Chemistry for Changing Times, 14e (Hill/McCreary)
Chapter 18 Drugs
18.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following provides the best definition of a drug? It is a chemical substance that
A) is a pain-reliever.
B) can be used to treat an illness.
C) can be used to improve one’s state of health or well–being.
D) affects the functioning of living things.
2) Which of the following is NOT a natural source of drugs?
A) Madagascar periwinkle
B) poppies
C) microorganisms
D) All are natural sources of drugs.
3) Which of the following is NOT a semisynthetic drug?
A) aspirin
B) heroin
C) LSD
D) morphine
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4) Studies seem to indicate that small daily doses of aspirin lower the risk of
A) heart attack.
B) anthrax.
C) cancer.
D) polio.
5) The evidence that aspirin may lower risk of stroke seems to be related to its
A) antipyretic properties.
B) analgesic properties.
C) anti-inflammatory properties.
D) anti-coagulant properties.
6) Prolonged use of aspirin may lead to
A) mental disorders.
B) gastrointestinal problems.
C) joint swelling.
D) liver damage.
7) Salicyclic acid, the precursor to aspirin, is found in
A) ginkgo leaves.
B) willow leaves.
C) oak bark.
D) star fruit.
8) NSAIDs
A) encourage blood clotting.
B) slow down baldness.
C) reduce body temperature.
D) reduce nausea.
9) You want a very powerful pain reliever that is significantly “stronger than aspirin” to relieve pain
following surgery. You get it by
A) taking Excedrin.
B) taking Anacin.
C) taking Advil.
D) obtaining a prescription.
10) A “nonaspirin pain reliever” usually does NOT mean
A) a stronger dose of aspirin.
B) naproxen.
C) ibuprofen.
D) caffeine.
11) The fact that acetaminophen is prescribed more frequently in hospitals than aspirin is probably due to
the fact that acetaminophen is NOT
A) an anticoagulant.
B) an antipyretic.
C) an anti-inflammatory.
D) synthetic.
12) Which of the following is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
A) acetaminophen.
B) caffeine.
C) phenacetin.
D) ibuprofen.
13) An antipyretic is a drug that relieves
A) fever.
B) inflammation.
C) allergic symptoms.
D) pain.
14) After dental surgery, the physician usually recommends acetaminophen rather than aspirin for relief
of pain because
A) acetaminophen is less expensive.
B) acetaminophen is more effective for relief of pain.
C) acetaminophen is more effective for reduction of inflammation.
D) aspirin promotes bleeding.
15) Which of the following types of drugs would be used as a pain reliever?
A) analgesic
B) antibiotic
C) antipyretic
D) anticoagulant
16) The only expectorant that the FDA panel has approved to be safe and effective is
A) ephedrine.
B) codeine.
C) cocaine.
D) guaifenesin.
17) According to the author of the text, which of the following is believed by many to the best treatment
for the common cold?
A) chicken soup
B) antitussives
C) expectorants
D) nasal decongestants
18) Antihistamines are chemicals that
A) cure colds.
B) relieve some of the symptoms of allergies and colds.
C) relieve aches and pains associated with colds and flu.
D) relieve fevers.
19) Which of the following symptoms will be relieved by antihistamines?
A) sleeplessness.
B) drowsiness.
C) irritability.
D) sneezing and runny nose.
20) A substance that causes an allergic reaction triggers the release of a class of substances known as
A) allergens.
B) antibodies.
C) antigens.
D) histamines.
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21) Which of the following types of drugs would be used as a cough suppressant?
A) analgesic
B) anticoagulant
C) antipyretic
D) antitussive
22) An expectorant
A) reduces the swelling of nasal passages.
B) helps bring up mucus from the bronchial passages.
C) lowers a fever.
D) increases the effectiveness of neurotransmitters.
23) A “black box” warning is
A) a list of ingredients in a black box.
B) the strongest warning a medicine label can provide.
C) a list of uses in a black box.
D) dosage requirements in a black box.
24) An example of a narcotic is
A) aspirin.
B) naproxen.
C) meperidine.
D) vitamin E.
25) A side effect of morphine use is
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A) itching.
B) hair less.
C) constipation.
D) flu symptons.
26) Endorphins appear to be the body’s own
A) analgesics.
