Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Chapter 15
Genes and How They Work
Multiple Choice Questions
1. DNA affects the traits of an organism by providing the instructions for
synthesizing _______.
2. Gene expression involves two phases, ___________ and translation.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
3. Messenger RNA molecules contain information that is used to synthesize ___________.
4. To begin transcription, RNA polymerase must bind to a segment of DNA called the ____.
5. The strand of DNA that is not transcribed is called the ______ strand.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
6. During ________, a ribosome assembles a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is
specified by the nucleotide sequence in a molecule of mRNA.
7. The sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule is called the ________ code.
8. Crick and his colleagues proposed that the genetic code consists of a series of blocks of
information, called ______, each corresponding to one amino acid in an encoded protein.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
9. Gene ________ refers to the combined processes of transcription and translation.
10. During transcription of mRNA in eukaryotes, some sequences are cut out of the primary
transcript and the remaining sequences are joined together. This processing of mRNA is
called _________.
11. Most eukaryotic genes contain noncoding sequences called ________ that are
interspersed with the coding sequences.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
12. To remove noncoding sequences in the pre-mRNA of eukaryotes, multiple snRNPs
combine with proteins to form a larger complex called the ___________ .
13. The connection that exists between genes and hereditary traits is based on using the
information encoded in genes to synthesize
14. Both DNA and RNA are made up of building blocks known as
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
15. The “one-gene/one-enzyme” hypothesis was proposed by
16. The polypeptide-making organelles, which consist of protein combined with RNA, are
called
17. During translation, amino acids are carried to the ribosome by
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
18. During _______, RNA polymerase synthesizes a molecule of RNA using DNA as a
template.
19. Which base in an anticodon will pair with the base adenine in a codon?
20. A codon is composed of how many bases?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
21. In eukaryotes, translation takes place
22. Ribosomes are complex aggregates of
23. The A, P, and E sites are progressively occupied by amino acids being assembled into a
polypeptide. These sites are part of
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
24. In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs
25. In prokaryotes, the form of RNA polymerase that can accurately initiate synthesis of
RNA is called
26. During _________, nucleotide sequence information is changed into amino acid sequence
information.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
27. The genetic code uses _________ nucleotide(s) to specify one amino acid.
28. Which statement about the genetic code is false?
29. How many unique mRNA codons can be constructed from the four different RNA
nucleotides?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
30. During translation, the nucleotides that make up the mRNA are read in groups of three.
These groups are called
31. The tRNA nucleotide sequence that pairs with bases on the mRNA is called a(n)
32. Ribosome movement along the mRNA is called
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
33. Specific amino acids are attached to tRNA molecules by
34. Codons that serve as “stop” signals for translation are recognized by
35. When a polypeptide is being assembled, the bond that forms between a newly added
amino acid and the previous amino acid in the chain is a _________ bond.
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
36. During translation in prokaryotes, formation of the initiation complex requires all of the
following except
37. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules may contain non-coding sequences that must be removed
before translation. These are called
38. The location of translation in prokaryotic cells is
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
39. In eukaryotes, pre-mRNA processing may involve all of the following except
40. During translation, uncharged tRNA molecules leave the ribosome from the _________
site.
41. The Central Dogma of biology can be stated as
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
42. If the sequence of bases in the template strand of a DNA molecule is 3′ ATCGCTCC 5′,
what is the sequence of bases in the RNA that is transcribed from this molecule?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about transcription?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
43. The template strand of a DNA segment that codes for mRNA has the sequence:
ATGCGT. Which tRNA anticodons would pair with the mRNA that is coded for by this
sequence?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain and what do they mean?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about transcription and translation?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
44. Although 61 different codons code for amino acids, cells contain fewer than 61 different
tRNAs. Why?
Chapter 15 – Genes and How They Work
45. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms differ in how they process genetic information.
Which statements best explain one of these differences?
46. What is the first step during transcription initiation in prokaryotes?