Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
True / False
1. In the United States, the rate of teenage drug use shows increases since 1996.
a.
True
b.
False
2. The age group defined as “juvenile” is relatively the same across countries.
a.
True
b.
False
3. It is reported that economic stagnation has not affected the rise in international youth violence.
a.
True
b.
False
4. War crimes are an example of transnational crimes.
a.
True
b.
False
5. INTERPOL’s measure of worldwide homicide is considered the most accurate source of homicide statistics.
a.
True
b.
False
6. According to the text, in New Zealand, the specialized youth aid sections of the police departments have reportedly
diverted more than half of the juvenile offenders out of the juvenile justice system.
a.
True
b.
False
7. The right to bail for juveniles in England is the similar to the juvenile rights in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
8. In Switzerland, one year is the longest period of time that a juvenile offender can be sentenced to custody.
a.
True
b.
False
9. “Developed countries” refers to those which have developed significant amounts of juvenile violence.
a.
True
b.
False
10. For the most part, teen violence in Europe has been on the decline.
a.
True
b.
False
11. One major source of youth violence in Germany has come from skinheads.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Violent crime is one of the biggest problems facing Mexico, spurred on by gang violence and the sale of illegal drugs.
a.
True
b.
False
13. The number of juvenile arrests for violent offenses in Japan peaked several years ago and then began to decline.
a.
True
b.
False
14. One reason to conduct cross-country studies would be to assess which countries have high and low delinquency rates.
a.
True
b.
False
15. The legal definition of juvenile crime does not vary from country to country.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The Council of Europe is responsible for compiling the United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of
Criminal Justice Systems.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Transnational crime and international crime are synonymous.
a.
True
b.
False
18. The fall of communism and the transition to democracy has had profound effects on juvenile crime in those countries.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The end of apartheid in South Africa has left many broken promises for its youth in terms of access to education and
opportunities for the future.
a.
True
b.
False
20. The United Nations in 1985 adopted the Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice,
otherwise known as the Beijing Rules.
a.
True
b.
False
21. In Europe, the main reason for an increase in teen violence is believed to be the tremendous growth in _____.
a.
immigrating youth populations
b.
truancy from school
c.
drug use
d.
unemployment
22. Organized government or criminal groups in South America that selectively kill members of opposing groups and
incite fear in those groups and among their supporters are known as _____.
a.
drug lords
b.
freedom fighters
c.
death squads
d.
skinheads
23. In _____, the police response to juvenile delinquency is based on a welfare approach.
a.
China
b.
Japan
c.
Korea
d.
Thailand
24. The Japanese term hikikomori means _____.
a.
freedom fighter
b.
gang member
c.
those who isolate themselves
d.
Samurai warrior
25. The _____ are best known for the violence they inflict at dance parties organized by other young people.
a.
Hooligan Boys
b.
Mafia Boys
c.
Eagles
d.
Posse
26. In Moscow, _____ led to criminal investigations against people who ordered child pornography in more than 20
nations.
a.
Operation Whistle Blower
b.
Operation Wild Flower
c.
Operation Porn Crackdown
d.
Operation Blue Orchid
27. In the United States, 62% of students report any alcohol use; in the Czech Republic and Latvia, the percentage of
students reporting any alcohol use was ___.
a.
much lower
b.
unreported
c.
much higher
d.
about the same
28. It is estimated that _____ of all crimes in Japan are committed by people under age 20.
a.
less than 10%
b.
about one-third
c.
nearly half
d.
nearly all
29. International statistics gathered by the ______ are considered the most accurate in regard to homicides.
a.
United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems
b.
World Health Organization
c.
International Criminal Police Organization
d.
International Association of Chiefs of Police
30. Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the laws of those countries is called
_____.
a.
transnational crime
b.
international crime
c.
global crime
d.
borderless crime
31. _____ has become a “’national crisis” in England.
a.
Cyberbullying
b.
Gang-related homicide
c.
Underage drinking
d.
Child prostitution
32. The Standard Minimum Rules in the Administration of Juvenile Justice, which set out principles for countries to
follow in the administration of juvenile justice, are also known as the _____.
a.
Treaty of Brussels
b.
Beijing Rules
c.
Treaty of Versailles
d.
Prague Rules
33. The latest comparative study of teenage drug use in Europe found that ____ students had used illicit drugs over their
lifetime.
a.
one in three
b.
one in five
c.
one in seven
d.
one in ten
34. In _____, a child of 6 can be held responsible for his or her criminal action.
a.
France
b.
England
c.
Sri Lanka
d.
Austria
35. In the United States, _____ states have no standard minimum age at which a young person can be held criminally
responsible.
a.
10
b.
25
c.
36
d.
41
36. By common law, states in the United States may use _____ years as the minimum age that a young person can be held
criminally responsible.
a.
6
b.
7
c.
9
d.
10
37. The countries _____ do not have juvenile courts.
a.
Austria, Russia, and Holland
b.
Denmark, Russia, and Sweden
c.
Switzerland, Romania, and Austria
d.
Sweden, Denmark, and Germany
38. In the countries of Austria, France, Italy, and _____, transfer of a juvenile to adult court is not permissible.
a.
