78) The first commercially available female contraceptive drug was approved by the FDA in
A) 1935.
B) 1950.
C) 1960.
D) 1975.
79) Which of the following statements about how ECPs and RU-486 work is most correct?
A) Both ECPs and RU-486 prevent pregnancy.
B) ECPs prevent pregnancy, while RU-486 ends pregnancy at an early stage.
C) ECPs end pregnancy at an early stage, while RU-486 prevents pregnancy.
D) Both ECPs and RU-486 end pregnancy at an early stage.
80) Which of the following types of drugs is NOT used in the treatment of high blood pressure?
A) beta blockers
B) calcium channel blockers
C) diuretics
D) sulfa drugs
81) Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for approximately ________ of deaths in the United States.
A) 12%
B) 25%
C) 34%
D) 50%
82) Which of the following is NOT a major goal of drugs that are used for cardiovascular diseases?
A) lowering blood pressure
B) normalizing heart rhythm
C) preventing accumulation of lipid plaque deposits in blood vessels
D) preventing bacterial infections
83) Which of the following is NOT used for treating hypertension?
A) beta blockers
B) calcium channel blockers
C) depressants
D) diuretics
84) Diuretics
A) inhibit an enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract.
B) cause muscles surrounding blood vessel to relax.
C) slow the heart rate and lower the force of the heartbeat.
D) cause the kidneys to excrete more water and thus lower blood volume.
85) A very common illegal drug that has a common effect of a heightened enjoyment of food is
A) heroin.
B) estradiol.
C) marijuana.
D) ethanol.
86) Which of the following would NOT be classified as a psychotropic drug?
A) an antipyretic
B) a depressant
C) an hallucinogenic
D) a stimulant
87) A depressant drug
A) reduces the level of consciousness.
B) increase alertness.
C) increases anger.
D) increases breathing.
88) Which of the following types of drugs qualitatively alters the way in which we perceive the world?
A) depressants
B) hallucinogens
C) neurotransmitters
D) stimulants
89) Nerve cells are called
A) nerve receivers.
B) neurons.
C) electrons.
D) nucleotides.
90) The fluid filled gaps that separate individual neurons are called
A) gaps.
B) axons.
C) dendrites.
D) synapses.
91) Chemicals that are released into the synapses during nerve transmissions and cause changes into
receiving cells are called
A) neurons.
B) nerve chemicals.
C) amphetamines.
D) neurotransmitters.
92) The common name of epinephrine is
A) androgen.
B) amphetamine.
C) adrenaline.
D) codeine.
93) Abnormal metabolism of what neurotransmitter is believed to be involved in depression?
A) serotonin
B) norepinephrine
C) epinephrine
D) estradiol
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94) Norepinephrine agonists
A) destroy norepinephrine.
B) mimic norepinephrine.
C) block neural receptor sites for norepinephrine.
D) all of the above
95) Norepinephrine antagonists
A) destroy norepinephrine.
B) mimic norepinephrine.
C) block neural receptor sites for norepinephrine.
D) all of the above
96) Serotonin is produced in the body from the amino acid
A) tyrosine.
B) histidine.
C) cysteine.
D) tryptophan.
97) What neurotransmitter is considered as possibly being involved in the feeling of “love”?
A) adrenaline
B) testosterone
C) β-phenylethylamine (PEA)
D) norepinephrine
98) Enantiomers are molecules that show handedness and contain at least one chiral carbon. A chiral
carbon has ________ different group(s) attached to it.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 1
D) 4
99) The first successful general anesthetic was
A) diethyl ether.
B) nitrous oxide.
C) nitrogen.
D) chloroform.
100) Chloroform is
A) CF4.
B) CHCl3.
C) CCl2F2.
D) CCl3F.
101) The compound that is NOT a local anesthetic is
A) procaine.
B) caffeine.
C) bupivacaine.
D) etidocaine.
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102) The anesthetic (or intoxicating) dose of most volatile organics, like chloroform, is very close to the
A) lethal dose.
B) stimulant dose.
C) therapeutic dose.
D) hallucinogenic dose.
103) The first successful local anesthetic was
A) nicotine.
B) cocaine.
C) ethanol.
D) novocaine.
104) Ketamine is a
A) narcotic.
B) local anesthetic.
C) dissociative anesthetic.
D) stimulant.
105) It is speculated that the reason users of PCP often experience “flashbacks” is that PCP is
A) stored in the brain.
B) decomposed slowly.
C) fat soluble.
D) water soluble.
106) The most abused drug is
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A) acetaminophen.
B) barbiturate.
C) ethanol.
D) propanol.
107) Barbiturates are
A) pyretics.
B) depressants.
C) hair rejuvenators.
D) hallucinogens.
108) In small doses, barbiturates act as
A) stimulants.
B) sedatives.
C) analgesics.
D) poisons.
109) An acquaintance has a few alcoholic drinks after taking some barbiturates that have already made
him appear drunk. Your acquaintance will most likely
A) sober up at once.
B) stay drunk for days.
C) have a hangover in the morning.
D) die.
110) The interaction of two drugs to give an effect markedly greater than either alone is called
A) addiction.
B) activation.
C) stimulation.
D) synergism.
111) Which one of the following is strictly a synthetic drug?
A) phenobarbital
B) endorphin
C) morphine
D) THC
112) Which of the following groups of compounds would NOT be considered to be antianxiety agents?
