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Chapter 15—Preventing Major Disease
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. About ____ percent of young people in the United States eat an “ideal” diet.
a.
1
b.
5
c.
10
d.
15
2. One in ____ young people in the U.S. has a high body mass index.
a.
3
b.
5
c.
10
d.
15
3. The term ____ refers to the heart and to the biochemical processes involved in the body’s functioning.
a.
cardiometabolic
b.
cardiovascular
c.
holistic
d.
homeostatic
4. In a longitudinal study of individuals who reached age 55 with an optimal cardiometabolic risk profile,
men had a risk of heart disease or heart attack of 3.6%, compared to ____ percent for the general
population.
a.
7.5
b.
17.5
c.
27.5
d.
37.5
5. Which statement accurately describes the problem of “carrying” excess weight?
a.
A waist measurement of more than 35 inches increases health risk in males.
b.
Visceral fat poses fewer health risks than subcutaneous fat.
c.
“Apple-shaped” women are at increased health risk but “apple-shaped” men are not.
d.
A “pot belly” raises health risks even when a person has a healthy weight.
6. What does your text state with regard to the impact of physical fitness on health risk?
a.
For men, fitness may be LESS important than overweight or obesity.
b.
For men, fitness may be MORE important than overweight or obesity.
c.
For women, fitness may be LESS important than overweight or obesity.
d.
For women, fitness may be MORE important than overweight or obesity.
7. Insulin acts in the body by:
a.
letting glucose into cells
b.
breaking down glucose
c.
shunting glucose into the liver for metabolism
d.
speeding up homeostasis
8. Systolic blood pressure is the pressure when the:
a.
heart contracts
b.
heart is between contractions
c.
individual stands up rapidly
d.
individual is sitting
9. High-density lipoproteins:
a.
have the highest proportion of fat
b.
are good for the heart
c.
are bad for the heart
d.
are composed of triglycerides
10. Americans get an average of ____ percent of their dietary cholesterol from meat and ____ from egg
yolks.
a.
16; 9
b.
26; 19
c.
36; 29
d.
46; 39
11. Among the Pima Indians of Arizona, _____ of adults have type 2 diabetes.
a.
one-tenth
b.
one-quarter
c.
one-third
d.
one-half
12. African Americans are ____ as likely as whites to develop hypertension.
a.
half
b.
twice
c.
five times
d.
ten times
13. Metabolic syndrome affects _____ Americans.
a.
1 in 20
b.
1 in 10
c.
1 in 4
d.
1 in 2
14. Metabolic syndrome:
a.
was formerly known as type 2 diabetes
b.
remains extremely uncommon in the U.S., especially among younger people
c.
is a cluster of symptoms that increase risk of diabetes, stroke, and heart disease
d.
is currently the disease of most concern in the U.S.
15. Individuals with prediabetes:
a.
have well-pronounced symptoms
b.
develop type 1 diabetes
c.
can develop long-term damage to heart and circulatory system
d.
tend to be more physically active than the general population
16. In the U.S., diabetes
a.
is the leading cause of death in adults.
b.
is more common in Southern states known as the “diabetes belt.”
c.
rates have been steadily decreasing thanks to prevention efforts.
d.
affects nearly 30% of adults.
17. What is the number one cause of blindness and kidney failure in the United States?
a.
stroke
b.
heart attack
c.
hypertension
d.
diabetes
18. Which statement best represents the relationship between diabetes and family history of diabetes?
a.
Family history plays a role in type 1 but not type 2 diabetes.
b.
Family history plays a role in type 2 but not type 1 diabetes.
c.
Family history is related to type 2 diabetes in the U.S. but not elsewhere in the world.
d.
Family history and environment interact in both type 1 and 2 diabetes.
19. Individuals with diabetes should eat a diet high in
a.
complex carbohydrates.
b.
fat.
c.
sodium.
d.
low-fiber foods.
20. Which of the following parameters describes what is considered a healthy blood pressure reading?
a.
systolic below 115, diastolic below 75
b.
systolic 120–139, diastolic 80–89
c.
systolic 140–159, diastolic 90–99
d.
systolic above 160, diastolic above 100
21. About _____ of people with hypertension have it adequately controlled.
a.
one-tenth
b.
one-quarter
c.
one-third
d.
one-half
22. In evaluating the risk for heart disease in men, which of the following would be a desirable feature?
a.
Total cholesterol above 240 mg/dL
b.
LDL levels below 100 mg/dL
c.
HDL levels below 40 mg/dL
d.
LDL levels above 160 mg/dL
23. The heart muscle is called the:
a.
myocardium
b.
endocardium
c.
pericardium
d.
cardiac layer
24. The pulmonary arteries pump blood to the:
a.
lungs
b.
heart
c.
brain
d.
veins
25. When university athletes were screened with electrocardiograms, _____ percent were found to have
abnormalities.
a.
less than 1
b.
1 to 7
c.
11 to 17
d.
21 to 37
26. Which of the following is true of psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
a.
Episodic factors like depression may increase the buildup of “unstable” plaque.
b.
Chronic factors directly triggers heart attacks in individuals with pre-existing disease.
c.
Chronic factors often triggers the breaking off of plaque in high risk individuals.
d.
Acute factors often trigger a marked decrease in blood pressure.
27. Daily low-dose aspirin has been recommended as a preventive step for:
a.
both men and women, regardless of cardiovascular risk level or age
b.
both men and women at high risk of cardiovascular disease
c.
women, ages 45 or older
d.
men, ages 45 or older
28. ____ refers to any of a number of chronic diseases characterized by degeneration of the arteries and
hardening and thickening of arterial walls.
a.
