Figure 19.1
Using Figure 19.1, match the following:
69)
Sinusoid capillary.
69)
70)
Capillary with intercellular clefts found in the skin and muscles.
70)
Figure 19.2
Using Figure 19.2, match the following:
71)
Inferior mesenteric vein.
71)
72)
The most common form of shock is ________.
72)
Figure 19.2
Using Figure 19.2, match the following:
73)
Splenic vein.
73)
74)
Describe the forces that determine fluid movements across capillary walls.
74)
75)
The abdominal aorta divides into three arteries at its terminus; what are they?
75)
76)
Define vasoconstriction and vasodilation. What is the mechanism of regulation?
76)
Figure 19.2
Using Figure 19.2, match the following:
77)
Hepatic portal vein.
77)
Figure 19.1
Using Figure 19.1, match the following:
78)
Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the
blood.
78)
79)
The mesenteric arteries branch off the abdominal aorta, but the mesenteric veins do not
connect directly to the vena cava. Why?
79)
TRUE/FALSE. Write ‘T’ if the statement is true and ‘F’ if the statement is false.
80)
The outermost layer of a blood vessel is the tunica intima.
81)
A precapillary sphincter is a cuff of smooth muscle that regulates the flow of blood into the
capillaries.
82)
Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation
because of its proximity to the heart.
83)
The carotid sinus reflex protects the blood supply to the brain, whereas the aortic reflex is more
concerned with maintaining adequate blood pressure in the systemic circuit as a whole.
84)
The pancreas is an example of an organ with arteries that do not anastomose.
85)
Vasodilation is a widening of the lumen due to smooth muscle contraction.
86)
The azygos vein originates in the abdomen.
87)
Every minute, about 1.5 ml of fluid leaks out of the capillaries.
88)
Whereas diffusion is more important for solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid,
bulk flow is more important for regulation of the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid.
89)
The pulmonary circulation does not directly serve the metabolic needs of body tissues.
90)
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance.
91)
Arteries supplying the same territory are often merged with one another, forming arterial
anastomoses.
92)
An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck
to the heart.
93)
The adjustment of blood flow to each tissue in proportion to its requirements at any point in time is
termed autoregulation.
94)
The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) is an arterial anastomosis.
95)
Hypotension is generally considered systolic blood pressure that is below 100 mm Hg.
96)
Osmotic pressure is created by the presence in a fluid of small diffusible molecules that easily move
through the capillary membrane.
97)
The thick–walled arteries close to the heart are called muscular arteries.
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
98)
Supplies the kidney.
A)
Renal artery
Match the following:
99)
Site where the blood pressure is
greatest.
A)
Large arteries
Match the following:
100)
Artery usually ausculated to take the
blood pressure.
A)
Brachial artery
100)
Match the following:
101)
Site where the blood volume is
greatest.
A)
Large veins
101)
Match the following:
102)
Drains an upper extremity, a deep
vein.
A)
Subclavian vein
102)
Match the following:
103)
Results from heart inability to sustain
adequate circulation due to
myocardial damage
A
A)
Cardiogenic shock
103)
Match the following:
104)
Carries oxygen–poor blood to the
lungs.
A
A)
Pulmonary trunk
104)
Match the following:
105)
Supplies a lower limb.
A
105)
A)
External iliac artery
Match the following:
106)
Site where blood pressure is lowest.
A
106)
A)
Large veins
Match the following:
107)
Runs through the armpit area, giving
off branches to the axillae, chest wall,
and shoulder girdle.
A
A)
Axillary artery
107)
Match the following:
108)
Supplies the small intestine.
A
108)
A)
Superior mesenteric artery
Match the following:
109)
Major supply to the cerebral
hemispheres.
A
A)
Internal carotid artery
109)
Match the following:
110)
Supplies the distal areas of the large
intestine.
A
A)
Inferior mesenteric artery
110)
Match the following:
111)
Site that is the major determinant of
peripheral resistance.
A
A)
Arterioles
111)
A
Match the following:
112)
Due to large–scale blood loss
A)
Hypovolemic shock
112)
Match the following:
113)
Gives rise to the right common carotid
and right subclavian artery.
