Chapter 16—Infectious Illnesses
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A disease-causing organism is called a:
a.
vector
b.
host
c.
pathogen
d.
lymphoid
2. What is a host?
a.
Any vehicle that carries and transmits a pathogen
b.
A person or population that contracts a pathogen
c.
An organism whose primary function is to fight disease
d.
The intermediate reservoir in which a pathogen lives
3. What is a biological or physical vehicle that carries an agent to a host?
a.
vector
b.
host
c.
pathogen
d.
lymphocyte
4. The tiniest and toughest pathogens are:
a.
bacteria
b.
helminthes
c.
protozoa
d.
viruses
5. Which virus is characterized as living permanently in cells and flaring up periodically?
a.
adenoviruses
b.
herpes viruses
c.
papilloma viruses
d.
filoviruses
6. Which virus is a contributing factor in the development of cervical cancer?
a.
adenoviruses
b.
herpes viruses
c.
papilloma viruses
d.
slow viruses
7. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is considered which type of virus?
a.
retrovirus
b.
slow virus
c.
herpes virus
d.
filovirus
8. Which statement about the treatment of viruses is true?
a.
Newer antibiotics are effective on viruses.
b.
Drugs that will kill a virus and not our cells remain difficult to find.
c.
Antiviral drugs can completely eradicate viral infections.
d.
Antiviral drugs are most effective when introduced late in the course of infection.
9. The most plentiful pathogens, which are simple, one-celled organisms, are:
a.
bacteria
b.
viruses
c.
fungi
d.
protozoa
10. Which of the following is a viral disease?
a.
tetanus
b.
herpes simplex
c.
gonorrhea
d.
scarlet fever
11. Which of the following is a bacterial disease?
a.
influenza
b.
severe acute respiratory syndrome
c.
the common cold
d.
scarlet fever
12. Which of the following is a fungal disease?
a.
papillomas
b.
tuberculosis
c.
athlete’s foot
d.
diptheria
13. Which of the following is a disease spread by protozoa?
a.
malaria
b.
West Nile
c.
meningitis
d.
hepatitis
14. Which of the following is a disease spread by helminths?
a.
giardiasis
b.
schistosomiasis
c.
H1N1
d.
hepatitis
15. _____ lack chlorophyll and consist of reproductive spores and threadlike fibers.
a.
Bacteria
b.
Fungi
c.
Helminthes
d.
Viruses
16. _____ are single-celled microscopic animals that release enzymes or toxins that destroy cells.
a.
Helminthes
b.
Fungi
c.
Protozoa
d.
Viruses
17. Small parasitic worms that attack specific tissues or organs are known as:
a.
viruses
b.
fungi
c.
protozoa
d.
helminthes
18. Which of the following is primarily spread by animals or insects?
a.
tuberculosis
b.
Lyme disease
c.
AIDS
d.
SARS
19. The time between a pathogen invasion and the development of the first symptoms is called the:
a.
primary infection
b.
incubation period
c.
prodromal period
d.
recovery period
20. The early stage of the battle between your body and the invaders is called the:
a.
primary infection
b.
incubation period
c.
prodromal period
d.
recovery period
21. When a flu outbreak hits a community, about _____ percent of school children will get it, compared to
_____ of adults.
a.
20; 60
b.
40; 5 to 10
c.
60; 90
d.
90; 30 to 40
22. Parents get about _____ times as many colds as nonparents.
a.
two
b.
four
c.
six
d.
eight
23. The human lymphatic system:
a.
destroys viruses that invade the body
b.
filters out impurities from the body
c.
provides immunity against diseases
d.
develops the immune system
24. Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as:
a.
active immunity
b.
cell-mediated immunity
c.
passive immunity
d.
clinical immunity
25. Hypersensitivity to a substance in one’s diet or environment is known as a(n):
a.
allergy
b.
infection
c.
cytokine reaction
d.
antigen
26. An ____ occurs when the immune system fails to recognize its own body tissue and begins to attack it.
a.
immune deficiency
b.
allergy
c.
autoimmune disorder
d.
alarm reaction
27. What proportion of adults get the recommended annual flu shots?
a.
one-quarter
b.
one-third
c.
one-half
d.
two-thirds
28. People who get less than seven hours of sleep a night are ____ times more likely to catch a cold.
a.
two
b.
three
c.
four
d.
five
29. An annual flu shot is recommended for: adults
a.
all adults
b.
adults with no preexisting conditions
c.
adults ages 18–65
d.
adults age 65 and older
30. A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease is a(n)
a.
cluster
b.
outbreak
c.
epidemic
d.
pandemic
31. Although it is most common in the first year of life, the incidence of bacterial meningitis rises in
young people between ages:
a.
5 and 14
b.
15 to 24
c.
65 to 74
d.
