65. Which of the following is a feature of being overweight and pregnant?
a.
Folate-related neural tube defects
b.
Increased prevalence of caesarian section
c.
Inability to carry twins to birth completion
d.
Increased risk of birthing a small-for-gestational age infant
e.
Decreased risk of gestational hypertension
66. Which of the following physical activities would be permitted for the pregnant woman?
a.
Scuba diving
b.
Water aerobics
c.
Exercising in hot, humid weather
d.
Exercising while lying on her back
e.
Kick boxing
67. Which of the following is a characteristic of preterm infants?
a.
They are often underweight and have difficulty breathing.
b.
Even with adequate nutrition support, they rarely show catch-up growth.
c.
If they are merely small-for-gestational age, they usually show catch-up growth.
d.
They are typically born to women of high socioeconomic status.
e.
Even very-low birthweight infants typically have good survival and outcomes.
68. Which of the following is a feature of hypertension in pregnancy?
a.
Chronic hypertension increases risk for stillbirth.
b.
Chronic hypertension often leads to macrosomia.
c.
Gestational hypertension usually develops in the first trimester.
d.
Gestational hypertension is most common in women who had normal blood pressure
before pregnancy.
e.
Gestational diabetes typically persists after pregnancy.
69. Approximately how many infants each year are born in the United States with fetal alcohol syndrome?
a.
2,000
b.
4,000
c.
6,000
d.
12,000
e.
18,000
70. Which of the following is a feature of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
a.
FAS cannot be treated, only prevented.
b.
Cognitive function is affected the least when physical abnormalities are most severe.
c.
Diagnosis is apparent within 6 months of birth for virtually all children with FAS.
d.
The most severe physical abnormalities in most FAS children are covert rather than overt.
e.
No harm will result to the infant unless the mother is actually drunk.
COMPLETION
1. The “bag of waters” in the uterus, in which the fetus floats is called the ____________________.
2. The ropelike structure through which the fetus’s veins and arteries reach the placenta is called the
____________________.
3. A newly fertilized ovum is called a(n) ____________________.
4. The developing infant from 8 weeks after conception until term is called a(n)
____________________.
5. The developing infant from 2 to 8 weeks after conception is called a(n) ____________________.
6. The embedding of the blastocyst in the inner lining of the uterus is called ____________________.
7. The influence of substances during fetal growth on the development of diseases in later life is called
____________________.
8. An infant with a birthweight at the 90th percentile or higher for gestational age (roughly 9 pounds or
higher) is said to have ____________________.
9. The recommended gain for a woman who begins pregnancy at a healthy weight and is carrying a
single fetus is ____________________ to ____________________ pounds.
10. Low-birthweight infants are defined as infants who weigh ____________________ or less.
MATCHING
a.
1 in 75
k.
Zygote
b.
1 in 13
l.
Embryo
c.
7 1/2
m.
Alcohol
d.
17–30
n.
Eclampsia
e.
25
o.
Amniotic
f.
35
p.
Birthweight
g.
38
q.
Preeclampsia
h.
Iron
r.
Breastfeeding
i.
Pica
s.
Eat small, frequent meals
j.
Folate
t.
Drink at least 8 glasses of liquid a day
1. A newly fertilized ovum
2. Fluid in which the fetus floats
3. Developing infant from 2 to 8 weeks after conception
4. Number of days after conception during which the neural tube is highly vulnerable to nutrient
deficiency
5. Number of U.S. women who report binge drinking during pregnancy
6. Adequate intakes of this nutrient within the 30 days prior to conception are especially important to
lower risk of birth defects
7. Most reliable indicator of an infant’s health
8. An infant born prior to this number of weeks of pregnancy is classified as preterm
9. Upper limit for the recommended number of pounds that a pregnant woman of normal weight should
gain
10. Approximate weight, in pounds, of average newborn baby
11. Number of grams of extra protein per day recommended for the pregnant woman
12. Dietary supplements of this nutrient are recommended early in pregnancy
13. A recommended practice to prevent or relieve heartburn
14. A recommended practice to prevent or alleviate constipation
15. A craving for non-food substances
16. A condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine
17. A condition characterized by seizures
18. Number of women who report drinking during pregnancy
19. Excess intake of this substance in pregnancy is known to result in mental retardation of the child
20. A practice that conserves maternal iron stores
1. What is the role of the placenta and how does it develop?
2. Discuss the term “critical periods” in relation to pregnancy.
3. Discuss the association between maternal nutrition and the risk for development of chronic diseases in
her child.
ANS:
4. Discuss the consequences of being overweight or obese at the time of pregnancy.
5. Discuss the changes in macronutrient needs in pregnancy.
6. Discuss important concerns for vegetarian diets during pregnancy or lactation.
7. List the complications experienced by low-birthweight infants.
8. Define gestational diabetes and list risk factors. How is it managed?
9. Describe the condition known as preeclampsia. What are its risk factors and what is known about its
prevention?
10. Discuss the effects of tobacco use in the pregnant woman and its effects on health of the newborn.
11. Provide examples of the effects of environmental contaminants on pregnancy outcomes.
12. List the benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and for the mother.
13. Describe the physical and mental abnormalities associated with fetal alcohol syndrome.
14. Describe the two most common neural tube defects and what is known about their development.
15. Describe the risks associated with caffeine intake during pregnancy.