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1. Passive electronic systems monitor the offender by continuously sending a signal back to the central office.
a.
True
b.
False
2. A probation sentence implies a contract between the court and the juvenile.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Most juvenile offenders diagnosed with a mental disorder receive treatment.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Evaluations of electronic monitoring show that recidivism rates are much lower in electronic monitoring programs than
in traditional programs.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Requiring youth to reimburse the victims of their crimes, called restitution, is the most widely used form of restitution
in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Highly structured counseling in which a therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive adjustment
to society is called reality therapy.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Crime as an offense against human relationships is one of the seven core values of restorative justice.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Balanced probation is based on the idea that juvenile offenders must take responsibility for their actions.
a.
True
b.
False
9. Monetary restitution is when the juvenile offender is required to provide some service directly to the crime victim.
a.
True
b.
False
10. Probation is a punitive legal disposition for delinquent youths.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Probation orders are the rules and regulations mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way.
a.
True
b.
False
12. The arresting officer is involved in all four stages of the court process and writes the predisposition report.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Movement toward a community-based treatment approach to juvenile offenders began in Massachusetts.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Probation for juvenile offenders occurs when they are closely monitored by an officer of the court and must adhere to
a strict set of rules to avoid incarceration.
a.
True
b.
False
15. A reform school is an example of a secure juvenile correctional facility.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The least restrictive alternative doctrine stipulates that programs should be chosen with the least restrictive setting that
would still be in the best interest of the child.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Most juveniles are housed in private institutions administered by private agencies.
a.
True
b.
False
18. Most status offenders are housed in private institutions.
a.
True
b.
False
19. The national custody rate of African Americans is nearly five times higher than the custody rates for Whites.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Facilities for female juvenile offenders generally are better run and offer more opportunities and freedoms than those
of male institutions.
a.
True
b.
False
21. Correctional centers designed especially for juveniles by federal, state, and county governments are called
_____________.
a.
juvenile jails
b.
institutional treatment facilities
c.
community treatment facilities
d.
community prisons
22. _____ is one of the most common treatment approaches, and virtually all juvenile institutions use it to some degree.
a.
Behavior modification
b.
Milieu therapy
c.
Positive peer culture
d.
Individual counseling
23. Efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles in need is called _____________.
a.
community treatment
b.
rehabilitation
c.
community watch
d.
community guidance
24. _____ seeks to make all aspects of the inmates’ environment part of their treatment and to minimize differences
between custodial staff and treatment personnel.
a.
Milieu therapy
b.
Community treatment
c.
Guided group interactions
d.
Behavior modification
25. The belief often espoused by courts that juvenile offenders have a statutory right to treatment while under the
jurisdiction of the courts is called _____________.
a.
restorative justice
b.
balanced treatment
c.
right to rehabilitation
d.
right to treatment
26. The _____ prepares the social investigation or the predisposition report for the court.
a.
judge
b.
juvenile probation officer
c.
prosecutor
d.
juvenile’s parents/guardians
27. In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the offender’s proven dangerousness outweighed the possible effects of
rehabilitation, thereby placing limits on the right to treatment.
a.
Ralston v. Robinson
b.
Santana v. Callazo
c.
Morales v. Turman
d.
Nelson v. Heyne
28. A nonpunitive strategy for delinquency control that attempts to address the issues that produce conflict between two
parties and reconcile the parties is referred to as _____.
a.
step programming
b.
restorative justice
c.
innovative justice
d.
therapeutic programming
29. Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency, and individualized
attention to the juvenile offender are called _____.
a.
therapeutic programming
b.
restorative justice
c.
innovative justice
d.
balanced probation
30. _____ is the most widely used method of restitution in the United States.
a.
Monetary restitution
b.
Victim service restitution
c.
Community service restitution
d.
Independent restitution
31. A ____ is where juveniles are required to stay at home during specified periods of time.
a.
home stay
b.
house arrest
c.
home school
d.
domestic restraint
32. ______ provide for juveniles who are orphans or whose parents cannot care for them to be placed with families who
provide the attention, guidance, and care they did not receive at home.
a.
Group homes
b.
Foster care programs
c.
Family group homes
d.
Rural programs
33. In Santana v. Callazo, the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals rejected a suit brought by residents at the Maricao
Juvenile Camp in Puerto Rico on the grounds that the administration had
a.
kept them incarcerated past their 18th birthday.
b.
not provided adequate meals.
c.
unfairly limited medical care.
d.
failed to provide them with an individualized rehabilitation plan or adequate treatment.
34. The least restrictive alternative in deciding incarceration options for status offenders is defined as
a.
a program with the highest secure setting that would be best for society.
b.
a program with the highest secure setting that would be best for the child.
c.
a program with the least secure setting that would be best for society.
d.
a program with the least secure setting that would be best for the child.
35. The first House of Refuge was established in _____.
a.
Boston
b.
New York
c.
Chicago
d.
New Orleans
36. Institutions in which educational and psychological services are used in an effort to improve the conduct of juveniles
who are forcibly detained are called _____.
a.
foster homes
b.
houses of refuge
c.
reform schools
d.
cottage systems
37. The process and experience of the transition of juveniles from juvenile and adult correctional settings back into
schools, families, communities, and society at large is referred to as _____.
a.
parole
b.
integration
c.
probation
d.
reentry
38. Which of the following is not one of the functions within juvenile corrections offered by treatment facilities?
a.
