Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
64. Which type of nuclear process requires an extremely high temperature (millions of
degrees)?
65. The energy released by the sun is the result of
66. In passing through matter, alpha particles lose energy chiefly by causing
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
67. List the different types of nuclear radiation (alpha, beta, gamma) in order of increasing
penetrating power.
68. List the given types of nuclear radiation (cosmic rays, medical and dental X rays, and
nuclear waste) in order of how much each contributes to the average yearly dose of nuclear
radiation for Americans:
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
69. Gamma-rays cause radiation damage when they interact with matter by producing
70. The dose unit of ionizing radiation is called the rad. The rad is defined in terms of
71. Which of the following is an example of a free radical?
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
72. A sample of a radioisotope shows an activity of 999 disintegrations per minute due to beta
decay. If after 1.10 years the activity is 952 disintegrations per minute, what is the half-life of
this radioisotope?
73. Present-day plant life has a carbon–14 decay rate of 16 disintegrations per minute (dpm)
per gram of carbon. If a contemporary wooden chair were somehow preserved for the next
3,900 years, what 14C decay rate should be expected from the wood used to make the chair?
(t1/2 = 5,730 yr)
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
74. The carbon-14 activity of some ancient Indian corn was found to be 7.0 disintegrations per
minute (dpm) per gram of carbon. If present-day plant life has 16 dpm per gram of carbon,
how old is the Indian corn? (t1/2 = 5,730 yr)
75. Petroleum is a fossil fuel containing many different carbon compounds. If the carbon
atoms in petroleum have been in the ground for 100 million years, what fraction of the initial
14C atoms is still there? (t1/2 = 5,370 yr)
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
76. Rubidium–87 decays by beta decay with a half-life of 4.9 1010 yr. How many 87Rb
atoms are in a moon rock sample that has a rubidium decay rate of 3,500 disintegrations per
hour?
77. The half-life of 14C is 5,730 yr. Assuming some charcoal from a campfire 29,000 years
old was found, what fraction of the original C–14 would remain today?
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
78. How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3,500
disintegrations per min? (For 14C, t1/2 = 5,730 yr.)
79. Which isotope, when bombarded with oxygen-18, yields the artificial isotope seaborgium-
263 plus 4 neutrons?
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
80. Which isotope, when bombarded with nitrogen-15, yields the artificial isotope dubnium-
260 plus 4 neutrons?
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
81.
In the following reaction, identify X
.
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
82.
In the following reaction, identify X.
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
83.
In the following reaction, identify X.
84. Decay of lutetium-167 by electron capture yields
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
85. Decay of tin-110 by electron capture yields
86. Decay of silicon-27 by positron emission yields
87. Decay of ruthenium-93 by positron emission yields
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
88. On a neutron number versus proton number plot, the nucleus of oxygen-15 lies below the
belt of stability. In the radioactive decay of oxygen -15, what subatomic particle is emitted?
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
89. On a plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons, a nucleus of aluminum-
28 lies above the belt of stability. During the radioactive decay of aluminum-28 a beta particle
is emitted, what isotope is also formed?
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
90.
Complete and balance the nuclear equation
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
91.
Complete and balance the nuclear equation
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
92.
Complete and balance the nuclear equation
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
93.
Complete and balance the nuclear equation
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
94.
Complete and balance the nuclear equation
Chapter 19 – Nuclear Chemistry
95.
Select True or False: The type of nuclear process illustrated below is called beta emission (or beta decay).
96.
Select True or False: The type of nuclear process illustrated below is called neutron emission.