CHAPTER 16
Globalization and Terrorism
Chapter 16 Multiple Choice
Choose the best answer for each of the following.
1. A(n) __________ criminologist is involved in the cross-national study of crime.
a. ethnocentric
b. classical
c. biosocial
d. comparative
2. __________ is a process of social homogenization by which the experiences of everyday life
can foster a standardization of cultural expression around the world.
a. Globalization
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Comparative criminology
d. Infrastructure
3. Ethnocentrism involves
a. comparing crime rates in different countries and cultures.
b. culture-centeredness.
c. human smuggling.
d. trafficking in persons.
4. Which of the following is not a reason why it is difficult to compare the crime rates of
different nations?
a. Diverse crime-reporting practices
b. Political influences on the reporting of crime statistics to other agencies
c. Differences in definitions of a given crime
d. Differing population sizes in various countries
5. For comparative criminologists, __________ create the biggest problem in reporting crime.
a. diverse crime-reporting practices.
b. economic influences on the reporting of crime statistics to international agencies.
c. definitional differences.
d. social and political contexts that are reflected in crime statistics.
6. Which of the following has emerged as one of the most pressing challenges of the early 21st
century?
a. Domestic terrorism
b. Transnational crime
c. Serious violent crime
d. The development of new designer drugs
7. __________ involves illegal immigration in which an agent receives payment to help someone
cross a border clandestinely.
a. Transnational organized crime
b. Trafficking in persons
c. Human smuggling
d. Globalization
8. Which of the following is an element of human smuggling?
a. The person being smuggled is usually coerced
b. The person being smuggled is exploited or forced to perform some type of labor
c. The person being smuggled is generally cooperating
d. The person being smuggled does not have to cross a border
9. Trafficking in persons is often undertaken
a. to help people escape repressive government regimes.
b. for purposes of sexual or labor exploitation.
c. to reunite families.
d. These are all purposes of trafficking
10. Which of the following statements about trafficking in persons is false?
a. Trafficking contains an element of fraud, force, or coercion
b. Persons being trafficked are victims
c. Persons being trafficked are exploited for involved in forced labor
d. Persons being trafficked are free to leave or to change jobs
11. One of the first immigration laws in the United States focused on ending the influx of male
workers coming from
a. China.
b. Japan.
c. Thailand.
d. Korea.
12. The __________ limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted to the U.S. from
any one country and barred immigration from specific parts of the Asia-Pacific Triangle.
a. Chinese Exclusion Act
b. Trafficking Victims Protection Act
c. Homeland Security Act
d. Immigration Act
13. Which Act established the Human Smuggling and Trafficking Center within the U.S. State
Department?
a. The Homeland Security Act
b. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act
c. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
d. The Immigration and Nationality Act
14. According to Europol, terrorism is
a. an ideology.
b. a movement
c. a method for attaining political goals.
d. All of the above
15. An act of terrorism is distinguished from a violent criminal act by
a. the location of the act.
b. the type of behavior involved.
c. the motivation of the offender.
d. All of the above
16. Which of the following is not a characteristic of terrorism?
a. It is premeditated or planned
b. It is aimed at civilians
c. It is perpetrated by the army of a country
d. It is politically motivated
17. Which of the following statements about terrorism is true?
a. Terrorism is usually an impulsive act of rage
b. Terrorism is perpetrated for criminal gain
c. Terrorism is aimed at military targets
d. Terrorism is politically motivated
19. __________ terrorists want to replace economies based on free enterprise with socialist or
communist economic systems.
a. Left-wing
b. Right-wing
c. State-sponsored
d. Nationalist
20. __________ terrorists are revolutionaries who seek to overthrow all established forms of
government.
a. Right-wing
b. Anarchist
c. Nationalist
d. Left-wing
21. __________ terrorism refers only to acts of terrorism that occur outside the United States.
a. Domestic
b. International
c. Anarchist
d. Foreign
22. The terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building on Oklahoma City was an
example of
a. international terrorism.
b. domestic terrorism.
c. cyberterrorism.
d. bioterrorism.