75 to 84
32. The early symptoms of meningitis:
a.
may be mild and resemble those of influenza
b.
take 10 to 14 days to appear
c.
are usually severe and dramatic
d.
include sudden, abnormal bleeding
33. A pandemic refers to a:
a.
sudden rise in a disease
b.
larger than usual number of individuals becoming ill
c.
disease outbreak that is only viral in nature
d.
wide distribution over several or many countries where large numbers of people are
contracting a disease
34. ____ is most often spread by fecal contamination of food or water.
a.
Hepatitis A
b.
Hepatitis B
c.
Hepatitis C
d.
Hepatitis delta
35. About ____ of those infected with HCV develop chronic or long-term hepatitis.
a.
one-third
b.
one-half
c.
two-thirds
d.
three-quarters
36. Mononucleosis is caused by:
a.
EBV
b.
HIV
c.
HPV
d.
HCV
37. Which of the following is true concerning mononucleosis?
a.
A sputum culture is needed to determine if someone has mono.
b.
Symptoms of mono include sore throat, headache, and fever.
c.
Major symptoms of mono may last up to three months.
d.
Mononucleosis is most common among the elderly.
38. Chronic fatigue syndrome:
a.
affects men more than women
b.
is characterized by intense headaches and blurry vision
c.
has no known cure
d.
improves with bed rest
39. Which condition involves a skin infection spread by direct skin-to-skin contact ?
a.
mononucleosis
b.
tuberculosis
c.
herpes gladiatorum
d.
toxic shock syndrome
40. Lyme disease is spread by:
a.
raccoons
b.
ticks
c.
mosquitoes
d.
dogs
41. West Nile virus is transmitted by:
a.
raccoons
b.
ticks
c.
mosquitoes
d.
dogs
42. Which of the following is true of SARS?
a.
It can be effectively treated with high-dose antivirals.
b.
It now has an effective vaccine.
c.
It has a six to ten day incubation period.
d.
It continues to have major outbreaks in Western Europe and Australia.
43. Which of the following is true of smallpox?
a.
Remote areas of South America continue to have outbreaks.
b.
Antibiotics are the standard course of treatment.
c.
More than half of Americans have not been vaccinated for it.
d.
The fatality rate from smallpox is 90%.
44. Trichomoniasis is caused by a:
a.
protozoa
b.
fungus
c.
bacterium
d.
virus
45. What percentage of women report ever having had a urinary tract infection?
a.
20%
b.
30%
c.
40%
d.
50%
COMPLETION
1. ____________________ are named for their halo-like appearance and lead to respiratory infection.
2. The virus likely responsible for much of cervical cancer is the ____________________ virus.
3. ____________________ have a backward sequence of genetic replication.
4. ____________________ resemble threads and are extremely lethal.
5. ____________________ are drugs that are used to inhibit or kill bacterial infections.
6. ____________________ are means of transmission for infectious diseases.
7. The body site for antibody production is the ____________________.
8. When the body makes its own antibodies to a pathogen, this is known as ____________________
immunity.
9. Redness, swelling, and local warmth around a wound site indicate ____________________.
10. To desensitize Mary’s allergies, she underwent ____________________, which is a series of injections
of small but increasingly larger doses of an allergen.
11. There are more than ____________________ distinct cold viruses.
12. ____________________ cause most of the spring, summer, and early fall colds in the United States..
13. ____________________ attacks the membranes around the brain and spinal cord.
14. The ____________________ virus causes several forms of liver infection.
15. ____________________ is a complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that does not
improve with bed rest and that may get worse with physical or mental activity.
16. ____________________ is a bacterial infection of the lungs.
17. MRSA stands for ____________________.
18. ____________________ is the most commonly reported tick-borne infectious disease in the United
States.
19. ____________________ became a new global health threat in 2003, with major outbreaks in several
Asian countries, including China and Hong Kong, and in Toronto, Canada.
20. ____________________ is an infection involving the urinary bladder.
MATCHING
Match the items below with the appropriate description.
a.
HIV
f.
pandemic
b.
vector
g.
meningitis
c.
incubation period
h.
hepatitis
d.
systemic illness
i.
tuberculosis
e.
autoimmune disorder
j.
Lyme disease
1. means of transmission for infectious illnesses
2. a pathologic condition that spreads throughout the body
3. occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population
4. a type of retrovirus
5. the time between infection and appearance of first symptoms
6. disease caused by an attack on body tissue by an immune system that fails to recognize the tissue as
self
7. attacks the membranes around the brain and spinal cord
8. an inflammation and/or infection of the liver caused by a virus
9. a disease caused by a bacterium carried by a tick
10. a highly infectious bacterial disease that primarily affects the lungs
ESSAY
1. Classify the five different types of pathogens and provide examples of diseases for each pathogen.
2. Describe the four major vectors in your own words. Give examples of diseases that may be spread
through each vector.
3. What are the six high-risk populations for serious exposure to infectious diseases?
4. Describe at least five components of the human lymphatic system and their function in protecting the
body against foreign microorganisms and impurities.
5. Discuss the individuals or groups who are at greatest risk of being infected with MRSA and explain
why it is difficult to treat.