Name:
Class:
Date:
Identify the following terms:
1. Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda
ANSWER:
2. Ottoman and Persian Empires
ANSWER:
3. Battle of El Alamein
POINTS:
4. Palestinians
POINTS:
5. Jordan’s Bedouins
POINTS:
6. King Farouk and Colonel Muhammad Nagib
ANSWER:
POINTS:
7. Gamal Abdul Nasser
ANSWER:
8. Suez Canal
ANSWER:
9. pan-Arabism
ANSWER:
10. the United Arab Republic
POINTS:
11. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
POINTS:
Name:
Class:
Date:
12. al-Fatah and Yasir Arafat
13. “six-day war,” 1967
14. Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Golan Heights
15. Yom Kippur War, 1973
16. Anwar al-Sadat and Menachem Begin and the Camp David Agreement
17. intifada
18. Itzhak Shamir and Lebanon
19. Jerusalem’s Temple Mount
20. Ehud Barak
21. Mahmoud Abbas v. Hamas
22. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
23. Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi’s Iran
Name:
Class:
Date:
24. Mohammad Mosaddeq
25. Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini
26. “the great Satan“
27. the United States Embassy hostage crisis
28. Iran’s Mohammad Khatemi
29. Iran’s Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
30. Iraq’s Saddam Hussein
31. Iran-Iraq war
32. the Kurds
33. Kuwait and a “greater Iraq“
34. Operation Desert Storm
Name:
Class:
Date:
35. September 11, 2001
36. Afghanistan and the Taliban
37. Arab Spring
38. Turkish model for Islam
39. Justice and Development Party
40. Israel’s Golda Meir
41. Turkey’s Ataturk
42. the chador and veil
43. Egypt’s Naguib Mahfouz’s Cairo Trilogy
44. Alaa al-Aswany The Yaccubian Building
45. Egypt’s Nawal el-Saadawi’s Two Women in One
46. Turkey’s Orhan Pamuk’s Snow
Name:
Class:
Date:
POINTS:
1
47. Hassan Rouhani
ANSWER:
Answer is not provided.
48. ulama
ANSWER:
Answer not provided.
49. Benjamin Netanyahu
ANSWER:
Answer not provided.
50. Mohamed Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood
Answer not provided.
51. David Ben-Gurion
Answer not provided.
POINTS:
1
52. “We Muslims are of one family even though we live under different governments and in various regions” was said by
a.
the Prophet Muhammed.
b.
Kemal Ataturk.
c.
Gamal Abdul Nasser.
d.
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
e.
Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini.
POINTS:
1
p. 308
53. Israel defeated the Arab states in 1948 because
a.
Israel had a larger population from which to raise an army.
b.
the Arabs suffered from internal divisions.
c.
the Arabs could not agree about the necessity to defend the Palestinians.
d.
United States troops fought side by side with the Israelis.
e.
Israel successfully occupied the Sinai Desert at the beginning of the conflict.
ANSWER:
b
REFERENCES:
p. 309
54. The Middle Eastern state whose delicate balance between Christians and Muslims was upset by the influx of
Palestinian refugees after the 1948 war was
a.
Jordan.
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
Syria.
c.
Yemen.
d.
Lebanon.
e.
Cyprus.
d
1
p. 309
55. The Middle Eastern state that is largely Muslim in religion but not really Arab in culture is
a.
Iraq.
b.
Palestine.
c.
Egypt.
d.
Syria.
e.
Jordan.
1
p. 309
56. After Egypt’s Abdul Gamal Nasser seized power in his own right in 1954 he
a.
followed a foreign policy sympathetic to the Soviet Union.
b.
nationalized the Suez Canal.
c.
restored King Farouk as a powerless symbol of the state.
d.
ended Farouk’s land reform program as being too costly.
e.
sided with Iraq in the Iran-Iraq war.
b
1
p. 310
57. The British-French-Israeli attack on Nasser’s Egypt in 1956 ended
a.
with a surprising Egyptian victory.
b.
with the destruction of the Suez Canal.
c.
with the Suez Canal permanently under an Anglo-French consortium.
d.
when the United States condemned the invasion, forcing a withdrawal of foreign troops.
e.
in an armistice, after which the World Court placed the Suez Canal under United Nations control.
d
1
p. 310
58. The United Arab Republic, created in 1958, was a union of
a.
