Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 12th Edition
Chapter 18: Nervous Regulation of the Circulation, and Rapid Control of Arterial
Pressure
Test Bank
1. Blood is withdrawn from a 56-year-old male with a five year history of congestive heart
failure. Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide
are elevated. An increase in which of the following is the most likely explanation for the
increase in plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide?
A. Arterial pressure
B. Renal vascular resistance
C. Venous hydrostatic pressure
D. Atrial pressure
E. Cardiac output
2. A 22-year-old male enters the hospital emergency room after severing a major artery
during a motorcycle accident. It is estimated that the patient lost approximately 700 mL
of blood. His blood pressure is 90/55 mmHg. A decrease in which of the following would
be expected in response to hemorrhage in this man?
A. Heart rate
B. Sympathetic nerve activity
C. Total peripheral resistance
D. Plasma renin activity
E. Number of impulses from the carotid sinus
3. Which one of the following sets of physiological changes would be expected to occur in
a person who stands up from a supine position?
Venous Hydrostatic Parasympathetic Renal Blood
Pressure in Legs Nerve Activity Flow
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
4. A tie is placed around a carotid artery and then pulled to partially constrict the vessel.
Constriction of the carotid artery would most likely result in which one of the following
sets of physiological changes?
Number of Impulses Heart Total
From the Carotid Sinus Rate Peripheral Resistance
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
5. An increase in atrial pressure results in which one of the following?
A. A decrease in plasma atrial natriuritic peptide (ANP)
B. An increase in plasma angiotensin II concentration
C. An increase in plasma aldosterone concentration
D. An increase in sodium excretion
6. A tie is placed around a carotid artery and then pulled to partially constrict the vessel.
Constriction of the carotid artery would most likely result in which one of the following
sets of physiological changes?
Vagal Heart Venous
Tone Rate Compliance
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
7. A 25-year-old male enters the hospital emergency room after severing a major artery
during a farm accident. It is estimated that the patient lost approximately 800 mL of
blood. His mean blood pressure is 65 mmHg. His heart rate is elevated as a result of
activation of the chemoreceptor reflex. Which of the following set of changes in plasma
concentration would be expected to activate the chemoreceptor reflex?
Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Hydrogen
A.
Test Bank
18-3
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
8. Which one of the following sets of physiological changes would be expected to occur in
a person who stands up from a supine position?
Sympathetic Nerve Heart Total Peripheral
Activity Rate Resistance
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
9. A balloon catheter is advanced from the superior vena cava into the heart and inflated to
increase atrial pressure by 10 mmHg. Which one of the following set of physiological
changes would be expected to occur in response to the elevated atrial pressure?
Renal Sympathetic Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Sodium Excretion
Nerve Activity
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
10. A healthy 30-year-old man stands up from a supine position. Which of the following set
of cardiovascular changes is most likely to have occurred?
Total Peripheral Heart Rate Sympathetic Nerve
Resistance Activity
Test Bank
18-4
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
11. Which one of the following would be expected to occur during a Cushing reaction?
A. An increase in parasympathetic activity
B. A decrease in arterial pressure
C. A decrease in heart rate
D. An increase in sympathetic activity