B) antipyretics.
C) anti-inflammatories.
D) anticoagulants.
27) Endorphins are composed of
A) morphinelike molecules.
B) amino acids.
C) glucose.
D) nucleic acids.
28) There is some evidence that ________ are produced by humans during acupuncture.
A) acetaminophen molecules
B) endorphin molecules
C) aspirin molecules
D) all of the above
29) In the nineteenth century, this natural product was a common ingredient in many “patent medicines.”
A) acetaminophen
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B) novocaine
C) LSD
D) opium
30) “Soldier’s disease” after the U.S. Civil War was
A) dysentery.
B) infection.
C) blindness.
D) morphine addiction.
31) Codeine is usually produced as a
A) completely synthetic drug.
B) slight chemical modification of cocaine.
C) slight chemical modification of morphine.
D) slight chemical modification of opium.
32) Heroin is an easy to prepare derivative of
A) morphine.
B) codeine.
C) cocaine.
D) phenobarbital.
33) The frequency of heroin overdose among heroin addicts is probably the result of
A) decreasing tolerance to the drug.
B) variable quality control among heroin suppliers.
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C) synergistic effects with alcohol.
D) reuse of hypodermic needles.
34) Which compound was originally proposed as a “cure” for morphine addiction?
A) codeine
B) heroin
C) cocaine
D) aspirin
35) Methadone, an addictive narcotic, is used as a treatment for
A) schizophrenia.
B) high blood pressure.
C) depression.
D) heroin addiction.
36) Drugs that block the action of other substances are called
A) agonists.
B) antagonists.
C) addictives.
D) analgesics.
37) Heroin antagonists are effective at
A) speeding up the breakdown of heroin.
B) chemically modifying heroin to make it less narcotic.
C) enhancing the euphoria associated with heroin.
D) blocking the binding of heroin to receptors in the brain.
38) The discovery of opiate receptors in the human brain led to the discovery of
A) amphetamines.
B) barbiturates.
C) endorphins.
D) LSD.
39) In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was
A) heart disease.
B) infectious disease.
C) cancer.
D) stroke.
40) The first antibacterial drugs were
A) sulfa drugs.
B) ibuprofen.
C) penicillin.
D) naproxin.
41) In 1900, half of the top ten causes of death in the United States were related to
A) heart disease.
B) infections.
C) cancer.
D) accidents.
42) In 2009, the leading cause of death in the United States was
A) heart disease.
B) infectious disease.
C) cancer.
D) accidents.
43) The simplest sulfa drug is
A) fluoroquinolone.
B) ephedrine.
C) sulfanilamide.
D) iodine.
44) One of the disadvantages of sulfa drugs is
A) damage to the kidneys.
B) damage to the brain.
C) that they cause euphoria.
D) damage to the liver.
45) Which antibacterial drug interferes with the formation of cell walls in bacteria?
A) sulfa drugs
B) penicillin
C) tetracyclines
D) PABA
46) Compounds related to penicillins are
A) cephalosporins.
B) NSAIDs.
C) opiates.
D) sulfanilamides.
47) Tetracyclines bind to bacterial ribosomes and inhibit bacterial
A) energy conversion.
B) cell membrane formation.
C) DNA replication in the cell nucleus.
D) protein synthesis.
48) Drugs in the tetracycline group are called broad-spectrum antibiotics because they
A) require exposure to light in order to be effective.
B) are active against a wide variety of bacteria.
C) have very few side-effects.
D) do not have any organisms that are resistant to them.
49) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a
A) bacterial infection.
B) viral infection.
C) mutagenic disease.
D) genetically inherited disease.
50) HIV is the virus that causes
A) AIDS.
B) hypertension.
C) the common cold.
D) chickenpox.
51) ddI is a drug used to treat
A) AIDS.
B) chickenpox.
C) vomiting.
D) herpes.
52) The genetic material of a virus is
A) always DNA.
B) either DNA or RNA.
C) always RNA.
D) neither RNA or DNA.
53) Viruses are usually composed of combinations of
A) carbohydrates and nucleic acids.
B) proteins and nucleic acids.
C) fats and proteins.
D) proteins and carbohydrates.
54) In infected cells, DNA viruses directly
A) interfere with DNA replication.
