Unlock document.
This document is partially blurred.
Unlock all pages and 1 million more documents.
Get Access
61. Even in preschoolers whose habits are being established, existing dietary attitudes are relatively
resistant to change. How should wise parents react?
a.
Be patient and persistent.
b.
Impose their own eating habits on the children.
c.
Wait until the children start school to initiate changes.
d.
Exert continuous pressure to initiate good food habits.
e.
Punish inappropriate eating behavior.
62. If a child is reluctant to try a new food, it is best to
a.
send the child to his/her room.
b.
withhold dessert until all food on the plate is eaten.
c.
quietly remove it and present it again at another time.
d.
encourage other family members to coax the child to eat it.
e.
ignore the child until he or she eats it.
63. When children are allowed to eat freely from a variety of foods, they usually select foods that
are high in
a.
iron.
b.
fiber.
c.
sugar.
d.
protein.
e.
fat.
64. What minimum fraction of the RDA for key nutrients for children 10-12 years of age should be
provided by public school lunches?
a.
1/8
b.
1/4
c.
1/3
d.
1/2
e.
2/3
65. One factor that has limited the success of the School Breakfast Program is that
a.
the cost is prohibitive.
b.
the meals are not nutritious.
c.
children simply do not participate in it.
d.
fewer than 10% of the nation's schools participate in it.
e.
many pediatricians oppose it.
66. Which of the following is a characteristic of the adolescent period?
a.
Obesity occurs more often in African-American females.
b.
Appetite for red meat increases in females to meet iron needs.
c.
More nutrient-dense foods are needed by males because of their faster development.
d.
The risk for calcium insufficiency is greatest in males due to their high intake of soft
drinks.
e.
The adolescent growth spurt begins around age 12 for females and 10 for males.
67. Girls younger than the age of 14 who have started to menstruate, need additional ____ milligrams of
iron per day.
a.
1
b.
1.5
c.
2
d.
2.5
e.
3
68. Which of the following is a feature of beverage intake in adolescents?
a.
Juice intake is spread throughout the day.
b.
Milk intake occurs primarily between meals.
c.
Males typically drink less milk than females.
d.
Four standard colas a day provides enough caffeine to alter behavior.
e.
Soft drinks are typically consumed in addition to milk, not instead of it.
69. Approximately what fraction of an average teenager's daily energy intake is derived from snacks?
a.
1/4
b.
1/3
c.
1/2
d.
2/3
e.
3/4
70. About how many meals each week are eaten outside the home by adolescents?
a.
3
b.
7
c.
10
d.
14
e.
18
COMPLETION
1. After the age of ____________________ years, children can be transitioned to fat-free milk if care is
taken to avoid excessive restriction of dietary fat.
2. No single nutrient is more essential to growth than ____________________.
3. The component of breast milk that inhibits the development of inflammatory bowel disease and
supports a healthy epithelial barrier is ____________________.
4. ____________________ in breast milk help to establish and maintain growth of desired bacteria in
gastrointestinal tract and inhibit pathogen attachment to the intestinal mucosa.
5. Honey should never be fed to infants because of the risk of ____________________.
6. Limited research suggests that food additives such as ____________________ preservative may
exacerbate hyperactive symptoms such as inattention and impulsivity in some children.
7. A true ____________________ occurs when fractions of a food protein or other large molecule are
absorbed into the blood and elicit an immunologic response.
8. Adverse reactions to foods that do not involve the immune system are called ___________________.
9. ____________________, the over-the-counter version of orlistat, should not be given to anyone
younger than age 18.
10. ____________________ is a craving to consume nonfood items.
MATCHING
a.
1 in 7
k.
Puberty
b.
4-8
l.
Linoleic
c.
21
m.
Weaning
d.
80
n.
Vitamin D
e.
100
o.
Colostrum
f.
Iron
p.
Lactoferrin
g.
Casein
q.
Lactadherin
h.
Folate
r.
Epinephrine
i.
Honey
s.
Bifidus factors
j.
Sucrose
t.
Alpha-lactalbumin
1. Expected weight at one year, in pounds, of an infant with a birthweight of seven pounds
2. Typical daily energy need, in kcalories per kg body weight, of an infant
3. Essential fatty acid in breast milk
4. Chief protein in human breast milk
5. Chief protein in cow's milk
6. Nutrient that is low in human milk but adequate in infant formulas
7. Pre-milk substance from the breast, containing antibodies
8. Substance in breast milk that promotes growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines
9. Substance in breast milk that deprives intestinal bacteria of iron
10. A breast milk protein that fights virus-induced diarrhea
11. Process whereby breast milk is gradually replaced by formula or semi-solid foods
12. Low content of this nutrient makes goat's milk inappropriate for infants
13. Typical energy source in infant soy formulas
14. Possible source of infant botulism
15. Deficiency of this nutrient in children causes symptoms similar to mild lead toxicity
16. Approximate percentage of young children diagnosed with food allergies
17. Substance given to prevent anaphylactic shock in people with food allergies
18. Percent chance of becoming an obese adult for an obese teen with one obese parent
19. Period in life when an individual becomes physically capable of reproduction
20. Percentage of high school students who are smokers
ESSAY
1. Describe the growth curve of infants from birth to one year. Compare the energy needs of this age
group with those of adults.
2. Explain the feeding pattern of healthy breastfed infants.
3. What is the association between breastfeeding and body weight in later life?
4. Discuss the special nutritional needs of the preterm infant and ways to meet these needs.
5. Explain the appropriate procedure for introducing new foods to infants.
6. Discuss the short- and long-term consequences of iron deficiency in children on behavior and on
school performance.
7. Describe the physical and mental effects of lead exposure on children.
8. What is the relationship between nutrition and hyperactivity in children?
9. List possible reasons for the increase in the incidence of peanut allergy.
10. Discuss the effects of obesity in childhood. What steps can be taken to prevent and to treat this
condition?
11. What are the criteria for selecting surgery for treatment of obesity in adolescents?
12. Discuss factors that undermine positive nutrition influences at school.
13. Describe the importance of calcium intake during adolescence. Do most adolescents meet their
calcium needs?
14. Discuss the role of peer pressure in shaping food preferences of adolescents.
15. Describe relationships among obesity, hypertension, and blood cholesterol in children and adolescents.
