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Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
1)
A)
Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
B)
RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
C)
tDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA during protein synthesis.
D)
DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.
2)
An atom with a valence of 3 may have a total of ________ electrons.
2)
A)
13
B)
3
C)
17
D)
8
3)
Which of the following is not considered a factor in influencing a reaction rate?
3)
A)
temperature
B)
time
C)
concentration
D)
particle size
4)
Which of the following does not describe uses for the ATP molecule?
4)
A)
pigment structure
B)
transport across membranes
C)
mechanical work
D)
chemical work
5)
________ is fat soluble, produced in the skin on exposure to UV radiation, and necessary for normal
bone growth and function.
5)
A)
Vitamin A
B)
Vitamin D
C)
Vitamin K
D)
Cortisol
6)
Stress proteins are a type of protein called ________.
6)
A)
coenzymes
B)
eicosanoids
C)
cofactors
D)
chaperones
7)
Which of the following is a neutralization reaction?
7)
A)
NaOH
Na++ OH-
B)
HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O
C)
HCl
H++ Cl-
D)
NH3+ H+
NH4+2
8)
What is the ratio of fatty acids to glycerol in neutral fats?
8)
A)
3:1
B)
4:1
C)
2:1
D)
1:1
9)
What is a chain of more than 50 amino acids called?
9)
A)
polypeptide
B)
protein
C)
nucleic acid
D)
polysaccharide
10)
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ________.
10)
A)
addition of a carbon atom between each two units
B)
removal of a carbon atom between each two units
C)
removal of a water molecule between each two units
D)
addition of a water molecule between each two units
11)
Which protein types are vitally important to cell function in all types of stressful circumstances?
11)
A)
structural proteins
B)
regulatory proteins
C)
catalytic proteins
D)
molecular chaperones
12)
Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.
12)
A)
are cellular catalysts
B)
are very stable and insoluble in water
C)
are usually called enzymes
D)
rarely exhibit secondary structure
13)
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of ________.
13)
A)
cholesterol
B)
glucose
C)
glycogen
D)
triglycerides
14)
Which of the following would be regarded as an organic molecule?
14)
A)
CH4
B)
NaOH
C)
NaCl
D)
H2O
15)
What does the formula C6H12O6 mean?
15)
A)
The molecular weight is 24.
B)
The substance is a colloid.
C)
There are 6 calcium, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
D)
There are, 6 carbon, 12 hydrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.
16)
Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in human
bodies.
16)
A)
H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3
B)
ADP + Pi to make ATP
C)
glucose molecules joined to make glycogen
D)
glucose to CO2 and H2O
17)
Which property of water is demonstrated when we sweat?
17)
A)
high heat of vaporization
B)
polar solvent properties
C)
high heat capacity
D)
reactivity
E)
cushioning
18)
Which of the following is an example of a suspension?
18)
A)
salt water
B)
rubbing alcohol
C)
blood
D)
cytoplasm
19)
The single most abundant protein in the body is ________.
19)
A)
collagen
B)
glucose
C)
DNA
D)
hemoglobin
20)
Select the correct statement about isotopes.
20)
A)
Isotopes occur only in the heavier elements.
B)
All the isotopes of an element are radioactive.
C)
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but differ in their atomic masses.
D)
All the isotopes of an element have the same number of neutrons but differing numbers of
electrons.
21)
Which statement about enzymes is false?
21)
A)
Enzymes require contact with substrate in order to assume their active form.
B)
Enzymes may use coenzymes derived from vitamins or cofactors from metallic elements.
C)
Enzymes may be damaged by high temperature.
D)
Enzymes have the ability to accelerate reactions as much as a billion-fold.
22)
Which of the following statements is false?
22)
A)
When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also
decreases.
B)
The pH of blood is slightly basic.
C)
When acids and bases are mixed, they react with each other to form water and a salt.
D)
The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution.
23)
The basic structural material of the body consists of ________.
23)
A)
Nucleic acids.
B)
Lipids.
C)
Carbohydrates
D)
Proteins.
24)
What is a dipole?
24)
A)
an organic molecule
B)
a type of reaction
C)
a polar molecule
D)
a type of bond
25)
In a DNA molecule, the phosphate serves ________.
25)
A)
to bind the sugars to their bases
B)
to hold the molecular backbone together
C)
as nucleotides
D)
as a code
26)
Which of the following is the major positive ion outside cells?
26)
A)
potassium
B)
magnesium
C)
hydrogen
D)
sodium
27)
Choose the answer that best describes HCO3-.
27)
A)
a weak acid
B)
a bicarbonate ion
C)
common in the liver
D)
a proton donor
28)
In general, the lipids that we refer to as oils have ________.
28)
A)
a high water content
B)
long fatty acid chains
C)
a high degree of unsaturated bonds
D)
a high degree of saturated bonds
29)
If atom X has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
29)
A)
37 electrons
B)
37 protons and 37 neutrons
C)
74 protons
D)
37 protons and 37 electrons
30)
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide is a good example of a(n) ________ reaction.
30)
A)
decomposition
B)
reversible
C)
synthesis
D)
exchange
31)
Salts are always ________.