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
b.
Lebanon and Syria.
c.
Iraq and Jordan.
d.
Yemen and Palestine.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
Egypt and Syria.
p. 310
59. One of the major issues that divided the Middle Eastern Arab states was the future
a.
use of oil resources.
b.
of Israel.
c.
of Palestine.
d.
of Jerusalem.
e.
Western colonialism in the region.
p. 311
60. The Palestine Liberation Organization, founded in 1964,
a.
was opposed by Egypt’s Nasser as too provocative towards the United States.
b.
was established by Great Britain as a counterbalance to the Balfour Agreement.
c.
guaranteed the continued existence of Israel so long as the Palestinians were awarded half of the state and
Jerusalem was placed under international control.
d.
stated that native Palestinians were the only rightful successors to the British mandate.
e.
was immediately followed by an Israeli guerrilla movement directed against Jordan’s West Bank.
p. 311
61. One of the factors complicating Israeli politics was
a.
that a majority of the population were Palestinians, many of the Muslim.
b.
the lack of any commitment to democratic procedures.
c.
proportional representation in the Knesset, often giving fringe parties an effective veto on the policies of the
center parties.
d.
the lack of support from the United States.
e.
the failure of foreign Jews to support Israel with either money or by immigration.
p. 311
62. In the 1967 war,
a.
Egypt’s Nasser seized the Suez Canal.
b.
Israel added one million Palestinians to its population.
c.
Jordan sided with Israel.
d.
Israel was forced to surrender the West Bank to Syria.
e.
Jerusalem was seized by Palestinian guerrillas.
Name:
Class:
Date:
p. 312
63. One of the issues that led Egypt to attack Israel in the Yom Kippur War was
a.
the fear that Israel might once against seize the Suez Canal.
b.
Israel’s continued control of all of Jerusalem.
c.
because of Israeli plans to build permanent settlements on the West Bank.
d.
to support Lebanon, which had been invaded by Israel.
e.
in retaliation for the Israeli assault on Kuwait.
p. 312
64. The 1978 agreement between Egypt’s Anwar Sadat and Israel’s Menachem Begin occurred at
a.
Jerusalem’s Wailing Wall.
b.
Camp David in the United States.
c.
Geneva in neutral Switzerland.
d.
the Palace of Versailles outside of Paris.
e.
the West Bank.
p. 312
65. Anwar al-Sadat’s policies included all of the following except
a.
emphasized free enterprise economic development.
b.
attacked Israel on Yom Kippur.
c.
signed the Camp David Agreement.
d.
replaced the United Arab Republic with the Arab Republic of Egypt.
e.
convinced Arab colleagues to accept Camp David Agreement.
p. 312
66. The PLO uprising against Israel in the 1980s and again in the late 1990s is referred to as the
a.
intifada.
b.
hajj.
c.
jihad.
d.
hegira.
e.
sakat.
p. 312
Name:
Class:
Date:
67. The radical group elected to power in Palestinian election in 2006 was
a.
Hamas.
b.
Hezbollah.
c.
OPEC.
d.
PLO.
e.
Ba’ath Party.
1
p. 313
68. In late 2000, peace talks between the PLO and the Israeli government broke down over
a.
Jordan River water rights.
b.
Israel’s failure to withdraw from Lebanon.
c.
threats from Iraq to use Scud missiles in the event of a permanent treaty of peace.
d.
whether or not the PLO was truly a democratic body.
e.
the future of Jerusalem.
