Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
47. Initiation of transcription differs from initiation of DNA replication in several ways. One
difference is that initiation of transcription does not require
48. Transcription in prokaryotes is carried out by ______, which unwind(s) and transcribe(s)
the gene.
49. Eukaryotes have ____ type(s) of RNA polymerase.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
50. In eukaryotes, each type of RNA polymerase recognizes a different
51. Eukaryotic pre-mRNA molecules are modified
52. In eukaryotes, the 3′ poly-A tail is attached to
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
53. Why are there fewer tRNA anticodons than the 61 needed to match each mRNA codon
that codes for an amino acid?
54. During translation, translocation refers to
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
55. During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, what happens during RNA splicing?
56. During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, which molecule passes from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm and specifies the sequence of amino acids in the new polypeptide?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
57. Which molecule combines with proteins to form both the large and small ribosomal
subunits?
58. Given the sentence “THE FAT CAT ATE THE RED RAT,” which of the following
would represent a frameshift mutation?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about frameshift mutations?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
59. What would happen if snRNPs did not recognize the branch point within an intron?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about splicing?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
60. During the splicing reaction, the intron-exon junctions are recognized by
61.
In prokaryotes, the RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
62. Two 6-base sequences are present in bacterial promoters: TATAAT (located 10 nt upstream from the start site) and
TTGACA (located 35 nt upstream from the start site). What is the significance of the fact that these two base sequences are
different?
63. Within the transcription bubble, the 9 most recently added nucleotides in the newly
synthesized RNA strand temporarily form a helix with the template DNA strand. How might
transcription be affected if helix formation did not occur?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
64. Cells conserve energy and resources by making active proteins only when they are
needed. If a protein is not needed, which of the following methods of control would be the
most energy-efficient?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about transcription and translation?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question?
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
65. What is required for formation of the transcription initiation complex in eukaryotes?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
66. What is the likely consequence of a mutation that alters the branch point within an
intron?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about splicing?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
67. You are working to characterize a novel protein in mice. Analysis shows that high levels
of the primary transcript that codes for this protein are found in tissue from the brain, muscle,
liver, and pancreas. However, an antibody that recognizes the C-terminal portion of the
protein indicates that the protein is present in brain, muscle, and liver, but not in the pancreas.
What is the most likely explanation for this result?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process