Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.
1)
A)
expands the thoracic cage
B)
pumps a greater volume of blood
C)
sends blood through a smaller valve
D)
pumps blood against a greater resistance
2)
If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for
skeletal muscle cells, ________.
2)
A)
it would be less than 12 m
B)
tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart’s pumping action
C)
it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation
D)
contractions would last as long as the refractory period
3)
Select the correct statement about cardiac output.
3)
A)
If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected
ventricle would be decreased.
B)
Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.
C)
A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
D)
Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.
4)
Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.
4)
A)
AV valves
B)
SA node
C)
AV node
D)
AV bundle
5)
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.
5)
A)
pump blood with greater pressure
B)
pump blood through a smaller valve
C)
expand the thoracic cage during diastole
D)
accommodate a greater volume of blood
6)
The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.
6)
A)
atrial depolarization
B)
ventricular depolarization
C)
atrial repolarization
D)
ventricular repolarization
7)
The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
7)
A)
ventricular filling
B)
ventricular ejection
C)
isovolumetric contraction
D)
isovolumetric relaxation
8)
During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.
8)
A)
the action potential is initiated by voltage–gated slow calcium channels
B)
the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to cell by gap junctions
C)
some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger
amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
D)
calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have been stimulated
9)
Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?
9)
A)
Ventricles are in diastole.
B)
Ventricles are in systole.
C)
Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.
D)
AV valves are closed.
10)
If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.
10)
A)
the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
B)
the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract
C)
the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute
D)
parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate
11)
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
11)
A)
The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B)
The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the
atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.
C)
The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
D)
Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
12)
To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________.
12)
A)
fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple
B)
second intercostal space to the left of the sternum
C)
fifth right intercostal space
D)
second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
13)
Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?
13)
A)
pulmonary arteries only
B)
aorta only
C)
pulmonary veins only
D)
both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
14)
Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.
14)
A)
causing a decrease in stroke volume
B)
causing threshold to be reached more quickly
C)
decreasing heart contractility
D)
blocking the action of calcium
15)
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.
15)
A)
left ventricle
B)
left atrium
C)
right ventricle
D)
right atrium
16)
Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.
16)
A)
The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac
muscle contraction.
B)
Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve
fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate.
C)
The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle.
D)
The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
17)
A foramen ovale ________.
17)
A)
connects the two atria in the fetal heart
B)
is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum
C)
is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close
D)
is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus
18)
If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium
influx is more rapid, ________.
18)
A)
heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present
B)
potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur
C)
tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle
D)
threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase
19)
During the period of ventricular filling ________.
19)
A)
it is represented by the P wave on the ECG
B)
blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
C)
pressure in the heart is at its peak
D)
the atria remain in diastole
20)
The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.
20)
A)
coronary sinus
B)
coronary arteries
C)
fossa ovalis
D)
coronary veins
21)
When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by
________.
21)
A)
finding the papillary muscles
B)
tracing out where the auricles connect
C)
noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
D)
locating the apex
22)
Which of the following is not an age–related change affecting the heart?
22)
A)
atherosclerosis
B)
fibrosis of cardiac muscle
C)
decline in cardiac reserve
D)
thinning of the valve flaps
23)
Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.
23)
A)
lacks striations
B)
has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
C)
cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
D)
has more nuclei per cell
B
24)
The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the
transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.
24)
A)
pericarditis
B)
myocardial infarct
C)
ischemia
D)
angina pectoris
D
25)
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
25)
A)
The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
B)
The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.
C)
The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
D)
Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.
A
26)
Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.
26)
A)
no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
B)
no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
C)
a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
D)
a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
D
D
27)
The tricuspid valve is closed ________.
27)
A)
while the atrium is contracting
B)
while the ventricle is in diastole
C)
when the ventricle is in systole
D)
by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle
28)
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
28)
A)
opening and closing of the heart valves
B)
friction of blood against the chamber walls
C)
closure of the heart valves
D)
excitation of the SA node
29)
Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?
29)
A)
AV valve
B)
SA node
C)
bundle of His
D)
AV node
30)
Isovolumetric contraction ________.
30)
A)
occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
B)
refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed
chambers
C)
occurs while the AV valves are open
D)
occurs only in people with heart valve defects
31)
Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole?
31)
A)
pulmonary veins
B)
pulmonary trunk
C)
aorta
D)
venae cavae
32)
Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?
32)
A)
gender
B)
age
C)
body temperature
D)
skin color
33)
Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.
33)
A)
loss of blood from an artery
B)
mild electrical shock to the heart itself
C)
severe electrical shock to the body
D)
relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the
heart is repolarizing
34)
If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from
________.
34)
A)
a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
B)
decreased delivery of oxygen
C)
a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production
D)
an inadequate supply of lactic acid
35)
The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.
35)
A)
cardiac tamponade
B)
myocardial infarction
C)
angina pectoris
D)
pericarditis
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
36)
The ________ valve of the heart has three valves with chordae tendineae.
36)
37)
When heart valve replacement is required, the ________ valve is the most likely valve that
needs to be replaced.
37)
38)
Explain autorhythmicity in cardiac muscle cells.
38)
Explanation:
Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
39)
Left ventricle.
39)
Explanation:
Explanation:
Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
40)
AV bundle.
40)
41)
Why is oxygen so much more critical to the heart muscle than to skeletal muscles?
41)
Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
42)
Bundle branches.
42)
Figure 18.3
Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
43)
Second–degree heart block.
43)
44)
Junctional rhythm.
44)
Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
45)
AV node.
45)
46)
What is the functional importance of the intercalated discs of cardiac muscle? What is the
functional importance of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
46)
Figure 18.4
Using Figure 18.4, match the following:
47)
Pulmonary veins.
47)
48)
What two important functions does the cardiac conduction system perform?
48)
49)
The pacemaker rhythm that determines heart rate is called ________ rhythm.
49)
Figure 18.3
Using Figure 18.3, match the following:
50)
Normal sinus rhythm.
50)
51)
Heart murmurs or rubs are considered to be ________ sounds.
51)
52)
The ECG ________ wave interval represents ventricular repolarization.
52)
Figure 18.1
Using Figure 18.1, match the following:
53)
Purkinje fibers.
53)