Boot camps
b.
Aftercare
c.
Training schools
d.
Drug treatment
39. Which is not one of the four stages of the juvenile court process?
a.
Intake
b.
Outtake
c.
Predisposition
d.
Postadjudicatioin
40. Which is not one of the duties of a juvenile probation officer?
a.
Interview and collect social service data
b.
Patrol communities
c.
Write predisposition reports
d.
Provide special services, such as group therapy
41. Random phone calls generated by a computer in which the juvenile offender must respond within a specified time is
an example of what type of electronic monitoring?
a.
Active
b.
Passive
c.
Noninvasive
d.
Intrusive
42. The monitoring of juvenile offenders by continuously sending a signal back to the central office is an example of what
type of electronic monitoring?
a.
Active
b.
Passive
c.
Noninvasive
d.
Intrusive
43. Programs that integrate community protection, accountability of the juvenile offender, competency and individualized
attention is called _____________.
a.
balanced probation
b.
general accountability
c.
formal probation
d.
aftercare
44. A requirement that juvenile offenders compensate victims of crime for property damages, lost wages, and medical
expenses is called _____________.
a.
monetary restitution
b.
community service restitution
c.
victim service restitution
d.
just desserts restitution
45. The requirement that juvenile offenders assist worthwhile local groups for a period of time is called _____________.
a.
monetary restitution
b.
community service restitution
c.
victim service restitution
d.
just desserts restitution
46. Housing 20 to 40 juvenile offenders in a compound containing a series of small bungalows was called _____.
a.
foster homes
b.
the houses of refuge
c.
reform schools
d.
the cottage system
47. Which explanation offered does not address the wide variation of state-level juvenile custody rates? The states with
high rates have _____________.
a.
high rates of juvenile property crime and adult violent crime
b.
a cultural acceptance of punitive policies
c.
higher adult custody rates
d.
more children than other states
48. Though juvenile institutions have improved dramatically over the decades, roughly what percentage of these
institutions reported being at capacity or overcrowded?
a.
10%
b.
50%
c.
5%
d.
25%
49. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a typical resident in a juvenile facility?
a.
Ethnic minority
b.
Roughly 15 or 16 years of age
c.
Male
d.
Female
50. Which is not one of the values common in male residential juvenile facilities?
a.
Exploit whomever you can.
b.
Don't rat on your peers.
c.
Don't give in to others.
d.
Play up to staff.
51. A reduction in the number of arrests per year for youths who have been incarcerated or otherwise punished is known
as a(n)_______________.
52. _____ include forestry camps, ranches, and farms that provide recreational activities or work for juveniles.
53. _____ is the most common of all juvenile dispositions, though its use has decreased somewhat in the last decade.
54. Transitional assistance to juveniles to help youths adjust to community life is referred to as _____.
55. Juveniles who are orphaned or whose parents cannot care for them and are therefore placed with families who provide
them care are part of a ____ program.
56. Most status offenders are held in _____ facilities.
57. Highly structured counseling in which a skilled therapist helps a juvenile solve conflicts and make a more positive
adjustment to society is referred to as _____.
58. A technique for shaping desired behaviors through a system of rewards and punishments is referred to as ______.
59. Programs involving outdoor expeditions that provide opportunities for juveniles to confront the difficulties of their
lives while achieving positive personal satisfaction are called ________________.
60. ______ is based on the idea that the juvenile offender is not a threat to the community and has a better chance of being
rehabilitated in the community.
61. Probation is often the disposition of choice, especially for ____ offenders.
62. The rules mandating that a juvenile on probation behave in a particular way is called the _____.
63. A true alternative to incarceration that involves almost daily supervision of the juvenile by the probation officer
assigned to the case is called _______________.
64. _____ are nonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and family living.
65. A _____ is a combination of foster care and a group home in which a juvenile is placed in a private group run by a
single family.
66. ___ is a form of counseling that emphasizes current behavior and requires the individual to accept responsibility for all
of his or her actions.
67. ___ is a form of counseling through which counselors help juveniles understand and solve their current
adjustment problems.
68. _____ are juvenile programs that combine get-tough elements from adult programs with education, substance abuse,
and other programs.
69. The process and experience of returning to society upon release from a custodial facility postadjudication is called
_____.
70. _____ guidelines are the recommended length of confinement and kinds of aftercare assistance most effective for a
juvenile who has committed a specific offense.
71. Distinguish between community treatment and institutional treatment of juvenile offenders.
72. What is restorative justice? Discuss the seven core values that characterize restorative justice.
73. Describe the history of juvenile institutions.
74. What differences regarding female institutions are addressed in the text? Discuss the American Bar Association and
the National Bar Association’s recommendations for changes regarding female juveniles in institutions.
75. Describe behavior modification and its effect on recidivism.
76. Discuss educational, vocational, and recreational programs used in the treatment of juvenile offenders. Describe how
these programs are beneficial to juveniles.
77. Discuss the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model, including the five basic principles.
78. Describe wilderness probation programs. Do you believe these programs have value? Why or why not?
79. Discuss the disposition of probation, including how it is administered and by whom and recent trends in use.
