Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Chapter 19
Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A fertilized egg is called a
2. During this initial period of division in a zygote, there is no increase in the overall size of
the embryo.
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
3. In insects, the passage from one body form to another is called
4. Plants have special groups of self-renewing cells called
5. These are cell adhesion proteins that some cells use in the process of differentiation during
development.
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
6. In Drosophila, the cells created by cleavage contain different developmental signals from
the egg called cytoplasmic
7. A zygote is a fertilized egg formed by an egg and a sperm. The zygote undergoes many
mitotic events as it develops into a solid ball of cells (ie, blastomeres) called a blastula. What
changes occur in this early cleavage?
8. Many insects, like moths and flies, undergo complete metamorphosis. What would you
predict about gene expression in these two kinds of insects?
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about homeotic genes and metamorphosis?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
9. Plants do not utilize the process of cell migration in their development. Instead plants
utilize
10. In general, the blastomeres of this region form the ectodermal tissues.
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
11. In general, the blastomeres of this region form the endodermal tissues.
12. There are cases, particularly in fruit flies, in which a normal body part grows in the wrong
spot. For instance, legs on the head growing instead of antennae, or a second set of wings
behind the normal pair. What can explain this?
13. A zygote initially divides into smaller cells, each called a
Check All That Apply Questions
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
14. When differentiation occurs, cells may also change in
_____ genetic content.
Multiple Choice Questions
15. What can be said about Drosophila development?
16. Briggs and King demonstrated nuclear transplantation in
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
17. How did Briggs and King move the nuclei between cells?
18. Very early in development, each cell is capable of expressing all its genes. This is
referred to as
19. Scientists attempted for many years to conduct nuclear transplants but failed. However,
geneticists had success in cloning a sheep. They were successful because they
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
20. Drosophila eggs acquire an initial asymmetry before fertilization as a result of
21. Which proteins are encoded by genes that code for the first mRNAs transcribed in
Drosophila embryos?
22. Which genes are expressed in Drosophila after pattern formation along the A/P axis has
been successfully established?
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
23. The Drosophila homeotic genes typically contain the homeobox. The homeobox is a
sequence of 180 nucleotides. The number of amino acids coded for by this sequence is
24. The finding that homeotic genes are present in both mammals and insects indicates that
these genes must
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about homeotic genes?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
25. Cells that die of injury usually swell and then burst. Their contents are released into the
extracellular fluid. This form of cell death is referred to as
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
26. Cells that are programmed to die, shrivel and shrink in a process called
27. Caenorhabditis elegans is an organism with exactly 959 somatic cells. This organism is
a(n)
28. Egg cells were combined with this cell type to form the cloned sheep named Dolly.
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
29. Signal molecules that determine relative positions during development are known as
30. In contrast to the cell cycle of adult somatic cells, the dividing cells of an early embryo
lack which cell cycle stage(s)?
31. A complete cell lineage map exists for
Check All That Apply Questions
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
32. What are the characteristics of stem cells? Check all that apply.
Multiple Choice Questions
33. A muscle precursor cell expressing the MyoD1 gene would be considered to be
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about determination and differentiation?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
34. If cells from a wing are transplanted to the leg prior to their determination, into what will
they likely develop?
Clarify Question
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What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
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What do you already know about determination?
according to a particular cell fate.
Consider Possibilities
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
o The transplanted cells will likely develop as leg cells.
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
35. What can be said about animal and vegetal poles?
Check All That Apply Questions
36. In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo, if the vegetal marginal cells lack a functional FGF
receptor, which structure(s) will fail to develop? (Select all that apply)
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about FGF induction?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Multiple Choice Questions
37. In a 32-cell stage tunicate embryo, vegetal marginal cells that lack functional genes for
both macho-1 and the FGF receptor would develop as what cell type?
Chapter 19 – Cellular Mechanisms of Development
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about FGF induction?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process