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54. What is not one of the losses experienced by prison inmates?
a. loss of liberty and access to goods and services
b. loss of heterosexual relationships
c. loss of autonomy and security
d. loss of access to proper medical care
55. Prior to the 1960s, the nation's courts maintained a hands-off approach and did not interfere with prison matters
because of all but which reason?
a. the belief that it lacked technical competence in prison administration
b. society’s general apathy toward prisons
c. a general concern with civil and human rights
d. the belief that prisoners’ complaints involved privileges rather than rights
56. Among the rights won by inmates, which of the following is not one of them?
a. the right to secure proper medical attention
b. the right to freedom of speech and press unless it interferes with or threatens institutional freedom
c. the right to be free from cruel and unusual physical treatment while incarcerated
d. the right to be segregated along racial lines
57. Which Supreme Court case gave inmates been the right to secure proper medical attention?
a. Roper v. Simmons
b. Estelle v. Gamble
c. Hope v. Pelzer
d. Bell v. Wheeling Jesuit University
58. The evaluation of parole has produced some disturbing findings. Federal surveys indicate that about
of all released inmates are rearrested for committing a felony or serious misdemeanor within three years of leaving
prison.
a. 15%
b. one-quarter
c. one-half
d. two-thirds
59. Which factor is not related to postrelease recidivism?
a. substance abuse or dependency
b. being a chronic offender
c. a functional family
d. an antisocial personality
60. Which of the following is not among the issues faced by those reentering society from prison?
a. being barred from work opportunities
b. physical and mental health problems
c. leaving prison with no savings or entitlement to unemployment benefits
d. being welcome and able to secure subsidized public housing
61. Punishing people by incarcerating them in prisons and/or jails can actually be traced to a liberal reform effort
instigated by William Penn.
a. True
b. False
62. The Auburn prison design became known as the tier system because cells were built vertically on five floors of the
structure
a. True
b. False
63. The first prison in the New World was built in 1798 by Philip Stahl of New York who viewed criminality equal to
that of the public's perception of homosexuality at the time.
a. True
b. False
64. Of the different correctional philosophies of the 1800, the Pennsylvania System eventually won out.
a. True
b. False
65. It was in Pittsburgh that the first Western State Penitentiary was built, mandated by the General Assembly in 1818
and opened in 1826.
a. True
b. False
66. Mandatory sentencing generally expands the judge’s discretionary power to impose any disposition viewed as
proportionate to the offense.
a. True
b. False
67. Three strike laws were created in Kansas after known pedophile Frank Connelly was arrested multiple times for
violating children in 1967.
a. True
b. False
68. Indeterminate sentences give a minimum sentence that must be served and a lengthy maximum sentence that is the
outer boundary of the time that can possibly be served.
a. True
b. False
69. Sentencing guidelines set out mandatory requirements for the length of incarceration.
a. True
b. False
70. All states with death-penalty statutes have lethal injection as a method of execution.
a. True
b. False
71. Felons are usually incarcerated in a federal or state prison; misdemeanants are housed in county jails or
reformatories.
a. True
b. False
72. National data indicate that about 60% of probationers successfully complete their probationary sentences while about
40% are rearrested, violate probation, or abscond.
a. True
b. False
73. Shock probation programs typically include youthful, first-time offenders and feature military discipline and physical
training.
a. True
b. False
74. Electronic monitoring, while highly effective, is also very expensive.
a. True
b. False
75. The most widely used intermediate sanction is boot camps, which have shown to be 78% effective for the 22- to 26-
year-old minor to medium-level offender.
a. True
b. False
76. Jails originated in Europe in the sixteenth century and were used to house those awaiting trial and punishment.
a. True
b. False
77. Jails house inmates for federal, state, or other authorities because of crowding of their facilities.
a. True
b. False
78. Medium-security prisons operate without armed guards or walls; usually they are constructed in compounds
surrounded by chain-link fences.
a. True
b. False
79. Punishment in prison is considered cruel and unusual when it shocks the general conscience.
a. True
b. False
80. Inmates have always had the right to secure proper medical attention.
a. True
b. False
81. Children of incarcerated parents are five times more likely to serve time in prison than are children whose parents
are not incarcerated.
a. True
b. False
82. In Johnson v. California, the Supreme Court ruled that the segregation of prison inmates based on race, in their
cells or anywhere on prison grounds, is an inappropriate form of racial classification.
a. True
b. False
83. Because of America’s two-decade-long imprisonment boom, more than 700,000 inmates are now being released
back into the community each year.
a. True
b. False
84. What were the primary differences between the Auburn and Pennsylvania models of prisons?
85. Identify four goals of punishment and explain their justifications.
86. Differentiate between indeterminate and determinate sentences and their purposes.
87. Examine capital punishment in the United States.
88. Compare and contrast death-penalty arguments. Provide four arguments for both sides of the issue.
89. What is probation, how does the process work, and what is its success rate?
90. A variety of alternative sentences exist, in part, to relieve prison and jail overcrowding. Identify and discuss four of
these intermediate sanctions.
91. What is intensive probation supervision? In your reply identify and discuss its goals.
92. Discuss the history and at least five functions of jails.
93. What is meant by “prisoners' rights”? Provide some key privileges that have been granted to inmates.
94. Discuss the problems parolees and inmates experience as they reenter society.
