Chemistry for Changing Times, 14e (Hill/McCreary)
Chapter 19 Fitness and Health
19.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) An athlete’s pre-game meal should consist mainly of
A) carbohydrates.
B) fat.
C) protein.
D) vitamins.
2) The new Dietary Guidelines recommend which of the following?
A) Adults should drink 3 L of liquid per day.
B) Sugary drinks need not be limited.
C) Adults should compare the sodium content for processed foods and choose foods with lower amounts
of sodium.
D) Fats and oils do not need to be limited.
3) Which of the following has the same health effects as butter?
A) olive oil
B) margarine
C) peanut oil
D) corn oil
4) According to the new daily food guide, it is recommended that half of your plate should come from
which group(s) of foods?
A) dairy
B) fruits and vegetables
C) pork
D) unsaturated fats
5) It is recommended that our diets contain no more than
A) 5-20% calories from fats.
B) 20-35% calories from fats.
C) 40-55% calories from fats.
D) 55-65% calories from fats.
6) Muscles are built by
A) eating diets high in carbohydrates.
B) eating diets high in protein.
C) eating diets high in fats.
D) exercising.
7) The DRI values for vitamins and nutrients are set by
A) the Food and Drug Administration.
B) the Department of Agriculture.
C) the Food and Nutrition Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.
D) each of the state governments.
8) If a person stops exercising, how long will it take for the muscle to start to shrink?
A) two days
B) one week
C) one month
D) two months
9) If a person stops exercising, how long will it take for the muscle built by exercising to be gone?
A) two days
B) one week
C) one month
D) two months
10) The general recommendation for vitamin consumption by most members of the scientific community
is
A) to take high doses of vitamin supplements daily.
B) to eat a well-balanced diet.
C) to take high doses of water soluble vitamins.
D) make sure your vitamin supplements are enriched with iron and zinc.
11) A vegetarian who is not on vitamin supplements is likely to show a deficiency in which vitamin?
A) B12
B) A
C) B6
D) E
12) Which of the following is NOT commonly known to be a vitamin deficiency disease?
A) beriberi
B) cancer
C) scurvy
D) pellagra
13) Which vitamin is sometimes called the “antisterility” vitamin?
A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B complex
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
14) Which vitamin is sometimes called the “antiaging” vitamin?
A) vitamin A
B) vitamin B complex
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
15) Which of the following foods shows evidence of having anticancer activity?
A) cabbage
B) tomatoes
C) onions
D) celery
16) Which of the following vitamins is NOT found in plants?
A) B2
B) K
C) B12
D) biotin
17) Vitamin D is a steroid-type vitamin that offers protection against
A) beriberi.
B) scurvy.
C) pellagra.
D) rickets.
18) Which vitamin promotes the development of healthy bones and the absorption of calcium and
phosphate?
A) vitamin C
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin K
19) β-carotene is a precursor of
A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin K.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.
20) Increased levels of ________ have been shown to increase production of interferons by the body.
A) vitamin K
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin A
D) vitamin D
21) Heat strokes resulting from physical exertion occur when the body‘s heat regulatory system fails.
This condition is likely to occur when
A) there is a vitamin deficiency.
B) the body is dehydrated.
C) the sodium ion level in body fluids is low.
D) one has overeaten.
22) The best thing to drink to replenish lost body fluids after exercise is
A) coffee.
B) water.
C) beer.
D) Gatorade.
23) The major component of body sweat is
A) sodium chloride.
B) potassium chloride.
C) calcium chloride.
D) water.
24) The urine is a good indicator of hydration. What does urine look like if one is properly hydrated?
A) clear and colorless
B) pale yellow
C) cloudy
D) bright yellow
25) Which of the following promotes water loss from the body?
A) alcohol
B) caffeine
C) Both alcohol and caffeine promote water loss.
D) Neither alcohol nor caffeine promotes water loss.
26) If five percent of the body weight is lost as weight, then the physiological effect is
A) hydrated.
B) alert.
C) urination.
D) heat exhaustion.
27) The symptoms of dehydration include
A) cloudy urine.
B) dizziness or fainting.
C) tired or cramped muscles.
D) all of the above.
28) Which of the following statements about vitamin A is NOT correct?
A) Vitamin A is needed for good vision.
B) Vitamin A can be toxic in large doses.
C) Vitamin A is water soluble.
D) Vitamin A is needed for bone development.
29) A vitamin E deficiency can lead to
A) liver toxicity.
B) muscular dystrophy.
C) pernicious anemia.
D) rickets.
30) For someone on a diet,
A) only fat is lost.
B) fat and protein are lost.
C) only protein is lost.
D) only glycogen is lost.
31) The number of dieters who lose weight and then gain it back is approximately
A) 5%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 90%.
32) A pound of fat has an energy content of 3500 kcal. Walking a mile uses about 100 kcal. How many
miles must you walk to lose a pound of fat?
A) 3500
B) 350
C) 35
D) 3.5
33) A low-carbohydrate diet depletes the body’s glycogen. Every pound of glycogen lost results in a
weight loss of
A) 1 pound of glycogen.
B) 2 pounds (1 pound of glycogen and 1 pound of water).
C) 3 pounds (1 pound of glycogen, 1 pound of muscle, and 1 pound of water).
D) 4 pounds (1 pound of glycogen and 3 pounds of water).
34) If you ordinarily expend 1700 kcal/day and you diet at 1500 kcal/day, how long will it take to lose 1.0
pound of fat? (1.0 lb of adipose fat is 3500 kcal.)
A) 35 days
B) 15 days
C) 17.5 days
D) 2.33 days
35) Which of the following is an appetite stimulant?
A) cholecystokinin
B) ghrelin
C) leptin
D) peptide YY (PYY)
36) Which of the following is an appetite suppressant?
A) insulin
B) ghrelin
C) peptide YY (PYY)
D) leptin
37) One pound of fatty tissue stores approximately how many kcal of energy?
A) 500
B) 1500
C) 3500
D) 6500
38) One pound of adipose tissue requires ________ miles of blood capillaries.
A) 15
B) 70
C) 200
D) 1500
39) Which of the following will NOT occur on an extremely low-carbohydrate diet?
A) ketosis
B) cleansing of waste products from the body
C) conversion of amino acids to glucose
D) lethargy and depression
40) What is the body mass index (BMI) of a person who is 6 ft tall and weighs 205 pounds?
A) 28
B) 2.9
C) 4000
D) 350
41) The body mass index (BMI) is determined by which of the following physical quantities?
A) mass
B) weight and height
C) density and height
D) height
42) The body mass index is used to measure one’s level of
A) fatness.
B) bone density.
C) hydration.
D) stamina.
43) How much essential body fat does the male body require?
A) 3%
B) 11%
C) 15%
D) 23%
44) The recommended body mass index (BMI) for an adult is
A) less than 18.5
B) between 18.5 and 24.9
C) between 25 and 29.9
D) above 30
45) All of the following are measures of fitness EXCEPT
A) body mass index (BMI).
B) body density.
C) VO2 max.
D) All of the above are measures of fitness.
46) How much essential body fat does the female body require?
A) 4-6%
B) 10-12%
C) 20-22%
D) 22-24%
47) Which of the following would NOT be an advantage for walking or biking?
A) It is less expensive than driving.
B) The fuels that provide energy for walking or biking are nonrenewable.
C) An individual person would have a carbon-neutral effect on the environment.
D) Walking or biking helps a person lose weight.