Chapter 18: Wireless Multimedia Key
1. A major transition in IT has been the integration of previously disparate functions into a
more unified and mobile multimedia environment.
2. An important feature of wireless multimedia devices is that they can often simultaneously interface with
multiple wireless network technologies, including GPS, Wi-Fi, cellular networks, and Bluetooth technology.
3. Bluetooth is a type of LAN standardized by ANSI.
4. Bluetooth is also known as the IEEE 802.11 standard.
5. Bluetooth is an example of a personal area network (PAN), a network that transmits within a range of 1 to
100 meters to users.
6. Bluetooth uses a wireless transmission approach called frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), which
divides the allocated frequency band into smaller bands and rapidly hops between 79 frequencies at a rate of
1600 hops per second.
7. Frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum are two types of spread spectrum
technologies.
8. Bluetooth employs the direct sequence spread spectrum technique.
9. Class 1 category Bluetooth devices have the longest range compared to class 2 and 3 devices.
10. Class 3 category Bluetooth devices are the most popular compared to class 1 and 2 devices.
11. Class 2 category Bluetooth devices have a maximum range of approximately 100 m.
12. Class 1 category Bluetooth devices have a maximum range of approximately 100 m.
13. Class 3 category Bluetooth devices have a maximum range of approximately 1 m.
14. The adaptive frequency hopping approach employed by FHSS serves to reduce interference with nearby
devices operating in similar frequency ranges, such as microwaves and cordless telephones.
15. Spread spectrum was initially intended for military applications that required high security and reliability.
16. The first developers of spread spectrum technology were scientists in the military.
17. It is inherently difficult to jam spread spectrum transmission because transmissions are distributed across a
range of frequencies rather than a single frequency.
18. The sequence of frequencies that the transmitter hops in FHSS is based on a “pseudorandom” code.
19. FHSS and DSSS technologies are both used in wireless local area networks, such as those that use the IEEE
802.11 standard.
20. Bluetooth transmissions have a certain degree of inherent security, including 12-bit encryption.
21. Bluetooth employs a licensed band within the radio spectrum.
22. The coverage area, or reach of the signal from a base station, depends on the size, shape, and height of the
base station antenna; the topography of the surrounding area; the transmission power of the antenna; the
frequency being used; and any ambient atmospheric conditions such as weather.
23. One solution to conserving a limited number of available frequencies within a large geographical area is to
split the area into smaller areas called cells and place an individual antenna called a base station within each
24. Although the shape of a cell within a cellular telephone system is actually more circular, the theoretical
shape of the cell is traditionally depicted as a pentagon.
25. The same radio frequencies can be used in multiple cells within a cellular telephone system as long as the
base station transmitters are far enough apart and if the level of transmission power is low enough not to
interfere with other cells that use the same frequency.
26. Cellular networks can handle a large number of calls with a relatively small number of channels because of
a concept called handoff.
27. The number of cells into which a larger geographical area is divided mainly depends on the subscriber
density in that area.
28. One of the most common approaches for handling increases in subscriber density is frequency reuse, which
29. One technique to increase cellular system capacity is cell sectoring, in which individual cells are sectored
into wedge shapes via directional antennas radiating from the base station.
30. One base station can communicate with many mobile devices within a cellular system.
31. In full-duplex communication, two callers exchange information over a single frequency and must wait for
the other person to finish before speaking.
