Peter G. Northouse, Leadership: Theory and Practice, Seventh Edition: Instructor Resource
49. Five cross-cultural competencies for leaders include all of the following except
a. Being able to adapt to living and communicating in other cultures.
b. Learning the perspectives, trends, and tastes of many cultures.
c. Understanding business, political, and cultural environments worldwide.
d. Teaching the importance of one’s own culture to other cultures.
50. A definition of culture does not include
a. Individual qualities.
b. Customs and scripts of a group.
c. Traditions that are shared by a group.
d. Learned beliefs and values.
51. According to the GLOBE study, which of these is not a cultural dimension?
a. Institutional collectivism
b. In-group collectivism
c. Division of labor
d. Future orientation
52. Global leadership behaviors include all of these except
a. Self-directive leadership
b. Team-oriented leadership
c. Participative leadership
d. Autonomous leadership
53. Universally desirable leadership attributes do not include
a. Effective bargainer.
b. Dictatorial.
c. Plans ahead.
d. Win-win problem solver.
54. Universally undesirable leadership behaviors include all of the following except
a. Asocial
b. Loner
c. Explicit
d. Dictatorial
55. Applications for culture and leadership do not include
a. Can help leaders understand their own cultural biases and preferences.
b. Help our leaders adapt their styles to be more effective in different cultural settings.
c. Can be used to build culturally sensitive websites.
d. Help maximize profit within a locally owned and operated organization.
56. According to the Anglo culture cluster, the least desirable leader behavior is
a. Charismatic/value-based leadership.
b. Participative leadership.
c. Humane-oriented leadership.
d. Self-protective leadership.
57. According to the Sub-Saharan Africa Anglo culture cluster, the most desirable leader
behavior is
a. Charismatic/value-based leadership.
b. Participative leadership.
c. Humane-oriented leadership.
d. Team-oriented leadership.
58. How many cultural dimensions did GLOBE researchers identify?
a. 9
b. 15
c. 12
d. 6
59. The cultural dimension in which organizations encourage and reward members for
excellence is
a. Humane orientation.
b. Assertiveness.
c. Power distance.
d. Performance orientation.
60. According to GLOBE researchers, which of the following statements is false?
a. The Anglo cluster is high in performance orientation and low in in-group collectivism.
b. The Eastern Europe cluster tends to be forceful and supportive of its coworkers.
c. The Latin Europe cluster places value on institutional collectivism and societal goals.
d. The Sub-Saharan Africa cluster tends to place higher concern for family and friends than for
themselves.
61. Who is (are) the most referenced researcher(s) identifying five major dimensions on which
cultures differ?
a. House et al.
b. Adler and Bartholomew
c. Hofstede
d. Lord and Maher
62. Who developed five cross-cultural competencies for leaders?
a. Adler and Bartholomew
b. Hofstede
c. Lord and Maher
d. House et al.
63. Who researched culture and leadership resulting in the GLOBE research program?
a. Adler and Bartholomew
b. Hofstede
c. Lord and Maher
d. House et al.
64. How many “country clusters” did GLOBE focus its findings on?
a. 10
b. 5
c. 15
d. 20
65. What was an element that GLOBE used to create regional clusters?
a. Nonverbal communication
b. Personal values
c. Common language
d. Population density
66. According to the Germanic culture cluster, the most desirable leadership behavior is
a. Charismatic/value-based leadership.
b. Participative leadership.
c. Self-protective leadership.
d. Autonomous leadership
67. According to the research, the Eastern Europe cluster scored high on
a. In-group collectivism.
b. Future orientation.
c. Performance orientation.
d. Uncertainty avoidance.
68. According to the text, the conceptualization of leadership used by GLOBE was derived in
part from
a. Transformational leadership theory.
b. Implicit leadership theory.
c. LMX theory.
d. Transactional theory.
69. A major factor in the need for increased cross-cultural awareness is
a. Increase of globalization.
b. Environmental issues.
c. Changes in civil rights.
d. Government regulation.
70. A criticism of the GLOBE research study, cited in the text, is
a. The way the study measured leadership.
b. The narrow scope of the study.
c. Underdeveloped quantitative research design.
d. Classification system is not as expansive as the Hofstede classification system.
