Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
Chapter 16
Control of Gene Expression
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In some organisms, the primary function of a gene in a cell is to participate in regulating
the body as a whole rather than responding to the cell’s immediate environment. These
organisms would be
2. The maintenance of a constant environment in a cell is called __________.
3. Through control of gene expression, a bacterial cell responds to changing __________
conditions.
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
4. In multicellular organisms, the mechanism most directly responsible for directing
development and maintaining homeostasis is gene
5. Eukaryotic cell mRNA transcripts can remain in the cell for hours because they are
6. As a microbiologist you have been asked to investigate the regulation of a novel gene in a
bacterial species. Given what is known about bacteria, the logical place to begin your
investigation is
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about gene regulation in bacteria?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
7. Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to
8. You have been asked to design a synthetic DNA motif, able to bind transcriptional
regulatory proteins. The location on this motif that you will design for protein binding is the
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about transcriptional regulatory proteins?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
more desirable result?
9. Vertebrate cells possess a protein that binds to clusters of 5-methylcytosine and ensures the
gene will stay in the “off” position. This control of gene regulation is a result of
10. You lead a research team challenged with the task of creating a regulatory protein able to
shut off transcription of a particular gene. You focus your design around a binding site called
an operator that is associated with the promotor. The physical location of the operator most
likely to affect transcription would be
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about operators and repressors?
Consider Possibilities
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
11. Histones that are tightly wound by DNA and are the basic unit of chromatin are called
12. The hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
13. Enhancers are the binding sites for the
14. Within its core a nucleosome contains ____ histones.
15. The basic tool of genetic regulation is the ability of certain proteins to bind to specific
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
16. In vertebrates, DNA methylation – the addition of a methyl group to DNA nucleotides –
ensures that
17. You work for a pharmaceutical company that designs small RNAs, used to control
expression of disease genes . The primary focus area of your research should be
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about small RNAs?
Consider Possibilities
•
What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
18. Although the specific mechanism of RNA interference has not been fully defined, it
involves
19. The DNA-binding proteins of almost all regulatory proteins use one of a small set of
shapes that enable them to fit into the DNA major groove. These shapes are called
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
20. Small RNAs can regulate gene expression. One type, called micro RNA (miRNA), acts by
binding directly to
21. If a strain of bacteria had a mutation that blocked expression of the lac repressor, what
would you expect as a result?
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question?
•
What type of thinking is required?
•
What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
•
What do you already know about the lac operon?
Consider Possibilities
•
Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
•
Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
•
Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
22. In eukaryotes, specific transcription factors have two distinct domains:
23. In order for transcription to be initiated
24. Certain proteins can bind to specific DNA regulatory sequences by entering
25. Regulatory proteins can identify specific sequences on the DNA double helix without
unwinding the helix. This is accomplished by inserting
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
26. When E. coli cells produce the amino acid tryptophan, a cluster of five genes is
transcribed together. This cluster of genes is referred to as the
27. The proteins necessary for the use of lactose in E. coli are collectively called the
28. A defining characteristic of eukaryotic organisms is that they
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
29. The primary transcripts in eukaryotes are most accurately described as
30. One of the DNA-binding motifs in many eukaryotic organisms that contains a nearly
identical sequence of 60 amino acids is known as the
31. The most common DNA-binding motif is the
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
32. A protein that regulates transcription by binding to the operator is known as the
33. A protein that initiates gene transcription and allows for non-glucose molecules to be
used is
34. A cluster of functionally-related genes that are regulated together and encoded into a
single mRNA molecule is called a(n)
Chapter 16 – Control of Gene Expression
35. A site of negative genetic regulation where binding by repressor blocks transcription is
the
36. A site at the 5′ end of a gene where RNA polymerase attaches to initiate transcription is
called a(n).
37. The enzyme beta-galactosidase acts on lactose to form galactose. In turn, the presence of
galactose leads to expression of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of galactose. In
this case, lactose is serving as a carbon source and as a(n)