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Chapter 19—A Healthier Environment
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An____is a community of organisms that share a physical and chemical environment.
a.
environmental economy
b.
ozone layer
c.
ecosystem
d.
ecology
2. The rise in the Earth's average surface temperature is known as:
a.
fossil fuel effect
b.
ozone burning
c.
green effect
d.
global warming
3. Scientists now say with 90 percent certainty that greenhouse gases in our atmosphere are the result of:
a.
natural gases emitted from swamps
b.
insect pollution
c.
electromagnetic radiation
d.
human activities
4. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
a.
wood
b.
coal
c.
ozone
d.
wind
5. Which infectious disease is indirectly caused by climate change?
a.
chicken pox
b.
yellow fever
c.
AIDS
d.
meningitis
6. Any change in the air, water, or soil that could reduce its ability to support life is:
a.
a mutation
b.
an acute environmental effect
c.
pollution
d.
a teratogen
7. An example of a pollutant is a:
a.
genetic breakdown or shifting of genes
b.
substance in the air or water that causes damage to the environment
c.
cancer-causing agent
d.
genetic substance that breaks down the DNA of the human body
8. A(n) ____ is a severe, immediate reaction to a pollutant.
a.
primary effect
b.
acute effect
c.
chronic effect
d.
fatal effect
9. A(n) ____ is a continuous reaction or one that takes years to develop.
a.
primary effect
b.
acute effect
c.
chronic effect
d.
fatal effect
10. Environmental agents that trigger changes in DNA are called:
a.
acute effects
b.
mutagens
c.
chronic effects
d.
changing agents
11. A substance that can cause cancer is known as a(n):
a.
carcinogen
b.
antigen
c.
particulate
d.
mutagen
12. Agents that can cross the placenta of a pregnant woman and cause birth defects are classified as:
a.
mutations
b.
carcinogens
c.
particulates
d.
teratogens
13. What is one major gas associated with the greenhouse effect?
a.
oxygen monoxide
b.
carbon dioxide
c.
hydrogen monoxide
d.
sulphur dioxide
14. What is one major health problem is associated with pollution?
a.
loss of mobility
b.
reproductive issues
c.
paralysis
d.
impaired hearing
15. ____ of the population of the United States live in areas with dangerous levels of air pollution.
a.
One-quarter
b.
One-third
c.
More than half
d.
Three-quarters
16. ____ is the most widespread pollutant associated with damage to the immune system.
a.
Radon gas
b.
Sulfur oxide
c.
Ozone
d.
Nitrogen oxide
17. The most ozone-polluted cities in the country are located in:
a.
New York
b.
California
c.
Massachusetts
d.
Michigan
18. Particle pollution:
a.
only causes short-term effects on the body
b.
damages the body in the same way as radon poisoning
c.
has been decreasing in the eastern part of the U.S.
d.
can pass straight through the lungs into the bloodstream
19. A CFL bulb uses ____ of the electricity of a conventional bulb.
a.
one-quarter
b.
one-third
c.
one-half
d.
two-thirds
20. Buying products packaged in recycled material is called:
a.
precycling
b.
reducing
c.
recycling
d.
reusing
21. ____ refers to using materials once considered trash.
a.
Precycling
b.
Recycling
c.
Wasting
d.
Foraging
22. “Tech trash” can cause ____ to leak into the ground and water.
a.
formaldehyde
b.
mercury
c.
arsenic
d.
radon
23. ____is the process by which bacteria eat organic material and turn it into rich soil.
a.
Precycling
b.
Composting
c.
Recycling
d.
Foraging
24. A water filter should be cleaned regularly to prevent the buildup of:
a.
gas
b.
bacteria
c.
fluoride
d.
chromium
25. Which statement about bottled water is true?
a.
Most bottled water comes from an urban water supply.
b.
Bottled water decreases the incidence of cavities among children and teens.
c.
Americans drink more bottled water than soft drinks.
d.
Bottled water has generally been shown to be purer than tap water.
26. Reusing ____ water bottles may pose some health dangers.
a.
PET
b.
glass
c.
Nalgene
d.
aluminum
27. People in industrialized societies spend the vast majority of their time:
a.
in the car
b.
outside
c.
inside buildings
d.
in traffic
28. ____is a major health effect of secondhand smoke.
a.
Skin rashes
b.
Impaired vision
c.
Infertility
d.
Throat irritation
29. ____ is the second leading cause of lung cancer.
a.
Formaldehyde
b.
Sulfate
c.
Tobacco smoke
d.