32. As a caller moves away from a base station, the signal becomes stronger and stronger.
33. MTSOs are directly connected to the PSTN.
34. Base stations are directly connected to an MTSO.
35. When a user turns on a cell phone or other wireless device, it scans for the strongest control channel.
36. FDMA is a technique that divides the available spectrum into smaller frequency channels.
37. While FDMA assigns a certain frequency to wireless devices and TDMA assigns each device time slots
within a given frequency, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) assigns each transmitting device a unique
38. AMPS is classified as a 3G cellular system.
39. GSM is classified as a 3G cellular system.
40. CDMA200 is classified as a 3G cellular system.
41. Which of the following is a standard used for personal area networking?
42. Which of the following IEEE standards is associated with Bluetooth?
43. Which of the following Bluetooth radio classes has the longest range?
44. Which of the following Bluetooth radio classes has the shortest range?
45. Which of the following Bluetooth radio classes is the most popular?
46. Which of the following are classified as spread spectrum approaches?
47. Which of the following is the spread spectrum approach employed by Bluetooth?
48. Which spread spectrum technique spreads the energy of the transmission across the entire available
bandwidth based on a pseudo-random code, which makes the transmission appear as noise to an eavesdropper?
49. What is the name given to a group of Bluetooth devices?
50. What is the name given to a geographical area covered by a base station?
51. What is the name given to a station that wirelessly communicates with mobile telephones within a cell?
52. What is the name given to a group of 7 cells arranged together for the purpose of frequency reuse?
53. Which of the following may be implemented to increase cell capacity?
54. What is the name given to the type of communication where two callers exchange information over a single
frequency and must wait for the other person to finish before speaking?
55. What is the name given to the type of communication that allows both parties to speak at once, using one
frequency to speak and one to listen?
56. Which component of a cellular system coordinates the signal strength detection as a user moves within a
geographical area?
57. What are base stations directly connected to?
58. What is the name given to the transparent transfer from the base station of one cell to the base station of
another, and an associated change in the frequency channel that carries the transmission as a user moves from
one cell to another within a cellular system?
59. What are the functions of the MTSO?
60. Which channel is used to exchange signals between a base station and mobile user to perform control
functions such as monitoring the location of a wireless unit or establishing a call?
61. Which multiple access scheme supports the largest number of users within the same cell?
62. Which multiple access scheme supports the highest data rate?
63. Which multiple access scheme was employed by AMPS?
64. CDMA2000 is classified as which generation cellular technology?
65. AMPS is classified as which generation cellular technology?
66. GSM is classified as which generation cellular technology?
67. Which multiple access scheme was employed by D-AMPS?
68. Which multiple access scheme assigns each device time slots within a given frequency in a cellular system?
69. ____________________ technology is a short-range wireless communication standard designed for
geographically limited transmissions.
70. Also known as the IEEE ____________________ standard, Bluetooth is an industry specification for
71. Bluetooth is an example of a ____________________ a network that transmits within a range of 1 to 100
72. The Bluetooth standard specifies ____________________ classes of devices that operate at different
ranges.
73. Class 1 Bluetooth radio operates at a range up to ____________________ meters.
74. Class 2 Bluetooth radio operates at a range up to ____________________ meters.
75. Class 3 Bluetooth radio operates at a range up to ____________________ meters.
76. Most mobile devices that use Bluetooth are in the Class ____________________ category
77. Bluetooth uses a wireless transmission approach called ______________________________, which divides
the allocated frequency band into smaller bands and rapidly hops between 79 frequencies at a rate of 1600 hops
per second.
78. In Bluetooth, the transmitter hops from one carrier frequency to another at a rate of
_________________________ hops per second.
79. The adaptive frequency hopping approach of FHSS serves to reduce ____________________ with nearby
devices operating in similar frequency ranges, such as microwaves and cordless telephones.
80. The Bluetooth standard uses ______________________________, the technique that transmits the signal
across a transmission channel using various frequencies.
81. DSSS techniques, in contrast to FHSS do not hop from one frequency to the next, but instead rely on
____________________ the energy of the transmission onto a large range of frequencies at any given time.
82. Spread spectrum was initially intended for ____________________ applications that required high security
and reliability.
83. The development of FHSS is traditionally attributed to ____________________, an actress, and George
Antheil, a musician.