23. __________ is a form of terrorism that uses high technology in the planning and carrying out
of terrorist attacks.
a. GovNet
b. Bioterrorism
c. Cyberterrorism
d. Cyberspace
24. Which of the following was not one of the three important legislative initiatives resulting
from the first years of the G.W. Bush presidency?
a. The USA PATRIOT Act
b. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act
c. The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act
d. The Homeland Security Act
25. Which organization has pledged to work with the President and law enforcement to ensure
that civil liberties in the U.S. are not eroded as a result of the USA PATRIOT Act?
a. The U.S. Supreme Court
b. The ACLU
c. The Department of Homeland Security
d. The 9/11 Commission
26. Which of the following federal agencies is not part of the Department of Homeland Security?
a. The U.S. Secret Service
b. The Transportation Security Administration
c. The Federal Emergency Management Agency
d. The Federal Bureau of Investigation
27. The Obama administration’s official National Strategy for Counterterrorism maintains a
focus on
a. preventing domestic terrorism.
b. deterring Islamic-inspired terrorism.
c. expanding the USA PATRIOT Act.
d. expanding the Department of Homeland Security
28. Which of the following is not a consequence of designation as a foreign terrorist
organization?
a. It is illegal for a person in the U.S. or subject to U.S. jurisdiction to provide funds or
material support to a foreign terrorist organization.
b. Representatives and some members of designated foreign terrorist organizations may
be denied visas or kept from entering the U.S. if they are aliens.
c. U.S. financial institutions are required to block funds of designated foreign terrorist
organizations and their agents and report the blockage to the U.S. Department of the Treasury.
d. Members of designated foreign terrorist organizations may be deported by the U.S.
Department of State without review.
29. Which of the following foreign governments has been designated a state sponsor of
international terrorism by the State Department?
a. Iraq
b. Iran
c. Afghanistan
d. Somalia
30. Which of the following is not a trend in modern terrorism?
a. A trend toward religiously motivated terrorism
b. An increase in cross-national links among terrorist organizations
c. A trend toward loosely organized international networks
d. A trend toward the involvement of terrorist organizations in non-terrorist motivated
criminal activity
Chapter 16 True-False
Choose whether each statement is true or false.
1. Globalization of knowledge is affecting theory formation within criminology.
a. True
b. False
2. The increasing integration of previously isolated events and their overlapping impact on
people is a key aspect of globalization.
a. True
b. False
3. Ethnocentrism does not interfere with the work of comparative criminologists.
a. True
b. False
4. Diverse crime-reporting practices create the biggest problem in reporting crime and comparing
the crime rates of different nations.
a. True
b. False
5. The United Nations annually conducts official crime surveys at the international level.
a. True
b. False
6. In the 21st century, transnational crime is becoming a less serious issue.
a. True
b. False
7. Human smuggling is a form of illegal immigration.
a. True
b. False
8. The majority of people who are assisted in illegally entering the U.S. each year are trafficked
rather than smuggled.
a. True
b. False
9. Victims of trafficking can be trafficked within their own countries and communities.
a. True
b. False
10. Persons smuggled into the U.S. are considered to be victims.
a. True
b. False
11. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act focuses on sex trafficking.
a. True
b. False
12. State-sponsored terrorist groups are deliberately used by radical states as foreign policy tools.
a. True
b. False
13. The sovereign citizen movement is an example of foreign terrorism.
a. True
b. False
14. The vast majority of international terrorist attacks result in serious injuries and fatalities of
innocent bystanders.
a. True
b. False
15. Cyberterrorism uses the Internet and the World Wide Web to plan and carry out terrorist
attacks.
a. True
b. False
16. Anthrax is a possible bioterror agent.
a. True
b. False
17. The Secret Service is part of the Department of Homeland Security.
a. True
b. False
18. According to the 9/11 Commission report, the biggest threat to American national security
may come from small decentralized groups of homegrown terrorist or loners who have bought
into the ideology of terrorism.
a. True
b. False
19. An organization based in the United States may still be designated as a foreign terrorist
organization if it has members who are not U.S. citizens.
a. True
b. False
20. Aliens who are representatives of a designated FTO may be prevented from entering the
United States.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 16 Fill in the Blank
Fill in the correct answer for each of the following.