A) cephalosporins
B) benzodiazepines
C) phenothiazides
D) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
113) The amphetamines are structurally similar to
A) neurotransmitters.
B) narcotics.
C) hormones.
D) prostaglandins.
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114) Amphetamines are
A) stimulants.
B) depressants.
C) narcotics.
D) endorphins.
115) Amphetamines are
A) alcohols.
B) amines.
C) carboxylic acids.
D) acid halides.
116) Caffeine is a mild
A) beta blocker.
B) antidiarrhea drug.
C) stimulant.
D) neuroreceiver.
117) Nicotine
A) is a mild stimulant.
B) is present in tobacco.
C) is widely used as an insecticide.
D) all of the above
118) Cocaine is a local anesthetic and a powerful
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A) barbiturate.
B) narcotic.
C) amphetamine.
D) stimulant.
119) Crack cocaine is
A) the hydrochloride salt of cocaine.
B) the free base form of cocaine.
C) a more potent derivative of cocaine.
D) synthetic cocaine.
120) Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________ by nerve cells.
A) dopamine
B) epinephrine
C) norepinephrine
D) serotonin
121) LSD is a(n)
A) analgesic.
B) barbiturate.
C) hallucinogen.
D) flu medicine.
122) The physiological properties of LSD were
A) predicted from its structure.
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B) designed into the molecule by Albert Hoffman.
C) discovered in a chemical laboratory serendipitously.
D) first tested on mice.
123) LSD is derived from a natural product found in
A) opium.
B) rye fungus.
C) pig manure.
D) certain mushrooms.
124) The principal active ingredient in marijuana is
A) APAP.
B) PEA.
C) RNA.
D) THC.
125) Which of the following would NOT be classified as an hallucinogen?
A) LSD
B) mescaline
C) PEA
D) dimethyltryptamine
126) Which of the following phenomena can occur when an inactive substance is given to a patient in the
form of medication?
A) vomiting
B) placebo effect
C) drug intolerance
D) rash
127) Which of the following is an example of drug abuse?
A) the use of penicillin to treat the common cold
B) the use of marijuana to alter sensory perceptions
C) the use of generic drugs
D) the use of a placebo
128) Which of the following is an example of drug misuse?
A) the use of penicillin to treat the common cold
B) the use of a nocebo
C) the use of generic drugs
D) the use of a placebo
1) Paul Ehrlich first used the term “chemotherapy” to describe the use of chemicals to control or cure
infectious disease.
2) Every single ingredient analgesic product on the market today contains one of four ingredients. One of
the ingredients is aspirin.
3) The use of aspirin to treat children’s fevers has a strong link to the onset of Reye’s syndrome.
4) Different brands of naproxen contain different types of naproxen.
5) Aspirin is an effective pain reliever.
6) There is no cure or prevention for the common cold.
7) There are no problems associated with the wide spread use of antibiotics.
8) Antibiotics are effective against viral infections.
9) Nucleoside analogs are used to treat AIDS.
10) The enzyme reverse transcriptase can synthesize RNA from DNA.
11) Vaccines are available to provide protection against most viral diseases.
12) An antimetabolite is a compound that closely resembles a substance that is needed for normal body
metabolism and that interferes with physiological reactions involving it.
13) Methotrexate is an alkylating agent that works by binding to the DNA of rapidly growing cells and
preventing the replication of DNA.
14) Prostaglandins are 20-carbon lipids that act like hormones.
15) Progestins mimic the effects of pregnancy and thus prevent ovulation.
16) Nitric oxide (NO) is necessary for maintaining blood pressure and establishing long-term memory.
17) There are three classes of psychotropic drugs: stimulants, depressants and hallucinogens.
18) Neurotransmitters released from a presynaptic vesicle will fit into one or more receptor sites on a
postsynaptic cell.
19) LSD mimics the feeling much like “falling in love.”
20) The most commonly prescribed drugs now are barbiturates.
21) Tricyclic antidepressants are safer and more easily tolerated than selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs).
22) Both isomeric forms of drugs that exist as stereoisomers are equally effective in treatment.
23) Worldwide, people spend more money for illegal drugs than for food.
24) A placebo is an inactive substance that is given to some patients when the effectiveness of a new drug
is being tested.
18.3 Short Answer Questions
1) People who are susceptible to bleeding can take acetaminophen because it is NOT a(n) ________.
2) An antipyretic is a drug that reduces ________.
3) AIDS stands for ________.
4) Antimetabolites are a class of anticancer agents that interfere with ________.
5) Is insulin a protein or a steroid?
6) PGE2α is a(n) ________ that is used to induce the release of many ova from a prize cow in cattle
breeding.
7) An important class of hormone mediators is the ________.
8) Compounds that mimic the behavior of progesterone are called ________.
9) Drugs that affect the human mind are called ________ drugs.
1) The term “chemotherapy” has been around for over 90 years. What are its origins and what does it
mean?
2) What are the limitations and side effects of acetaminophen?
3) Compare the leading causes of death in the United States in 1900 and 2011. Is there a significant
difference? Why?
4) Describe how tetracycline works.
5) How may diet be related to the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain?
6) What are the three components of addiction?
7) The frequency of heroin overdose among heroin addicts fluctuates significantly over time. Health
officials believe this is related to the quality of the drug on the street. Explain and comment.
8) Discuss the impact of ethanol abuse on society.