Radon
30. What is a major source of radon?
a.
humidifiers
b.
tobacco smoke
c.
building materials
d.
exhaust fumes
31. _______________ is a type of fungus that decomposes organic matter.
a.
Lice
b.
Mold
c.
Radon
d.
Formaldehyde
32. Which of the following is a known health effect of organic pollutants?
a.
infertility
b.
liver disease
c.
bone cancer
d.
hair loss
33. Formaldehyde is commonly used in which of the following?
a.
paint
b.
nail polish remover
c.
carpet backing
d.
drain cleaner
34. ____ are carrier agents in pesticides that can cause health problems.
a.
Polycarbonates
b.
Inerts
c.
Microbes
d.
Proteins
35. Asbestos, a mineral widely used for building insulation, has been linked to which of the following
types of cancer?
a.
breast
b.
prostate
c.
chest
d.
liver
36. Which is a known health effect of even low levels of lead exposure?
a.
central nervous system damage
b.
impaired vision
c.
hair loss
d.
stomach ulcers
37. Carbon monoxide:
a.
can cause death
b.
is recognizable by its almond smell
c.
causes lung cancer
d.
is produced by pilot lights
38. Multiple chemical sensitivity:
a.
can be cured with antibiotics
b.
is also called universal allergy
c.
has been linked to molds and other organic sources
d.
can be diagnosed with a PET scan
39. Approximately ____ Americans die each year of carbon monoxide poisoning.
a.
5,000
b.
10,000
c.
15,000
d.
20,000
40. Which type of cancer has been linked to electromagnetic fields?
a.
liver
b.
breast
c.
skin
d.
prostate
41. Sound frequency is measured in:
a.
hertz
b.
decibels
c.
PCB
d.
CFC
42. Tinnitus refers to:
a.
ringing in the ears
b.
hearing loss
c.
chronic ear infections
d.
a ruptured eardrum
43. Loudness, or the intensity of a sound, is measured in:
a.
decibels
b.
hertz
c.
PCB
d.
CFC
44. A motorcycle revving up 25 feet away is equivalent to the noise of a(n):
a.
jet four miles after takeoff
b.
rock concert
c.
alarm clock at two feet away
d.
car horn at three feet away
45. Which scenario poses the greatest risk of injury to the human ear?
a.
standing in city traffic
b.
using a chain saw
c.
riding on a subway train
d.
attending a rock concert
COMPLETION
1. ____________________ is the primary ingredient of smog air pollution.
2. The use of as few nonrenewable resources as possible is known as ____________________.
3. ____________________ is an odorless gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel in space
heaters, furnaces, water heaters and engines.
4. ____________________ refers to tobacco residue that contains cancer-causing toxins that stick to a
variety of surfaces.
5. ____________________ is a recycling method used for organic products such as leftover food and
vegetable peels.
6. ____________________ systems contribute to mold problems today.
7. ____________________ is a mineral widely used for building insulation that has been linked to lung
cancer.
8. Chemicals that interfere with human hormones such as estrogen are called ____________________.
9. The proliferation of chemicals in modern society has led to a new disease known as
____________________.
10. ____________________ increase the rate at which molecules vibrate.
11. ____________________ possesses enough energy to separate electrons from their atoms.
12. Noise-induced hearing loss is ____________________ percent preventable.
13. ____________________ is a measure of the energy deposited by ionizing radiation when it is
absorbed by an object.
14. A(n) ____________________ is a measure of the biological effect of ionizing radiation.
15. ____________________ is the third-most common chronic health problem.
16. Loudness, or the intensity of sound, is measured in ____________________.
17. The range of frequencies of sound is measured in ____________________.
18. Ringing in the ears is called ____________________.
19. According to federal law, the maximum exposure allowed on the job is ___________________decibels for
an 8 hour period.
20. ____________________ are specialists in hearing problems.
MATCHING
Match the items below with the most appropriate descriptions.
a.
precycling
f.
PET
b.
ozone
g.
increased blood pressure
c.
hertz
h.
tinnitus
d.
decibels
i.
second hand smoke
e.
global warming
j.
teratogens
1. glaciers melting
2. chronic effect of pollution
3. smog air pollution
4. disposable water bottles
5. increased risk of stillbirth
6. loudness of sound
7. frequencies
8. products packaged in recycled materials
9. ringing in the ears
10. mutagens that cause birth defects
ESSAY
1. Describe global warming. List four sources of greenhouse emissions.
2. Define pollution and the types of pollution that can create acute and chronic effects.
3. Explain the difference between recycling and precycling.
4. Describe three types of indoor air pollution and discuss the health dangers of these pollutants.
5. Define sustainability using composting as an example.
