1. What percentage of pregnant women answered positively when asked if they had used alcohol in the past 30 days in
a study cited by your text?
a. 4.5 percent
b. 5.1 percent
c. 8.7 percent
d. 7.6 percent
2. What has been found to help reduce the number and severity of drug-induced consequences during pregnancy?
a. Prenatal visits with a doctor
b. Putting pregnant, drug-abusing women in jail
c. Warning labels on alcohol and tobacco products
d. Substance abuse treatment
3. The effects of toxins on a fetus, especially during the first trimester, are
a. insignificant.
b. only concerning if the mother has a substance addiction.
c. magnified.
d. only concerning if more than one drug is ingested.
4. According to your text, which of the following statements is true?
a. There is a relationship between maternal substance use, depression and attempted suicide following birth.
b. Scientists have been able to clearly identify a specific pattern in children born to drug-abusing mothers.
c. Unless a child develops fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, children born to drug-abusing mothers are not at a
higher risk developmentally than children born to non-drug-abusing mothers.
d. Most women of childbearing age with substance abuse disorders get the appropriate treatment needed.
5. According to your text, what percentage of women use alcohol during pregnancy?
a. 1.5 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 10.8 percent
d. 8.10 percent
6. Alcohol​doesnotpassintoamother’sbreastmilk.
a. True
b. False
7. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences of prenatal exposure to amphetamines?
a. Visual cortex dysfunction
b. Facial abnormalities
c. Premature birth
d. Congenital brain lesions
8. The authors do not recommend nicotine replacement therapy as a way to help pregnant smokers quit.
a. True
b. False
9. Preliminary research suggests that congenital growth problems are _____ more common in infants of MDMA
abusing mothers than normal.
a. 2 times
b. 3.5 times
c. 5 times
d. 7 times
10. Inhalant abuse during pregnancy seems to be connected to which of the following outcomes?
a. Fetal death
b. Ataxia following birth
c. Growth retardation
d. All of these answers
11. TheconcentrationofTHC,theactiveingredientinmarijuana,isfoundtobe____higherinthemother’sbreastmilk
thaninthemother’sbloodlevel.
a. 1.5 times
b. 3 times
c. 4.5 times
d. 6 times
12. One reason why neonatal exposure to alcohol or the drugs of abuse in the first trimester is potentially dangerous is
because
a. this is a time of organ differentiation and rapid growth of these immature organs, making them especially
vulnerable to toxins in the fetal circulation.
b. althoughtheneonate’sliverisfullydeveloped,itistoosmalltocopewiththedosesofalcoholorillicitdrugs
used by an adult.
c. thefetus’livercanbiotransformthesecompoundsfasterthanmaternalcirculationcanacceptthemfor
transport to the kidneys, forcing them to back up in the fetal circulation.
d. these compounds all increase maternal blood flow rates so much that the fetal circulation is overwhelmed and
fetal blood pressure rises.
13. When a pregnant woman ingests alcohol, the blood alcohol level of the fetus will
a. reachtwicethatofthemother’sbloodalcohollevelwithin30minutes.
b. reachapproximatelythesamelevelasthemother’sin15minutes.
c. reachthesamelevelasthemother’sblood,butbebiotransformedmorerapidlybythefetus’liverandthen
eliminated from the fetal circulation.
d. only reach 15 percent of the maternal blood level.
14. According to your text, _________ meet diagnostic criteria for admission to treatment for a substance use disorder.
a. 10 percent of all women
b. 10 percent of all women of childbearing age
c. 10 percent of women who are pregnant
d. 85 percent of all women of childbearing age
15. A danger of disulfiram use during pregnancy is that it might
a. result in higher levels of lead in the fetal circulation, resulting in hepatoxicity.
b. result in higher levels of lead in the fetal circulation, resulting in neurotoxicity.
c. result in higher levels of ganglioside inhibition in the brain.
d. have no effect at all, as the lead in the maternal circulation is unable to cross the placental barrier.