Russia
b.
Demark
c.
Japan
d.
Switzerland
39. In _____, the precourt diversion program named Het Alternatief or HALT is utilized.
a.
Germany
b.
Switzerland
c.
Austria
d.
The Netherlands
40. While in recent years the trend has changed, _____ had maintained extremely low delinquency and crime rates in the
post–World War II era.
a.
Japan
b.
France
c.
Italy
d.
Denmark
41. For juvenile offenders in the Netherlands, a life sentence may mean serving as much as _____ years.
a.
20
b.
30
c.
50
d.
70
42. In _____, violence is the second leading cause of death behind heart disease.
a.
Brazil
b.
Sri Lanka
c.
Russia
d.
Mexico
43. Germany has been plagued with _____ since reunification in 1989.
a.
sex trafficking
b.
drug abuse
c.
skinhead violence
d.
alcohol abuse
44. In 1908 England passed legislation, known as the _____, which mandated young offenders to be treated differently
from adult offenders.
a.
Youthful Offenders Act
b.
Children Act
c.
Adolescent Protection Act
d.
Juvenile Offenders Act
45. In England, more than _____ of cases recommended for prosecution are subsequently dismissed by the prosecution.
a.
10%
b.
18%
c.
25%
d.
20%
46. In England, the _____ decide(s) whether to prosecute the juvenile or to divert him or her from prosecution.
a.
prosecutor
b.
judge
c.
court’s legal assistant
d.
police
47. In England, the _____is(are) in charge of criminal prosecutions of juveniles and adults.
a.
prosecutor
b.
judge
c.
Crown's Prosecution Service
d.
police
48. The _____ is the criminal court that deals with adult offenders or juveniles who have been transferred from youth
court.
a.
Crown Court
b.
adult court
c.
Crown's Prosecution Service
d.
criminal court
49. The sentences for violent juvenile offenders over the past two decades in England have _____.
a.
stayed relatively stable
b.
become much harsher
c.
shown no trend in any direction
d.
become more lenient
50. The opportunity for youthful offenders to receive treatment and community sentences resulted from the adoption of
which law?
a.
Criminal Justice and Public Order Act of 1994
b.
Criminal Justice and Immigration Act of 2008
c.
Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act
d.
Crime and Disorder Act of 1998
51. Discuss teen violence in Germany and France. In your opinion, does teen violence in these countries mirror teen
violence in the United States? Explain.
52. Discuss the growing problem of juvenile crime and gang violence in many African countries. In your opinion, does
teen violence in these countries mirror teen violence in the United States? Explain.
53. Discuss international juvenile policing. Is there a similarity to juvenile policing in the United States? Explain.
54. Discuss the recent study conducted by the European Crime Prevention Network (ECPN) regarding trends in juvenile
violence in European Union countries. The text indicates a problem with data collection on an international level; explain
why you believe this to be the case.
55. Discuss the general principles as put forth by the Seventh U.N. Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the
Treatment of Offenders. Are there other principles you believe should be included? Explain.
56. Compare and contrast the age of criminal responsibility at the international level. Explain your view of the age
minimums and maximums.
57. Explain Maisons de justice. Explain your view of this system.
58. Explain the English Children Act, including the three main principles. Explain your view of this Act.
59. Compare and contrast the English and American youth courts.
60. Compare and contrast juvenile drug use within the United States and Europe.
61. Those countries recognized by the United Nations as the richest countries in the world are called ____ countries.
62. Most German ____ are social misfits, with minimal education and few employment opportunities.
63. In Europe, the main reason for an increase in teen violence is linked to a rise in ____.
64. ____ are organized government or criminal groups that selectively kill members of opposing groups and incite fear in
those groups and their supporters.
65. The ____ has the most accurate international survey of homicides.
66. International comparisons involve two or more _____.
67. Crime that is carried out across the borders of two or more countries and violates the laws of those countries is called
____.
68. Crime that is punishable under international law is called ____.
69. A variety of benefits may result from comparing one country's juvenile crime experience with another country's. This
type of study, comparing one country with another, is called a ____ comparison.
70. Burglary, motor vehicle theft, vandalism, and larceny are all examples of what type of crime?
71. Robbery and offenses involving serious bodily harm are all examples of what type of crime?
72. One reason for the rise in juvenile crime in Eastern Europe is its transition from communism to ____.
73. Those countries recognized by the United Nations as showing signs of improving economic growth while making the
transition from low- to high-income societies are referred to as _____ countries.
74. Those countries recognized by the United Nations as being the poorest countries in the world are referred to as _____
countries.
75. The Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice is also referred to as the ____, named after
the city where they were adopted.
76. The minimum age at which a person can be held responsible for his or her criminal actions is called the _____.
77. The _____ of 1908 established in England for the first time that young offenders were to be treated differently from
adult offenders.
78. In England, the _____is in charge of criminal prosecutions of juveniles and adults.
79. The _____ is the criminal court that deals with adult offenders or juveniles who have been transferred from youth
court.
80. Once the police in England have charged the juvenile, a ___ hearing will be set, which differs from practices in the
United states where most states refuse this right.
