Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
1. What are the four basic digestive processes?
a.
motility, absorption, transporting, and defecating
b.
motility, secretion, digestion, and absorption
c.
chewing, absorbing, transporting, and energy storage
d.
chewing, swallowing, absorbing, and defecating
e.
physical, chemical, motility, and absorption
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.1 – Describe the four basic processes of the digestive system
2. What kind of a sugar is fructose?
a.
starch
b.
polysaccharide
c.
disaccharide
d.
monosaccharide
e.
monoglyceride
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.1 – Describe the four basic processes of the digestive system
3. In polypeptides, what type of bond holds amino acids together?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
c
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.1 – Describe the four basic processes of the digestive system
4. What are the two components of the biliary system?
a.
small and large intestines
b.
stomach and small intestine
c.
endocrine and exocrine glands
d.
liver and pancreas
e.
liver and gallbladder
e
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.2 – Describe the components of the digestive system
5. What layer of tissue contains the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)?
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
a.
lamina propria
b.
muscularis mucosa
c.
submucosa
d.
muscularis externa
e.
serosa
a
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.3 – Describe the four major tissue layers of the digestive tract
6. What two plexuses are termed the enteric nervous system?
a.
thoracic plexus and myenteric plexus
b.
submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus
c.
submucosal plexus and gastric plexus
d.
gastric plexus and enteric plexus
e.
enteric plexus and intestinal plexus
b
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
7. How many types of sensory receptors are in the digestive tract wall?
a.
6
b.
5
c.
4
d.
3
e.
2
d
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.5 – Explain how receptor activation alters digestive activity
8. What separates the mouth from the nasal passages?
a.
epiglottis
b.
uvula
c.
palate
d.
teeth
e.
tongue
c
HUPH.SHER.16.16.2 – Describe the structure and functions of the components of the mouth
9. The exposed part of a tooth is covered by:
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
a.
enamel
b.
pulp
c.
connective tissue
d.
gingival tissue
e.
nerve root
a
16.2 Mouth
HUPH.SHER.16.16.2.1 – Discuss the role of teeth in the digestive process
10. Saliva begins digestion of dietary starches through action of the enzyme:
a.
salivary amylase
b.
salivary protease
c.
salivary lipase
d.
dextrin
e.
pepsin
a
16.2 Mouth
HUPH.SHER.16.16.2.2 – Describe seven functions of saliva in the mouth
11. What are housed within the side walls of the pharynx?
a.
the larynx
b.
the salivary glands
c.
the palate
d.
the esophagus
e.
the tonsils
e
16.3 Pharynx and Esophagus
HUPH.SHER.16.16.3 – Describe the structure and functions of the pharynx and esophagus
12. What is the first part of the trachea called?
a.
uvula
b.
pharynx
c.
larynx
d.
glottis
e.
palate
c
16.3 Pharynx and Esophagus
swallowing
13. What is the lower esophageal sphincter called?
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
a.
pharyngoesophageal sphincter
b.
gastric sphincter
c.
oropharyngeal sphincter
d.
gastroesophageal sphincter
e.
peristaltic sphincter
d
16.3 Pharynx and Esophagus
HUPH.SHER.16.16.3.4 – Contrast the roles of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters
14. Based on structural and functional distinctions, how many sections does the stomach have?
a.
2
b.
3
c.
4
d.
5
e.
6
b
16.4 Stomach
HUPH.SHER.16.16.4.1 – Describe the three sections of the stomach
15. Which section of the stomach has the thickest musculature?
a.
body
b.
antrum
c.
fundus
d.
phloric sphincter
e.
esophagus
b
16.4 Stomach
HUPH.SHER.16.16.4.1 – Describe the three sections of the stomach
16. What nerve mediates the receptive relaxation response?
a.
vagus
b.
gastric
c.
thoracic
d.
lumbar
e.
accessory
a
16.4 Stomach
HUPH.SHER.16.16.4.2 – Describe the four aspects of gastric motility
17. Where is the vomiting center located?
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
a.
stomach
b.
esophagus
c.
pons
d.
medulla
e.
spinal ganglia
16.4 Stomach
18. What cells of the stomach secrete pepsinogen?
a.
stem cells
b.
mucous cells
c.
goblet cells
d.
parietal cells
e.
chief cells
e
16.4 Stomach
19. What are the three phases of gastric secretion?
a.
esophageal, gastric, and intestinal
b.
fundus, body, and antrum
c.
cephalic, gastric, and intestinal
d.
gastric, antrum, and phloric
e.
fundus, cephalic, and pancreatic
c
16.4 Stomach
HUPH.SHER.16.16.4.5 – Describe the three phases of gastric secretion
20. How often is the protective lining of the stomach replaced?
a.
every 12 days
b.
every 7 days
c.
every 3 days
d.
every day
e.
every 12 hours
c
16.4 Stomach
21. What endocrine tissue secretes insulin and glucagon?
a.
intestinal mucosa
b.
islets of Langerhans
c.
chief cells
d.
parietal cells
e.
acinar cells
16.5 Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions
22. What compound coverts trypsinogen into trypsin?
a.
pancreatic lipase
b.
pepsin
c.
chymotrypsinogen
d.
enteropeptidase
e.
procarboxypeptidase
16.5 Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions
23. What are the two major enterogastrones secreted by the pancreas?
a.
secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK)
b.
chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase
c.
trypsinogen and cholecystokinin (CCK)
d.
chymotrypsin and trypsinogen
e.
insulin and cholecystokinin (CCK)
a
16.5 Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions
24. What vitamin does the liver activate?
a.
vitamin A
b.
vitamin B12
c.
vitamin D
d.
vitamin E
e.
vitamin K
c
25. What are the main constituents of bile?
a.
salts, amylase, digestive enzymes, and bilirubin
b.
