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Chapter 16: The Religious Development of Christianity
Fill in the Blank
1. __________ is the view that spirit and matter were radically divided (dualism) and that the
material world is so vile that an impersonal, unknowable God could have nothing to do with
its creation. All knowledge comes from esoteric knowledge alone.
2. The word “catholic” means __________.
3. __________ is the belief that the son of God had a beginning, but God is eternal and has no
beginning.
4. Thomas Aquinas attempted to reconcile __________ and __________.
5. __________ is the doctrine that by the priest’s words in the Mass, the bread and wine
become the real blood and body of Christ.
6. __________ posted the Ninety-Five Theses on the Wittenberg Castle door, which
inadvertently began the Protestant Reformation
7. John Calvin preached the doctrine of __________, which asserted that people were
preordained for eternal life or damnation.
8. The __________ rejected infant baptism, because all ceremonies and rituals must have
meaning to the participants and babies could not meet that requirement.
9. Ignatius Loyola founded the __________, which helped to revive the Catholic spirit.
10. In 1959, Pope John XXIII called for an ecumenical council known as __________ to adjust
the faith to the twentieth century.
Multiple Choice
11. The __________ was a forgery that alleged to grant the pope supremacy over the church, as
well as Rome, Italy, and its provinces.
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a. Decree of Constantine
b. Donation of Constantine
c. Decree of Charlemagne
d. Donation of Charlemagne
12. Scholasticism was concerned with how __________ applied to the faith.
a. logic
b. revelation
c. scholarship
d. science
13. The Council of Trent declared that the Catholic Church had sole right to __________.
a. forgive sins and accept confessions
b. scriptural interpretation
c. the administration of the sacraments
d. the study of theology
14. The Roman Catholic doctrine of the immaculate conception, is the belief that __________.
a. all people are born with original sin
b. Jesus was born without original sin
c. Mary was born without original sin
d. Mary conceived as a virgin
15. __________ gave the famous sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”.
a. Brigham Young
b. Jonathan Edwards
c. John Wesley
d. Joseph Smith
16. Fundamentalism emphasizes a/an__________ interpretation of the Bible.
a. apostolic
b. catholic
c. literal
d. protestant
17. Liberation theology urges the Church to address __________.
a. a figurative interpretation of the bible
b. poverty and social injustice
c. the ordination of women
d. the rights of gay people
18. __________, a leader in Feminist theology called for a radical transformation of the place of
women in the Catholic Church.
a. Anne Seton
b. Katherine Jefferts Schori
c. Mary Daly
d. Rosemary Radford Ruether
19. The divisions among the highly separate and independent Eastern Churches are created along
__________.
a. doctrinal issues
b. fundamental theology
c. Liturgical practices
d. nation states
20. Martin Luther’s challenge to the Catholic Church was called the __________.
a. Edict of Worms
b. Nicene Creed
c. Ninety-Five Theses
d. sola scriptura
21. Ulrich Zwingli led the __________ Reformation.
a. Dutch
b. French
c. German
d. Swiss
22. The Catholic Reformation resulted in the declaration that __________.
a. all Christian faiths were coequal
b. Catholic tradition was coequal with scripture
c. new converts must renounce other Christian denominations
d. the Bible supported Catholic dogma
23. The Catholic doctrine of the Trinity was rejected by the __________.
a. Baptists
b. Congregationalists
c. Puritans
d. Unitarians
24. Vatican II improved the Catholic Church’s relationship with the Jews by __________.
a. accepting responsibility for anti-Semitism
b. condemning anti-Semitism
c. recognizing the holocaust
d. recognizing the Torah as inspired
25. The __________ are Evangelical Protestants who are religiously and politically conservative
and viewed as a political force.
a. evangelicals
b. fundamentalists
c. reformed orthodox
d. religious right
26. The most rapid growth of Christianity in modern times has occurred in __________.
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. Malaysia
d. the Southern hemisphere
27. The Nestorians view of Jesus’s nature __________.
a. was impossible for humans to know
b. was primarily human
c. was two distinct and separate natures
d. was united in will without one aspect absorbing the other
28. After the fall of Rome, The papacy was spared because the invaders __________.
a. did not care about religion
b. sought only Roman treasure
c. were already Christians
d. were pagans
29. Icons are depicted differently in the Eastern Church as being less realistic because they are
meant to be __________.
a. adored
b. venerated
c. symbolic
d. used in liturgical services only
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30. The conflict between __________ and Emperor Henry IV occurred when Henry demanded
that the Church be in charge of appointing bishops.
a. Augustus
b. Clement I
c. Gregory VII
d. Benedict V
31. Martin Luther differed from Catholic doctrine in believing that __________, not good works,
was the path to God.
a. eucharist
b. faith
c. penitence
d. prayer
32. The Catholic Reformation was triggered by the self-criticism invoked by __________.
a. the growing strength of Eastern Orthodoxy
b. the Protestant reformation
c. the precipitous decline in papal power
d. the rapid decline of converts
33. A Protestant sect characterized by services that involve silent meditation with no sacraments
and no prepared discourse are the __________.
a. Baptists
b. Congregationalists
c. Quakers
d. Unitarians
34. The Catholic Church’s stance against __________ was reinforced by Pope Paul VI’s
“Humanae Vitae.”
a. artificial birth control
b. marriage for homosexuals
c. married clergy
d. ordination of women
35. The third longest reign in papal history was held by __________ who was also the most
traveled pope.
a. John XXIII
b. John Paul II
c. Paul VI
d. Pius XII
