12. An express warranty applies even if defects are actually known to the buyer, or defects are so apparent that
no special skill or ability is required to detect them.
13. All sellers, by the mere act of selling, make a warranty that they have good title and make rightful transfers.
14. A small piece of molded plastic shown to a car buyer to illustrate the materials and methods used in the
construction of cars creates a sale by sample.
15. Unless otherwise agreed, a merchant warrants that goods shall be delivered free of the rightful claim of any
third person by way of patent or trademark infringement.
16. The sale of food or drink, to be consumed off the seller’s premises, is not a sale.
17. Implied warranty arises as to fitness of used property for ordinary use from a sale made by a casual seller.
18. According to the Magnuson–Moss Warranty and Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act, the
consumer need not be informed of the warranty prior to the sale.
19. The Federal Trade Commission demands that advertisements be limited to statements about products that
can be substantiated.