HCl, cholesterol, lecithin, and digestive enzymes
c.
salts, digestive enzymes, lecithin, and bilirubin
d.
HCl, cholesterol, lecithin, and amylase
e.
salts, cholesterol, lecithin, and bilirubin
e
16.5 Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions
HUPH.SHER.16.16.5.4 – Describe the two functions of bile salts
26. When damaged hepatocytes are permanently replaced by connective tissue the condition is called:
a.
hepatitis
b.
liver cancer
c.
biliary choletis
d.
pancreatitis
e.
cirrhosis
e
16.5 Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions
27. What are the three segments of the small intestine called?
a.
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
b.
duodenum, septum, and colon
c.
duodenum, cecum, and ileum
d.
antrum, jejunum, and fundus
e.
fundus, ileum, and colon
a
16.6 Small Intestine
28. What is the reflex called that involves gastrin secretion in response to the presence of chyme in the stomach?
a.
gastric reflex
b.
gastroileal reflex
c.
duodenal reflex
d.
fundal reflex
e.
antral reflex
16.5 Pancreatic and Biliary Secretions
HUPH.SHER.16.16.5.3 – List nine functions of the liver which are not related to digestion
29. The migrating motility complex is regulated between meals by what hormone?
a.
gastrin
b.
pepsin
c.
motilin
d.
secretin
e.
insulin
c
16.6 Small Intestine
30. What type of enzyme hydrolyzes most of the small peptide fragments into their amino acid components, thereby
completing protein digestion?
a.
enteropeptidase
b.
disaccharidases
c.
maltase
d.
trypsinogen
e.
aminopeptidases
e
16.6 Small Intestine
31. What vitamin is absorbed in the terminal part of the ileum?
a.
vitamin K
b.
vitamin E
c.
vitamin D
d.
vitamin B12
e.
vitamin A
16.6 Small Intestine
adapted for its special absorptive function
32. How are small peptides absorbed into intestinal cells?
a.
diffusion
b.
tertiary active transport
c.
via micelles
d.
via sugar symporters
16.6 Small Intestine
HUPH.SHER.16.16.6.1 – Describe the dual functions of segmentation in the small intestine
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
e.
via pancreatic enzymes
16.6 Small Intestine
33. What must be combined with vitamin B12 for it to be absorbed in the small intestine?
a.
intrinsic factor
b.
vitamin D
c.
iron
d.
calcium
e.
bile salts
a
16.6 Small Intestine
34. What kind of iron is present in plants?
a.
heme iron
b.
organic iron
c.
inorganic iron
d.
bound iron
e.
unbound iron
c
16.6 Small Intestine
HUPH.SHER.16.16.6.7 – Describe the absorption of iron and calcium in the small intestine
35. The small, fingerlike projection at the bottom of the cecum is the:
a.
ileocecal valve
b.
appendix
c.
colon
d.
rectum
e.
diverticulum
16.7 Large Intestine
HUPH.SHER.16.16.7.1 – Explain the anatomy of the large intestine
36. What causes the colon’s main motility?
a.
peristalsis
b.
diffusion
c.
smooth muscle reflexes
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
d.
haustral contractions
e.
the presence of fiber
16.7 Large Intestine
37. What sphincter of the rectum is made of smooth muscle?
a.
sigmoid sphincter
b.
colonic sphincter
c.
rectal sphincter
d.
external anal sphincter
e.
internal anal sphincter
e
16.7 Large Intestine
HUPH.SHER.16.16.7.3 – Describe the activities associated with the defecation reflex
38. What is a typical outcome when feces become too dry?
a.
diverticulitis
b.
inflammatory bowel disease
c.
appendicitis
d.
constipation
e.
diarrhea
16.7 Large Intestine
HUPH.SHER.16.16.7.4 – List four causes of constipation
39. What are the three major GI hormones?
a.
pepsin, gastrin, and insulin
b.
insulin, motilin, and CCK
c.
motilin, secretin, and intrinsic factor
d.
pepsin, intrinsic factor, and gastrin
e.
gastrin, secretin, and CCK
e
16.8 Overview of the GI Hormones
40. A fourth, newly discover GI hormone is called:
a.
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
b.
gastric reducing hormone
Chapter 16 – The Digestive System
c.
motilin
d.
cholecystokinin (CCK)
e.
intestinal inhibitory peptide
a
16.8 Overview of the GI Hormones
41. The accessory digestive organs include the salivary glands, the exocrine pancreas, and the biliary system.
a.
True
b.
False
True
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.2 – Describe the components of the digestive system
42. The muscularis externa, the major smooth muscle coat of the digestive tube, surrounds the submucosa.
a.
True
b.
False
True
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.3 – Describe the four major tissue layers of the digestive tract
43. The prominent type of self-induced electrical activity in digestive smooth muscle is fast-wave potentials.
a.
True
b.
False
False
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
44. The plasma membranes of the digestive system’s effector cells have receptor proteins that bind with and respond to GI
hormones, neurotransmitters, and local chemical mediators.
a.
True
b.
False
True
16.1 General Aspects of Digestion
HUPH.SHER.16.16.1.5 – Explain how receptor activation alters digestive activity
45. Saliva is rich in sulfate buffers, which neutralize acids in food and acids produced by bacteria in the mouth.
a.
True