71. Training and development programs using the cultural behaviors, dimensions, and clusters
from the GLOBE studies could focus on all except which of the following topics to help leaders
be more effective in working with others from different cultures?
a. Teaching cultural sensitivity
b. Helping individuals understand their own cultural biases
c. New employee orientation programs
d. Present stereotypical behaviors from multiple cultures
Multiple Selection
72. Globalization is defined as increased interdependence between nations around which of the
following central issues?
a. Economic
b. Technical
c. Religious
d. Political
73. Globalization has created a need to
a. Attempt to define one worldview on religion
b. Understand how cultural differences affect leadership performance
c. Become cross-culturally aware and competent
d. Create a unified theory of leadership and culture
74. Which of the following interfere(s) with our ability to understand and appreciate the human
experience of others?
a. Culture
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Prejudice
d. Diversity
75. The GLOBE research program
a. Was completed at the time of the GLOBE studies publication in 2004
b. Is and ongoing research project
c. Is a qualitative research project
d. Is a quantitative research project
76. Switzerland is often cited as having high degrees of which cultural dimension from the
GLOBE studies?
a. Humane orientation
b. Future orientation
c. Gender egalitarianism
d. Institutional collectivism
77. People in the Confucian Asia GLOBE cluster exhibit results-driven orientation and
encourage the group to working together over individual goal achievement. People in this
cultural cluster exhibited high scores in which cultural dimensions?
a. In-group collectivism
b. Institutional collectivism
c. Humane orientation
d. Performance orientation
78. The GLOBE studies identified a portrait of leader behaviors that almost everyone, in all
cultures, would deem exceptional. Which of the following fit into that universally desirable
portrait?
a. Integrity
b. Self-protective behaviors
c. Interpersonal skills
d. Charismatic/values orientation
79. The GLOBE studies identified a portrait of leader attributes that were universally viewed as
obstacles to effective leadership. Which of the following fit into that universally undesirable
portrait?
a. Benevolent
b. Self-protective behaviors
c. Asocial
d. Charismatic/values orientation
80. The culture and leadership research presented in the chapter is applicable to
a. Leadership training and development programs
b. Helping individuals to shape their cultural biases more clearly
c. Helping individuals become more empathic and accurate in communication with others
d. Helping organizations understand other cultures to improve global team effectiveness
True/False
81. Culture and leadership focus on a collection of related ideas rather than a single unified
theory.
a. True
b. False
82. Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership
performance.
a. True
b. False
83. Globalization originated after the Vietnam War.
a. True
b. False
84. Global leaders need to be skilled in creating transcultural visions.
a. True
b. False
85. One of the GLOBE cultural dimensions, power distance, is defined as the degree to which
members of a group favor strategic physical distance close to or away from others.
a. True
b. False
86. Diversity is an approach or system that concentrates on one culture.
a. True
b. False
87. Prejudice is other-oriented rather than self-oriented.
a. True
b. False
88. Ethnocentrism can be a major obstacle to effective leadership.
a. True
b. False
89. Hofstede’s benchmark research identified six major dimensions on which cultures differ.
a. True
b. False
90. A strength of the GLOBE study is that it provided a classification of cultural dimensions that
is more expansive than Hofstede’s classification system.
a. True
b. False
91. The GLOBE study identified only valued leadership attributes
a. True
b. False
92. There is one unified theory of culture and leadership.
a. True
b. False
93. Globalization has created a need to understand how cultural differences affect leadership
performance.
a. True
b. False
94. Robert House, the lead researcher in the GLOBE study project is the same House that
developed the Charismatic Transformational leadership theory.
a. True
b. False
95. Assertiveness is a universally desirable leader attribute.
Peter G. Northouse, Leadership: Theory and Practice, Seventh Edition: Instructor Resource
a. True
Essay
96. How does culture influence the leadership process?
97. How are diversity and multiculturalism in the workplace different?
98. Propose some guidelines for how a leader can adapt his or her communication to diverse
cultures.
99. What is implicit leadership theory and how did it contribute to the concept of global
leadership behaviors? What are the limitations of this approach?
100. Plan a way for two countries that differ on future orientation (one with a high score, the
other with a low score) to negotiate an agreement on environmental protection.
101. Propose a transcultural vision that global leaders from all the culture clusters could support
and believe in. (Do not choose the obvious one: world peace.) Which cultural values support
your proposal? Which culture might be less invested in such a vision?
102. Which of the nine cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE researchers do you think most
contributes to cross-cultural miscommunication? Give examples to support your claim.