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Chapter 18: The Shī‘ah Alternative and Regional Developments
Fill in Blank
1. A temporary marriage is known as a _________.
2. The “divinely guided one” who will appear before the end of the world is known as the
__________.
3. In 1875, Sir Sayyid founded a Muslim Anglo-Oriental College at ‘Aligarh (now ‘Aligarh
University) where courses in __________ accompanied the study of Muslim religion.
4. The _________ believe that ‘Alī was the divinely designated leader of Islam following the
death of Muhammad.
5. Temporary marriage was created for short-term contractual marriages that allowed for sexual
relations without __________.
6. Although not a Qur’ānic practice, Sūfīs and common people continue to visit the tombs of
__________.
7. The celebration at the end of Ramadan is called _________.
8. The _________ exposed Christians to Muslim science, philosophy, and culture.
9. The _________, an example of Islamic architecture, is thought to be the most perfect
building in the world.
10. _________ is the country that has suffered more conflict in the last three decades than any
other Muslim country.
Multiple Choice
11. Muhammad’s descendants, the “Ahl al–Bayt,” are known as the _________.
a. children of God
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b. people of the house
c. pure of heart
d. solemn ones
12. Around the time of the sixth imām, the principle of nass, which allows _________,
developed.
a. interpretation of scripture to select the next imām
b. Sūfīs to divine the next imām
c. the people to elect an imām
d. the preceding imām to choose the next imām
13. Many years after his death, _________ was given the title of “Lord of All Martyrs” because
it was believed that he had been poisoned.
a. al-Hasan
b. al-Husayn
c. ‘Umar
d. Yazid
14. The Zadites believe that __________ was the fifth imām.
a. Ali Zain al-Abīdīn
b. Jafar al-Sādiq
c. Muhammad al-Bāqir
d. Muhammad al-Kāzim
15. The Ismā‘īlites (Seveners) believe that Ismā‘īl was wrongfully accused of __________.
a. drunkenness
b. heresy
c. infidelity
d. murder
16. The Crusaders feared the assassin leader, Rashed al-Sinān, who was also called the
_________.
a. Merchant of Death
b. Great One
c. Old Man of the Mountain
d. Sword of God
17. The ‘Alawites are a syncretic sect, and as such, celebrate _________.
a. Easter
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b. Passover
c. Ramadan
d. Zoroaster’s birth
18. The Aga Khan is a/an _________ position within the Nizārīs sect.
a. elected
b. hereditary
c. honorary
d. military
19. The term “dervish” has its roots in the Persian term “darwīsh” which means __________.
a. celibate
b. dancing
c. poor
d. whirling
20. The end of Ramadan is celebrated with a feast called _________.
a. ‘Id al-Adhā
b. ‘Id al-Fitr
c. Lailat al-Mir‘ā
d. Mawlid an-Nabī
21. Influenced by Christian tradition, the _________ began living in monastic houses.
a. ‘Alawites
b. Musta‘līs
c. Nizārīs
d. Sūfīs
22. During Lailat al-Mir‘āj, the festival of the Prophet’s Night Journey, mosques and minarets
are _________.
a. closed
b. continuously open
c. draped in black cloth
d. illuminated
23. Who are the dominant moral monitors of life in Sa‘ūdi Arabia today?
a. the imāms
b. the Sūfīs
c. the Taliban
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d. the Wahhābīs
24. Which of the following was NOT a contributor to secularism in Turkey?
a. abolition of the Sharī‘a oriented religious courts
b. establishment of civil courts
c. requirement that women wear the veil
d. support for European style dress
25. Who was the founder of the Pan-Islamic movement?
a. Jamāl al–Dīn al–Afghānī
b. Muhammad ‘Abduh
c. Mustaphā Kemāl
d. Yesut Yilmaz
26. In 1977, Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafī renounced all political titles to become __________
of the revolution.
a. commander
b. designer
c. philosopher
d. promoter
27. The Shah of Iran, Shah Mohammed Reza, was overthrown in what year?
a. 1947
b. 1968
c. 1979
d. 1984
28. Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam won respect for _________.
a. educating poor children
b. helping homeless black people
c. providing food for the poor
d. rehabilitating prisoners
29. Belief in God, nationalism, humanitarianism, social justice and democracy, the basis for the
Indonesian constitution, are collectively known as the __________.
a. Five Directions
b. Five Pillars
c. Five Principals
d. Pentacost
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30. The argument that Muslim unity might be achieved through the founding of an independent
Muslim state lead to the creation of __________.
a. Afghanistan
b. Iraq
c. Israel
d. Pakistian
31. Zia-ul-Haq came to power in Pakistan in 1971. He proposed the enforcement of zakāt
taxation to fund __________.
a. mosque construction
b. schools
c. social welfare
d. war
32. Following the death of Zia-ul-haq, __________was elected into power.
a. Ayub Khan
b. Benazir Bhutto
c. Pervez Musharraf
d. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
33. Mīrzā Ghulām Ahmād, the leader of the Ahmadiya, made it clear in his teachings that jihād
or “holy war” was to be carried out by _________.
a. force
b. Mahdī
c. preaching
d. zealots
34. Louis Farrakhan, born Louis Eugene Wolcott, was formerly recognized as a/an __________.
a. American prizefighter
b. Bermudan calypso singer
c. Cuban sugar cane farmer
d. itinerant railroad worker
35. Some of the practices of the dervish order, like veneration of the saints, were similar to
__________ practices.
a. Christian
b. Jewish
c. Sunnī
d. Wahhābī