16. The vast pool of research data addressing maternal amphetamine use during pregnancy
a. suggests that these compounds result in a baby that will be addicted to amphetamines following birth.
b. suggests that these compounds make the concurrent use of opioids by the mother less likely.
c. does not exist as this has not been the subject of much research in the clinical literature.
d. suggests that the long-term effects for the fetus are about the same as maternal opioid addiction during
pregnancy.
17. Premature birth ___________ of maternal amphetamine use during pregnancy.
a. is a possible consequence
b. is usually seen in cases
c. is never seen in cases
d. is seen in about 50 percent of the cases
18. Because of developmental immaturity in the liver and organs of elimination, the neonatal withdrawal syndrome for
short- and intermediate-acting barbiturates
a. usually starts 10-14 days after delivery.
b. usually starts within the first 4 days following delivery.
c. requires exposure to barbiturate residue in maternal breast milk to be triggered.
d. is only seen if the mother has been abusing short-term barbiturates, as long-acting compounds are self-
tapering and thus not a problem.
19. It has been estimated that _________ of the women who give birth each year in the U.S. smoke cigarettes, and did
so during pregnancy.
a. 5-15 percent
b. 16-30 percent
c. 8-10 percent
d. ​4050percent
20. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is thought to account for
a. 90 percent of the problem of low birth weight in the United States.
b. 35 percent of the problem of perinatal death each year in the United States.
c. 15 percent of the problem of maternal malnutrition during pregnancy in the United States.
d. 5 percent of the problem of perinatal death each year in the United States.
21. It is difficult to identify the effects of maternal cocaine abuse on pregnancy because
a. the last wave of cocaine abuse peaked in the late 1990s, leaving little motivation for foundations to fund
research in this area.
b. most pregnant cocaine abusers also abuse other compounds known to affect fetal growth and development.
c. the infants tend to suffer from sleep apnea following birth, which alters cognitive function.
d. the close association between maternal cocaine abuse and sudden infant death syndrome makes it impossible
to conduct such research.
22. The abuse of Salvia Divinorum by a woman prior to and during pregnancy
a. is not recommended.
b. has been proven to have no effect on the fetus.
c. has about the same impact on fetal growth and development as does the abuse of cocaine.
d. is twice as dangerous to the fetus as the abuse of cocaine during pregnancy.
23. Marijuana use by a woman who is pregnant
a. might possibly interfere with fetal endocannabinoid function.
b. has been shown to have no effect on fetal endocannabinoid function.
c. might possibly interfere with fetal cardiac development.
d. has been shown to interfere with the development of the inner ear structures of the fetus.
24. The symptoms of early narcotics withdrawal are
a. so distinct from those of narcotics addiction/withdrawal that most physicians can tell the difference
immediately.
b. extremely similar to the symptoms of early pregnancy.
c. usually very different for a pregnant woman addicted to narcotics than for a woman of the same age who is
pregnant but not addicted to narcotics.
d. more intense for the pregnant woman who is addicted to narcotics than for a woman of the same age who is
pregnant but not addicted to narcotics.
25. In the not too distant past, opiate withdrawal for the infant born to a woman who was addicted to narcotics
a. had a 90 percent mortality rate.
b. caused the infant to eat more than normal infants of the same age.
c. did not result in a neonatal withdrawal syndrome as the narcotics were unable to cross the placental barrier to
enter the fetal circulation.
d. was less intense than narcotics withdrawal for the mother, who was usually addicted to opiates longer than 9
months.
26. Aspirin use during pregnancy
a. hasbeenacceptedasstandardpracticeexceptforwomenwhohavethe“aspirintriad”ofsymptoms.
b. has been standard practice during the first two trimesters of pregnancy, but not after that.
c. istobeavoidedexceptunderaphysician’ssupervision.
d. is found not to affect fetal blood development and is thus safe for the fetus.
27. Discusssomeofthegeneralissuesinvolvingpregnancyanddrug/alcoholuse.​
28. Describe fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)/fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in terms of the history of the
disorder,itseffects,andthescopeoftheproblem.​
29. Discussthepossibleeffectsofsmokingduringpregnancy.​
30. Discuss the “crack baby” fears that resulted from the peak years of the last wave of cocaine abuse. Have they
pannedout?​
31. Whataretheeffectsassociatedwithmarijuanauseduringpregnancy?​