A)
Brachiocephalic trunk
113)
Match the following:
114)
Artery that does not anastomose.
114)
A)
Renal artery
Match the following:
115)
Due to inadequate blood flow to meet
tissue needs
116)
Normal blood volume but poor
circulation due to extreme
vasodilation
A)
Circulatory shock
115)
116)
Match the following:
117)
Largest artery of the body.
117)
A)
Aorta
Match the following:
118)
Common site to take the pulse.
118)
A)
Radial artery
Match the following:
119)
Vessel commonly used as a coronary
bypass vessel.
A)
Great saphenous vein
119)
Match the following:
120)
Site where the velocity of blood flow is
slowest.
121)
Site where exchanges of food and
gases are made.
122)
Site where resistance to blood flow is
greatest.
A)
Arterioles
120)
121)
122)
Match the following:
123)
Carries oxygen–rich blood from the
lungs.
A)
Pulmonary vein
123)
Match the following:
124)
Site where the velocity of blood flow is
fastest.
A
A)
Large arteries
124)
Match the following:
125)
Drains the scalp.
A
A)
External jugular vein
125)
Match the following:
126)
Major artery of the thigh.
A
A)
Femoral artery
126)
Match the following:
127)
Supplies the duodenum and stomach.
B
128)
Supplies pelvic structures.
A
A)
Internal iliac artery
127)
128)
Match the following:
129)
Receives blood from all areas superior
to the diaphragm, except the heart
wall.
A
A)
Superior vena cava
129)
Match the following:
130)
Large unpaired branch of the
abdominal aorta that supplies the
liver, stomach, and spleen.
A
A)
Celiac trunk
130)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
131)
Mrs. Gray, a 50–year–old mother of seven children, is complaining of dull, aching pains in her legs. She reports
that they have been getting progressively worse since the birth of her last child. During her physical
examination, numerous varicosities are seen in both legs. How are varicosities recognized? What veins are most
likely involved? What pathologic changes have occurred in these veins, and what is the most likely cause in this
patient’s case?
A
132)
A pregnant patient comes into a clinic and asks about a small painless dark compressible bulge that is becoming
more apparent on her leg. What is it and what caused it?
133)
Describe the effect of hypovolemic shock on the blood vessels and the heart.
134)
At the battle of Shiloh in the American Civil War, Confederate General A. S. Johnston was killed when he was
shot in the thigh. Witnesses reported that he bled to death almost before he realized that he was wounded.
Which blood vessel was most likely to have been injured? Why is a tourniquet usually ineffective in stopping
the bleeding from this wound?
135)
A woman in her early 50s appeared at a walk–in clinic, complaining of aching pain in her right leg following a
fall. Visual examination revealed that the medial aspect of that leg was red and swollen. A diagnosis of phlebitis
was made. What is phlebitis, and what more serious condition may result if proper healing does not occur?
136)
A patient lost a lot of blood during surgery and his blood pressure dropped from 120/80 to 90/50. Describe how
the kidneys respond to this change in blood pressure.
137)
A patient has an 80% blockage of his left anterior descending coronary artery. Describe what occurs in terms of
myocardial oxygen supply and demand if his sympathetic nervous system is stimulated.
138)
For each of the following situations, describe the anticipated effect on blood pressure and the physiological
basis of the response: (1) a high–salt diet, (2) a blow on the head that damages (disables) the vasomotor center,
(3) an attack by a mugger, and (4) a hypothalamic tumor resulting in excess ADH production.
139)
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease of blood vessels that is responsible for millions of deaths each year.
Describe the disease process, noting the involvement of specific cell/tissue types and molecules.
140)
Mr. Wilson is a 45–year–old stockbroker with essential hypertension. He is African American, obese, and he
smokes 2–3 packs of cigarettes daily. What risk factors for hypertension are typified by Mr. Wilson? What steps
should be taken to treat Mr. Wilson, and what lifestyle changes should he make? What complications are likely
if corrective steps are not taken?
Answer Key
Testname: C19
Answer Key
Testname: C19
Answer Key
Testname: C19
32
Answer Key
Testname: C19
33