Atherosclerosis
b.
Arteriosclerosis
c.
Myosclerosis
d.
Hepatosclerosis
29. Angina pectoris is best defined as a:
a.
temporary drop in the oxygen supply to the heart that causes pain
b.
hardening of the arteries typically resulting in shortness of breath
c.
death of cardiac cells with no symptoms
d.
spasm of the heart causes dizziness and nausea
30. The term myocardial infarction describes a(n):
a.
infection of the pericardium
b.
heart attack
c.
spasm of the heart
d.
stiffening of the heart
31. For victims of cardiac arrest, immediate use of which of the following techniques would keep the heart
pumping until help arrives?
a.
balloon angioplasty
b.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
c.
bypass breathing
d.
atrial fibrillation
32. When the blood supply to a portion of the brain is blocked, a ____ may occur.
a.
stroke
b.
blackout
c.
heart attack
d.
seizure
33. A ____ is a “little stroke.”
a.
transient ischemic attack
b.
sarcoma
c.
diastole
d.
myocardial infection
34. In the United States, men have a ____ lifetime risk of developing cancer; for women, the risk is ____.
a.
1 in 10; 1 in 5
b.
1 in 5; 1 in 10
c.
1 in 3; 1 in 2
d.
1 in 2; 1 in 3
35. Cancer that has spread is most accurately described as having _____.
a.
invaded.
b.
metastasized.
c.
died.
d.
infiltrated.
36. Which of the following is true of cancer and infectious agents?
a.
Infectious agents cause nearly all of the cancers in developing nations.
b.
Infectious agents cause less than 1% of cancers worldwide.
c.
Infectious agents alone are typically not sufficient to cause cancer.
d.
Infectious agents have been linked to cancers of reproductive organs but not to other
cancers.
37. What is the most common type of cancer in women?
a.
lung
b.
colon
c.
breast
d.
bladder
38. The most common type of cancer in men is:
a.
lung
b.
prostate
c.
colon
d.
kidney
39. The leading cause of cancer death in men and women is:
a.
colon cancer
b.
pancreatic cancer
c.
leukemia
d.
lung cancer
40. A woman's best tool for early detection of breast cancer is an exam called a
a.
Pap smear
b.
mammogram
c.
mastectomy
d.
breast self-exam
41. In the ABCDs of skin cancer, “C” refers to:
a.
color
b.
crusty
c.
callous
d.
capillary
42. Testicular cancer is most common between ages _____.
a.
5 and 17
b.
18 and 35
c.
36 and 65
d.
66 and 85
43. Epilepsy is:
a.
usually fatal
b.
characterized by seizures
c.
increasingly common and severe
d.
rarely manageable with medications
44. Asthma is most characterized by:
a.
a sneezing, runny nose
b.
an autoimmune response of the lungs
c.
constriction of the breathing passages
d.
allergy-like symptoms
45. _____ is believed to set the stage for the development of gastric ulcers.
a.
HPV
b.
Helicobacter pylori
c.
HIV
d.
Epstein-Barr virus
COMPLETION
1. ___________________ disease accounts for one of three deaths in the United States.
2. ____________________ is a fatty substance found in certain foods and also manufactured by the
body.
3. Following a meal containing fats, the bloodstream will contain ample amounts of
____________________.
4. A disease in which the body does not produce or respond properly to insulin is
____________________.
5. A person with a blood pressure reading of 120/80 would be considered to have
____________________.
6. Total cholesterol levels should be below ____________________ mg/dL for men.
7. ____________________ are drugs that work in the liver to block the production of cholesterol.
8. The sac that surrounds the heart is the ____________________.
9. The ____________________ is a smooth membrane lining the inside of the heart.
10. Atherosclerosis is characterized by fatty deposits referred to as ____________________.
11. The procedure used to widen a clogged artery through insertion of a catheter with a tiny balloon is
called ____________________.
12. A(n) ____________________ is a blood clot in an artery in the brain.
13. A tumor that is not malignant is ____________________.
14. A malignant tumor may also be called a(n) ____________________ tumor.
15. The deadliest form of skin cancer is malignant ____________________.
16. A type of treatment for breast cancer that involves surgical removal of the entire breast is called a(n)
____________________.
17. ____________________ therapy is treatment with high-energy rays or particles to destroy cancer.
18. Testicular cancer occurs most commonly among men ages _________ to _________.
19. When a man suspects prostate cancer, he may get a(n) ____________________ screening test.
20. Open sores in the lining of the stomach are known as ____________________.
MATCHING
Match the items below with the most appropriate description.
a.
plaque
f.
metabolic syndrome
b.
HDL
g.
MI
c.
myocardium
h.
platelet
d.
embolus
i.
hemorrhage
e.
LDL
j.
angina pectoris
1. disorder of the body's metabolism
2. blood cholesterol that is protective
3. heart attack
4. deposits of fat
5. chest pain
6. blood cholesterol that increases heart disease risk
7. type of blood cell
8. cardiac muscle layer
9. wandering blood clot
10. bleeding
ESSAY
1. Describe four controllable and four uncontrollable risk factors that affect your cardiometabolic health.
2. Identify the different components of blood cholesterol that would be measured on a blood test, and the
healthy levels of each.
3. Identify five symptoms of a heart attack.
4. Explain the difference between the two types of strokes and identify five risk factors for stroke.
5. Describe what characterizes cancer and four major categories of cancer. List the seven warning signs
of cancer.