1. The increase in understanding resulting from a sharing of information between cultures is
known as __________.
2. _________ is the phenomenon of culture-centeredness.
3. __________ differences among countries create the biggest problem in reporting crime.
4. ________ crime is one of the most pressing challenges of the early 21st century.
5. ________ always involves crossing an international border.
6. __________ can be compared to a modern-day form of slavery.
7. The first immigration law in the U.S. was enacted in response to large numbers of laborers
immigrating to the U.S. from _______.
8. __________ is premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant
targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents
9. __________ terrorists are motivated by fascist ideals and the dissolution of democratic
governments.
10. __________ targets the virtual world.
11. According to the CIA, the end goal of al-Qaeda is to use _________.
12. The __________ Act was designed to fight terrorism but also contained provisions that
applied to other forms of criminal activity as well.
13. According to ______________, the attacks on 9/11 should not have been a surprise to the
U.S. government.
14. A group external to the U.S. that engages in terrorist activity may be considered for
designation as a(n) __________.
15. The State Department has the authority to designate selected foreign governments as
__________ of international terrorism
Chapter 16 Matching
1. Match the characteristic to the type of crime
1. Contains an element of force
a. Human smuggling
2. Does not involve forced labor or other
exploitation
b. Trafficking in persons
3. Must involve crossing an international
border
4. Persons must be “working”
5. Persons may be subjected to limited
movement or isolation
6. Persons involved are violating the law and
are not victims
2. Match each act of Congress with its description
1. Chinese Exclusion Act
a. Limited numbers of immigrants and barred
immigration from specific parts of the Asia-
Pacific Triangle
2. 1924 Immigration Act
b. Addressed the problem of sex trafficking
3. Immigration and Nationality Act
(INA) of 1952
c. Dissolved the INS and transferred most of its
functions to three branches of the Department
of Homeland Security (DHS)
4. Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA)
d. Established the Human Smuggling and
Trafficking Center within the U.S. State
Department
5. Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000
(TVPA)
e. Enacted in response to large numbers of
Chinese male laborers who had immigrated to
the western United States in the mid-1800s
6. The Trafficking Victims Protection
Reauthorization Act (TVPRA) of 2003
f. Mandated collection of foreign data on
trafficking investigations, prosecutions,
convictions, and sentences.
7. Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
Prevention Act of 2004
g. Established the Immigration and
Naturalization Service (INS)
1. e
3. Match the type of terrorist organization to its goal
1. Religious terrorists
a. Want to replace economies based on free
enterprise with socialist or communist
economic systems
2. Left-wing terrorists
b. Employed by radical nations as foreign
policy tools.
3. Anarchist terrorists
c. Want to change the entire political, social,
and economic system to an ultraconservative
model
4. Right-wing terrorists
d. Use violent to bring about social and
culture change in keeping with their religious
views
5. State-sponsored terrorists
e. Revolutionary, anticapitalist, and
authoritarian
6. Nationalist terrorists
f. Motivated by fascist ideals and work toward
the dissolution of democratic governments
Chapter 16 Essay
Answer the following questions.
1. List and explain the reasons why it is difficult to compare crime rates across different
countries.
2. Define human smuggling and trafficking and explain the differences between them.
3. Name and briefly describe the six main types of terrorist organizations, and give a
contemporary example of each group.
4. What are the three trends that the Congressional Research Service identified in modern
terrorism?
Chapter 16 Critical Thinking
Answer the following questions.
1. Given the difficulties in comparing crime rates among different countries, what value do such
cross-national comparisons have?
2. What are the key differences between domestic and international terrorism? Which is more
dangerous and why?