Chapter 19: Semiconductor Fundamentals
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ____ is the most commonly used semiconductor material.
a.
Silicon
c.
Carbon
b.
Germanium
d.
Indium
2. At room temperature, pure silicon crystals are poor ____; they behave like ____.
a.
conductors; insulators
c.
capacitors; resistors
b.
insulators; conductors
d.
resistors; capacitors
3. Silicon, like other semiconductor materials, is said to have a negative temperature coefficient because
as the temperature ____, its resistance ____.
a.
decreases, decreases
c.
increases, decreases
b.
increases, increases
d.
decreases, increases
4. In some applications, heat-sensitive devices are necessary. In these applications, _____ is used.
a.
germanium
c.
carbon
b.
silicon
d.
indium
5. In N-type material, ____ are the majority carrier and ____ are the minority carrier.
a.
electrons, holes
c.
protons, holes
b.
holes, electrons
d.
holes, protons
6. Pentavalent materials have atoms with ____ valence electrons and are used to make ____ material.
a.
three, N-type
c.
five, N-type
b.
three, P-type
d.
five, P-type
7. Trivalent materials have atoms with ____ valence electrons and are used to make ____ material.
a.
three, N-type
c.
five, N-type
b.
three, P-type
d.
five, P-type
8. In P-type material, ____ are the majority carrier and ____ are the minority carrier.
a.
electrons, holes
c.
protons, holes
b.
holes, electrons
d.
holes, protons
9. N- and P-type semiconductor materials have conductivity that is ____ pure semiconductor materials.
a.
much lower than
c.
exactly the same amount as
b.
roughly similar to
d.
much higher than
10. Semiconductor materials have valence shells that are ____.
a.
empty
c.
three-quarters full
b.
half full
d.
full
COMPLETION
1. ____________________ materials have characteristics that fall between those of insulators and
conductors.
2. ____________________ is the process of sharing valence electrons, resulting in the formation of
crystals.
3. When an electron breaks away from its covalent bond, the space previously occupied by the electron is
referred to as a(n) ____________________.
SHORT ANSWER
1. List the advantages and disadvantages of semiconductors.
2. Describe the current flow in P-type material.