84. ____________________ has many other applications other than Bluetooth. It is also used within cordless
85. The sequence of frequencies that the transmitter hops in FHSS is based on a “____________________”
code
86. To generate the sequence of pseudo-random numbers (i.e., codes), the algorithm relies on an initial number
called the “____________________” to subsequently generate the series of binary pseudo-random codes.
87. These pseudo-random binary codes are then used as a basis to choose the sequence of frequencies that the
88. In order for a receiving device to ____________________ the transmission, it needs to be able to generate
89. ______________________________ and DSSS are two types of spread spectrum technologies that are both
used in wireless local area networks, such as those that use the IEEE 802.11 standard.
90. Another fundamental technical property of Bluetooth technology is that a group of Bluetooth devices,
usually called a ____________________ is synchronized both by time and by a common pattern of frequency
hopping.
91. In a Bluetooth Piconet, a “____________________” device provides the definitive clock and hop pattern
information to which the other “slave” devices synchronize.
92. A government authority, such as the ____________________ in the United States, allocates frequency
spectrum for cellular services. Providers cannot use any frequencies they want.
93. Unlike the unlicensed band used with Bluetooth, cellular technologies use ____________________
frequency bands within the radio spectrum.
94. Because only a limited number of radio frequencies are made available to a service that provides wireless
access, conserving ____________________ is a key requirement of the cellular system design.
95. One solution to conserving a limited number of available frequencies within a large geographical area is to
split the area into smaller areas called ____________________ and place an individual antenna called a base
station within each smaller area.
96. A cell may be defined as a geographical area covered by a ____________________.
97. A ____________________ is typically used to denote a cell in cellular communications because its shape is
nearly circular.
98. The number of cells into which a larger geographical area would be divided mainly depends on the
____________________, the number of users who require service in the area.
99. One of the most common approaches for handling increases in subscriber density is
____________________, which takes advantage of the uneven usage over a geographical area.
100. To achieve smaller cell sizes, power levels must be diminished in the base station antennas within each
smaller cell, or ____________________.
101. One technique to increase system capacity is ____________________, in which individual cells are
sectored into wedge shapes via directional antennas radiating from the base station.
102. Traditionally, communications between a mobile phone and a base station actually uses two frequencies in
any given instant: One frequency for transmitting signals downstream from the base station to the mobile
device, and one frequency for receiving signals ____________________ in the opposite direction.
103. In ____________________ communication, two callers exchange information over a single frequency and
must wait for the other person to finish before speaking.
104. ____________________ transmission allows both parties to speak at once, using one frequency to speak
and one to listen.
105. The base stations coordinate signal strength detection through a switching center called a
___________________________________.
106. There is a transparent transfer from the base station of one cell to the base station of another, and an
associated change in the frequency channel that carries the transmission. This process is called a
____________________.
107. The main components of a cellular system are the base station antenna and control unit in each cell, the
mobile devices that communicate with each base station, and an ___________________________________.
108. When a user turns on a cell phone or other wireless device, it scans for the strongest
____________________ channel.
109. One important design characteristic of a cellular network is its ____________________ method, the
approach that allows numerous mobile users to share a transmission medium within the same cell.
110. CDMA supports more users within the same cell and provides higher data rates than FDMA and
______________________________.
111. Another network standard that could enable further network convergence is the emerging broadband
wireless technology known as __________________________________________________.
112. WiMAX is actually another name for the formal networking standard known as IEEE
____________________.
113. List some services that may be offered by devices such Blackberries, iPhones, and Treos.
114. List the Bluetooth radio classes.
115. Explain the difference between FHSS and DSSS.
116. Explain how a pseudo-random code may be generated for spread spectrum applications.
117. Discuss how frequency reuse may be implemented within a cellular network to conserve frequency usage.
118. List the main components of a cellular system.
119. Explain the concept of FDMA.
120. Explain the concept of TDMA.
121. Explain the conecpt of CDMA.
122. Elaborate on some of the features of WiMAX.