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66. What is a common side effect from taking certain prescription drugs and consuming grapefruit juice?
a.
A metallic taste in the mouth appears.
b.
Blood concentrations of the drugs increase.
c.
The bioavailability of the drugs falls substantially.
d.
The bioflavonoids in the juice bind to the drugs and promote formation of uric acid
crystals.
e.
Absorption is greatly reduced.
67. Which of the following is a feature of warfarin use and vitamin K utilization?
a.
Warfarin blocks vitamin K absorption.
b.
Orange juice intake interferes with warfarin's effects on vitamin K.
c.
Dietary vitamin K intake determines the amount of warfarin prescribed.
d.
The tyramine content of aged meats interferes with binding of vitamin K to warfarin.
e.
Vitamin K can dangerously potentiate warfarin’s anticlotting actions.
68. Your father was recently prescribed an anticoagulant medicine and was surprised that the doctor
advised him to maintain consumption of consistent amounts of green leafy vegetables every day. You
inform your father that
a.
these vegetables significantly reduce absorption of the drug.
b.
these vegetables significantly increase absorption of the drug.
c.
variable intake of green leafy vegetables will affect activity of monoamine oxidase
inhibitors.
d.
inconsistent intakes of green leafy vegetables will interfere with the regular action of the
drug.
e.
he is confused - green leafy vegetable intake is unrelated to anticoagulant action.
69. Which of the following foods in particular must be restricted in the diet of a person taking a
monoamine oxidase inhibitor drug?
a.
Red meat
b.
Aged cheeses
c.
Fresh fish
d.
Cruciferous vegetables
e.
Chocolate
70. What ingredient commonly used as an additive in liquid medicines often causes diarrhea?
a.
Sorbitol
b.
Maltose
c.
Saccharin
d.
Aspartame
e.
Lactulose
COMPLETION
1. ____________________ is the average number of years lived by people in a given society.
2. ____________________ is the maximum number of years of life attainable by a member of a species.
3. ____________________ is a person’s perceived physical and mental well-being.
4. ____________________ is a person’s age as estimated from her or his body’s health and probable life
expectancy.
5. ____________________ are damage to the skin and underlying tissues as a result of compression and
poor circulation.
6. Any threat to a person’s well-being or a demand placed on the body to adapt is referred to as
____________________.
7. The medical term for loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and quality is ____________________.
8. The combination of an inefficient and overactive response in aging—known as
“____________________”—results in a chronic inflammation that accompanies frailty, illness, and
death .
9. Difficulty swallowing is called ____________________.
10. The medical term for a person who lacks teeth is ____________________.
MATCHING
a.
5
k.
Purines
b.
13
l.
Vitamin B12
c.
33
m.
Tetracycline
d.
50
n.
Acetylcholine
e.
Energy
o.
Osteoarthritis
f.
Cataracts
p.
Grapefruit juice
g.
Vitamin D
q.
Atrophic gastritis
h.
Dysphagia
r.
Hydrochloric acid
i.
Beta-amyloid
s.
Omega-3 fatty acids
j.
Sarcopenia
t.
Rheumatoid arthritis
1. Number of people per 100 in the U.S. population who are at least 65 years old
2. Dietary restriction of this extends lifespan in animals
3. Loss of muscle mass
4. Percentage of people over age 60 with atrophic gastritis
5. Term that describes difficulty swallowing
6. A condition characterized, in part, by an inflamed stomach and abundant bacteria
7. Lack of this substance is a symptom of atrophic gastritis
8. Stomach bacterial utilization of this nutrient increases risk for deficiency
9. Compounds of nitrogen-containing bases such as adenine, guanine, and caffeine
10. Percent decline per decade in energy needs from age 50 and on
11. Low intake of milk by elderly people contributes to deficiency of this nutrient
12. Thickening of the eye lenses that occurs with aging
13. Type of arthritis resulting in deterioration of joint cartilage
14. Nutrient that may reduce inflammation of rheumatoid arthritic joints
15. Type of arthritis involving a defective immune system
16. Percentage of U.S. adults age 85 years and older with Alzheimer's disease
17. Substance that is essential to the memory process
18. Substance found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease
19. Intake of this substance along with milk reduces calcium absorption
20. Intake of this substance interferes with utilization of many cardiovascular and central nervous system
drugs
1. List six major lifestyle behaviors thought to promote long-term health.
2. Compare and contrast the meaning of a person's physiological age versus chronological age.
3. How do the elderly respond to strength training?
4. Describe the effects of energy restriction on longevity of animals and people.
5. Give several reasons for the decline in nutritional status consequent to aging.
6. Define sarcopenia and describe risk factors and treatment.
ANS:
7. Discuss the role of tooth loss and gum disease in maintenance of nutritional status.
8. List the factors that increase the risk for vitamin B12 and iron deficiency in older adults.
9. How does atrophic gastritis interfere with nutritional status in the elderly?
10. Discuss the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of cataracts and macular degeneration.
11. Explain the relationship between diet and arthritis treatment.
12. Define the condition known as gout and discuss dietary interventions.
13. List 5 common signs of dementia, and define senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
14. What are the risk factors for malnutrition in older results?
15. Why are the elderly especially vulnerable to adverse drug-nutrient interactions?