31)
A)
hydrogen bonded
B)
ionic compounds
C)
double covalent compounds
D)
single covalent compounds
32)
The four elements that make up about 96% of body matter are ________.
32)
A)
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
B)
nitrogen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
C)
sodium, potassium, hydrogen, oxygen
D)
carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, calcium
33)
The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ________.
33)
A)
regular alteration of sugar and phosphate molecules
B)
arrangement of the histones
C)
three-dimensional structure of the double helix
D)
sequence of the nucleotides
34)
A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.
34)
A)
a synthesis
B)
forming a larger molecule
C)
the release of energy
D)
the consumption of energy
35)
Which bonds often bind different parts of a molecule into a specific three-dimensional shape?
35)
A)
Oxygen
B)
Hydrogen
C)
Carbon
D)
Amino acid
36)
Sucrose is a ________.
36)
A)
triglyceride
B)
disaccharide
C)
polysaccharide
D)
monosaccharide
37)
Which of the following elements is necessary for proper conduction of nervous impulses?
37)
A)
Na
B)
I
C)
Fe
D)
P
38)
What does CH4 mean?
38)
A)
This was involved in a redox reaction.
B)
There is one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
C)
There are four carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
D)
This is an inorganic molecule.
39)
The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third energy levels,
respectively. On this basis, which of the following is an unstable or reactive atom?
39)
A)
2, 8
B)
2
C)
2, 8, 1
D)
2, 8, 8
40)
Which of the following is not a role of molecular chaperonins?
40)
A)
promote the breakdown of damaged or denatured proteins
B)
aid the desired folding and association process of polypeptides
C)
act as a platform for assembling primary protein structure
D)
help to translocate proteins and certain metal ions across cell membranes
E)
prevent accidental, premature, or incorrect folding of polypeptide chains
41)
Which of the following statements is false?
41)
A)
Larger particles move faster than smaller ones and thus collide more frequently and more
forcefully.
B)
Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions, sometimes while undergoing reversible
changes in shape.
C)
Chemical reactions progress at a faster rate when the reacting particles are present in higher
numbers.
D)
Chemical reactions proceed more quickly at higher temperatures.
42)
The chemical symbol OO means ________.
42)
A)
the atoms are double bonded
B)
this is an ionic bond with two shared electrons
C)
zero equals zero
D)
both atoms are bonded and have zero electrons in the outer orbit
43)
31) You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the
print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker,
though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?
43)
A)
suspension
B)
colloid
C)
mixture
D)
solution
44)
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
44)
A)
10
B)
5
C)
7
D)
3
45)
What happens in redox reactions?
45)
A)
the organic substance that loses hydrogen is usually reduced
B)
the electron acceptor is oxidized
C)
the reaction is uniformly reversible
D)
both decomposition and electron exchange occur
46)
Which of the following is not true of proteins?
46)
A)
They have both functional and structural roles in the body..
B)
They appear to be the molecular carriers of coded hereditary information.
C)
Their function depends on their three-dimensional shape.
D)
They may be denatured or coagulated by heat or acidity.
47)
What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an
alpha helix?
47)
A)
primary structure
B)
secondary structure
C)
quaternary structure
D)
tertiary structure
48)
Which of the following does NOT describe enzymes?
48)
A)
Some enzymes are purely protein.
B)
Each enzyme is chemically specific.
C)
Some enzymes are protein plus a cofactor.
D)
Enzymes work by raising the energy of activation.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
49)
Name at least four things you know about enzymes.
49)
Explanation:
Figure 2.1
Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
50)
Functional protein
50)
51)
Which metals have a toxic effect on the body?
51)
52)
A chemical bond never occurs between components of a mixture. Discuss this.
52)
53)
Molecules such as methane that are made of atoms that share electrons have ________
bonds.
53)
54)
AB
A + B is an example of a(n) ________ reaction.
54)
Figure 2.1
Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
55)
Tertiary (protein) structure
55)
56)
What type of chemical bond can form between an element with 11 protons and an element
with 17 protons?
56)
57)
What advantages does ATP have in being the energy currency molecule?
57)
58)
What happens when globular proteins are denatured?
58)
59)
All chemical reactions are theoretically reversible. Comment on this statement.
59)
Figure 2.2
Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
60)
Hydrogen bonds
60)
61)
A holoenzyme is composed of an apoenzyme and a(n) ________.
61)
Figure 2.2
Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
62)
Deoxyribose sugar.
62)
63)
Describe the factors that affect chemical reaction rates.
63)
64)
Explain the difference between potential and kinetic energy.
64)
Figure 2.2
Using Figure 2.2, match the following:
65)
Guanine
65)
Figure 2.1
Using Figure 2.1, match the following:
66)
Polymer
66)
67)
How many phosphates would AMP have attached to it?
67)
68)
In a DNA molecule, guanine would connect to ________.
68)
69)
An amino acid may act as a proton acceptor or donor. Explain.
69)
70)
Protons and electrons exist in every atom nucleus except hydrogen. Is this statement true
or false and why?
70)
71)
The atomic number is equal to the number of ________.
71)
