect minimal legal sanctions against those who sell and distribute drugs.
d. punish persons for their involuntary addiction-based behaviors.
11. The basic laws of behavioral psychology hold that the main motivating force for humans is the
a. increase in comfort or decrease in discomfort.
b. pleasure principle.
c. disapproval of fringe social groups.
d. intrusivenatureofsensoryexperiencesdeemedunacceptabletothatperson’ssocialgroup.
12. Socioculturalinfluencesonanindividual’ssubstanceusebehaviors
a. arehardlyrelevanttotheindividual’schoiceofdrugsofabuse.
b. push individuals towards alcohol but not drug abuse.
c. helptoshapetheindividual’sdecisiontoengageinsubstanceuse.
d. arenegativeinfluencesontheindividual’slifegoals.
13. Which of the following statements is supported by research cited in your text?
a. The term substance abuse has been clearly defined.
b. There is little agreement about how to define use, abuse, and addiction.
c. The limits of normal use have been defined, but abuse and addiction are still ill-defined.
d. The limits of both use and abuse have been clearly defined, but the term addiction is still poorly defined.
14. The person who has a substance abuse disorder will always have that disorder. Which of the following reactions is
most appropriate, according to your text?
a. Not true! Once the person stops using the substance the condition is no longer diagnosable.
b. True, but only if the person stops abusing the chemical before the age of 25, when s/he becomes an adult with
full neurological capacity.
c. This issue has not been resolved yet.
d. Possibly, although this is only true for alcoholism and not illicit drugs.
15. Which of the following is one of the diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of a substance use disorder, according to
your text?
a. Increased use over time
b. No avoidance of activities not centered on substance use
c. Enhancement of normal functioning
d. Adherence to religious dictates against substance use
16. The withdrawal syndrome seen when a compound ________ characteristic of physical dependence on that
compound.
a. is discontinued is a
b. is discontinued is not a
c. is not used in excess is a
d. is used with decreasing frequency is not a
17. Tolerance to a compound is seen when
a. the individual cannot predict in advance how much of that compound will be used.
b. the compound induces a state of well-being when used.
c. the individual is motivated to avoid compounds similar to that usually abused.
d. the individual must use more of a compound to achieve the effects once achieved at a lower dose.
18. Discuss some of the similarities between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and
the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10).
19. Discuss some of the influences that may affect the decision to initiate and continue substance abuse.
20. Discuss the unanswered questions facing researchers in the field of addictions.
21. Describethetermbehavioral”addictions.”Howmightthesedifferfromsubstanceabuseordependence?​
22. ​Describetheideaofa”drugabusecycle”withphasesanalogoustothoseseeninepidemicsofinfectiousdiseases.
23. ​Muchofwhatwe”know”aboutSUDsisbasedupon
a. ​​limitedanecdotaldata.
b. ​clinicalmyth.
c. ​assumptions.
d. all of these.
24. ​Thesetofsymptomsexperiencedwhenauserstopsorcurtailstheintakeofasubstanceiscalled
a. ​psychologicaldependence.
b. ​withdrawalsyndrome.
c. ​lossofcontrol.
d. ​addiction.
25. Theabuseofasubstance​overaspecifiedperiodoftimeisknownas
a. ​shorttermabuse.
b. ​activationphase.
c. ​periodprevalence.
d. ​lifetimeprevalence.
26. Which of the following is the phase used to describe a period where the abuse of a certain compound is infrequent
within a society, although more prevalent in certain small segments of society?
a. Decline
b. ​Expansion
c. ​Plateau
d. ​Incubation
27. ​Paulconsidershimselfatypicaldrinker.Hemayoccasionallyexceedthelegallimits,buthedoesn’tdisplay
symptoms of alcoholism. He could be considered a(n)
a. ​”atrisk”drinker.
b. ​teetotaler.
c. ​”normal”drinker.
d. ​lowlevelalcoholic.
28. ​Analcoholuser’spositiononthecontinuumofchemicaluse
a. ​mayriseorfalldependingontheircurrentsituation.
b. ​islegallyresetwhentheyareadmittedtorehabilitation.
c. ​beginswiththeonsetoftheuser’sfirstlegalproblem.
d. ​can,bydesign,onlymoveupwards,withperiodsofreduceddrinkingmerelyhaltingthemovementonthe
scale.
29. ​Tammysaysdrinkingalcoholmakesher”feel”better,eventhoughmanyofherclosefriendsseeageneral
deterioration in her ability to take care of various aspects of her life. Her decision to begin and continue to use
alcohol is possibly being influenced by
a. ​sociallearning.
b. ​blindnesstothechemical’seffects.
c. ​cultural/socialinfluences.
d. ​alcohol’srewardpotential.
30. ​Approximately________ofalladultswilldemonstrateatleastonesignofanalcoholusedisorder(AUD).
a. ​510percent
b. ​50percent
c. ​3040percent
d. ​25percent