B) interfere with cell membrane construction.
C) interfere with protein synthesis.
D) interfere with all of the above cell processes.
55) Retroviruses are
A) RNA viruses that synthesize DNA.
B) RNA viruses that interfere directly with protein synthesis.
C) DNA viruses that synthesize RNA.
D) DNA viruses that interfere directly with protein synthesis.
56) In infected cells, RNA viruses directly
A) interfere with carbohydrate synthesis.
B) interfere with cell membrane construction.
C) interfere with protein synthesis.
D) interfere with all of the above cell processes.
57) Which of the following are NOT used as antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV and AIDS?
A) antipyretics
B) nucleoside analogs
C) protease inhibitors
D) reverse transcriptase inhibitors
58) Which of the following is NOT true of combinatorial chemistry?
A) A set of chemicals is reacted to form all possible combinations.
B) Each product is tested for biological activity.
C) The process of combinatorial chemistry is highly automated.
D) Most of the compounds made are used as effective drugs.
59) Which of the following statements about vaccines is NOT correct?
A) Smallpox vaccinations are no longer given in the United States.
B) The MMR vaccine should be given to children before they enter kindergarten.
C) There is no proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism.
D) One of the earliest vaccines protected people against smallpox.
60) One class of cancer drugs is the antimetabolites. These compounds interfere with
A) DNA synthesis.
B) energy conversion.
C) protein synthesis.
D) cell membrane production.
61) Some nitrogen mustards that were originally developed as chemical warfare agents are used in the
treatment of
A) hypertension.
B) viral infection.
C) cancer.
D) AIDS.
62) Nitrogen mustards are
A) bifunctional alkylating agents that act by cross-linking two DNA strands.
B) antimetabolites that are incorporated into proteins.
C) pseudo fatty acids that interfere with the synthesis of cell membranes.
D) quaternary amines that inhibit cell division.
63) Nitrogen mustards have been proven particularly effective against which type of cancer?
A) leukemia
B) lung cancer
C) stomach cancer
D) brain cancer
64) A widely used anticancer drug is methotrexate. Methotrexate is a(n)
A) antimetabolite agent.
B) alkylating agent.
C) radioactive agent.
D) light induced agent.
65) The nitrogen mustards act by attaching ________ groups to compounds of biological importance.
A) carboxyl
B) amine
C) chlorine
D) alkyl
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66) The nitrogen mustard used in drug therapy is
A) HN1.
B) HN2.
C) Cytoxan.
D) HN3.
67) Hormones are produced by the
A) cardiovascular system.
B) central nervous system.
C) endocrine system.
D) auditory system.
68) A class of molecules that works at very low concentrations in mediating hormonal activity has been
studied and used to treat a variety of problems, including blood pressure, heart disease, and asthma. This
group of compounds is known as the
A) hormones.
B) prostaglandins.
C) amino acids.
D) polymers.
69) Cholesterol is an example of
A) a steroid with very specific hormonal activity.
B) a steroid with very general hormonal activity.
C) a steroid with reproductive hormonal activity.
D) a steroid with no known hormonal activity.
70) The female sex hormones that control the development of female characteristics are called
A) cortisols.
B) estrogens.
C) NSAIDs.
D) androgens.
71) Male sex hormones are produced in the
A) brain.
B) adrenal gland.
C) testes.
D) pancreas.
72) The female sex hormone that is particularly important during pregnancy is
A) androgen.
B) estrogen.
C) estradiol.
D) progesterone.
73) Compounds that have the same characteristic skeletal, four-ring structure are
A) sugars.
B) steroids.
C) proteins.
D) amino acids.
74) The general name for the male sex hormones is
A) androgens.
B) estrogens.
C) progesterones.
D) testosterones.
75) Which of the following is NOT a steroid?
A) arachidonic acid
B) testosterone
C) cortisol
D) methandrostenolone
76) Female birth control drugs attempt to mimic the structure and properties of
A) testosterone.
B) norethindrone.
C) estrone.
D) progesterone.
77) RU-486 is a drug that blocks the action of progesterone and
A) prevents pregnancy.
B) ends pregnancy.
C) promotes pregnancy.
D) prevents bleeding during pregnancy.