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Chapter 2:
Fill in the blank
1. When Ishtar returned after descending to the land of the dead, she returned with
_________.
2. The origin of the god Zeus was _________.
3. Modern physicians look back on _________, a 4th B.C.E. priest of Asclepius, as a model
of dedication to healing.
4. In what four activities were early Romans primarily engaged?
_________,__________,___________, and __________.
5. _________ and __________ were the two Roman gods of war.
6. During the last century of the Roman Republic Rome itself was a considered a deity as
reflected in the term _________.
7. According to the Commentaries of Julius Caesar, the Celts mostly worshipped a god
Caesar identifies as _________/
8. The Romans attempted to suppress the Celts practice of __________.
9. Teutonic tradition comnes to us chiefly through two Icelandic works, the _________ and
_________.
10. It is believed that Mayan peasants worked on temple building during the times of the year
when they were not________.
Multiple Choice
11. Which of the following is a prominent deity in the Sumero-Akkadian religion?
a. Dionysus
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b. Hesiod
c. Hunab Ku
d. Ishtar
12. The Sumero-Akkadian pantheon numbered nearly
a. 1000
b. 1200
c. 2000
d. 2200
13. The rise of Babylon brought this Sumero-Akkadian to prominenece.
a. Hammurabi
b. Marduk
c. Ninurta
d. Nabu
14. The Sumerians believed that heaven and earth arose from _________.
a. air
b. the stars in the heavens
c. the primordial sea
d. the vast cosmos
15. The Gilgamesh Epic tells of a _________ visited upon the earth by angry gods.
a. earthquake
b. famine
c. flood
d. plague
16. Which of the following was a duty of Zeus?
a. to bring fish from the sea
b. to bring rain
c. to protect the earth
d. to protect the hearth
17. Hera may have originally been _________.
a. a cow goddess
b. a fertitlity goddess
c. the goddess of the lakes
d. the goddess of wild things
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18. As a result of his exploits at Delphi, _________ became the god of revelation.
a. Apollo
b. Aesculapius
c. Dionysus
d. Zeus
19. Where did Homer depict the gods living?
a. at Delphi
b. in the deep of the sea
c. in the underworld
d. on high Olympus
20. How did Hesiod attempt to bring the gods ito some semblance of order?
a. by acknowledging moira
b. by combining the minor gods into one
c. through theogony
d. by using mysterium tremendium
21. Why did Persephone have to make an annual visit to the underworld?
a. she had eaten food while captive in the underworld
b. she had married while captive in the underworld
c. to retain her powers
d. to purify herself in the fires
22. To what did the tragic poets attribute all disasters and doom?
a. human frailty
b. immoral behavior by humans
c. the cosmos
d. the gods
23. Plato believed that the Greek gods were dependent in function on _________.
a. a higher power
b. fear of the rath of Zeus
c. the immorality of humankind
d. truth, beauty, and goodnesss
24. Where were the chief holy places of early Rome located?
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a. in a cluster in the heart of Rome
b. in temples hidden in the countryside
c. outside the territory of Rome
d. throughout Rome
25. Which of the following is NOT a deity to whom early Roman farmers turned when they
desired success in farming?
a. Ceres
b. Consus
c. Minerva
d. Saturnus
26. How many days per year did the Roman state prescribe for ceremonies and sacrifices to
the Roman deities?
a. 44
b. 84
c. 104
d. 124
27. In the Roman conceptual system, Jupiter’s most exalted title was _________.
a. Jupiter Optimus
b. Maximus Pater
c. Optimus Maximus
d. Pater Olympus
28. What was the origin of the Sibylline books consulted by Roman priests?
a. Etruscan
b. Greek
c. Iranian
d. Roman
29. There were three hereditary orders among the Celts of Gaul and of Ireland. What is the
term used to identify the priests?
a. Druides
b. Equites
c. Numena
d. Plebs
30. Which of the following was NOT a primary concern of the Teutonic peoples?
a. death
b. fertility
c. sickness
d. the end of the world
31. The ancient Mayans focused sharply on the sacred significance of __________.
a. fruit
b. light
c. time
d. water
32. According to the Mayan conceptual system, the sky dome had how many compartments?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 11
d. 13
33. How many days were in the Mayan’s seasonal maize-crop year?
a. 120
b. 260
c. 365
d. 380
34. Even in modern times the Maya retain a devout attitude toward which of the following?
a. material structures
b. sources of sustenance
c. the association of colors and nature
d. the calendar
35. Each stage of a Mayan’s life was dominated by what?
a. calendric horoscopes interpreted by priests
b. public ceremonial sacrifices
c. the growing cycle of maize
d. the shape of the sky dome