1
p. 313
69. During most of the 1970s, Iran
a.
allied itself with the nearby Soviet Union against Western threats to seize Iran’s oil.
b.
was ruled by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
c.
suffered economic depression as a result of deep declines in the price of oil.
d.
was allied with Israel in Iran’s war against Iraq.
e.
successfully managed to solve its various social and economic challenges, including a major reform program
which distributed land to Iran’s peasant farmers.
b
1
p. 314
70. The Iranian revolution of 1979 was caused by all of the following except
a.
the autocratic nature of the Pahlavi regime.
b.
the alienation of the intellectual community.
c.
a generation-long decline in religious belief and religious influences among all Iranians.
d.
economic inflation.
e.
the presence of too many foreigners in Iran’s traditional society.
1
p. 314
71. The Iranian Prime Minister that attempted to nationalize the oil industry in 1951 was
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
Mohammad Mosaddeq.
b.
Ayatollah Khomeini.
c.
General Nasser
d.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
e.
Mohammad Khatami.
p. 314
72. Iran’s revolution
a.
quickly led to better relations with its neighbor, Iraq.
b.
established a republic under Islamic religious laws.
c.
created a society which allowed considerable social and intellectual freedom.
d.
placed the religious leaders under secular political control.
e.
ended its disputes with the United States, and in 1980 the Soviet Union became “the great Satan.”
p. 314
73. Relations between revolutionary Iran and the United States were confrontational for all of the following except
a.
Iran’s military alliance with the Soviet Union, directed against Israel.
b.
Americans were held hostage in Tehran.
c.
the Iranian government’s demand that the Shah be returned so he could be put on trial.
d.
President Jimmy Carter’s freezing of Iranian economic assets in the United States.
e.
America ended the purchase of Iranian oil.
p. 314
74. By the late 1990s, Iran’s Islamic revolution had
a.
succeeded in ending official corruption.
b.
overcome earlier economic problems, such as high inflation.
c.
permanently ended press censorship and university purges.
d.
temporarily elected to high office someone who could be considered a moderate.
e.
abandoned the chador requirement for women as being “unislamic.“
p. 314
75. After the election of Mohammad Khatami, most Iranian moderates
a.
had given up hope, given the absolute power of the Muslim clerics.
b.
believed that significant liberalization of Iranian society was at least a possibility.
c.
began to make plans for a possibly violent revolution against the conservatives.
Name:
Class:
Date:
d.
had fled the country, seeking exile abroad.
e.
hoped for military intervention by the United States in their battle against the Islamic conservatives.
b
1
p. 314
76. Tensions between Iran and Iraq escalated because of
a.
Iraq’s Shi’ite government’s opposition to Iran’s Sunni Moslem leadership.
b.
disputes about their common border with Saudi Arabia.
c.
the ambitions of the Ayatollah Khomeini to conquer Iraq by force.
d.
Iran’s sometime support for Kurdish rebels in Iraq’s mountainous north.
e.
Iran’s use of poison gas in the attempt to assassinate the family of Saddam Hussein.
d
1
p. 315
77. The 1990 victim of Saddam Hussein’s ambition to build a “greater Iraq” was
a.
Bahrain.
b.
Iran.
c.
Jordan.
d.
Kuwait.
e.
the United Arab Emirates.
d
1
p. 316
78. Saddam Hussein survived his defeat in the Gulf War because
a.
the victors feared a totally destroyed Iraq would tilt the Middle East balance of power towards Israel.
b.
the victors, including the United States, lacked the military resources to drive Hussein from power.
c.
Israel was more fearful of Iran than Iraq.
d.
the victors feared that a breakup of the country might ultimately benefit Iran.
e.
the belief that Hussein had learned his lesson and would now be a “good neighbor.”
d
1
p. 316
79. The first response by the United States after September 11, 2001, was to
a.
overthrow Afghanistan’s Taliban regime.
b.
negotiate a tentative truce with nuclear North Korea.
c.
invade Iraq and destroy the repressive regime of Saddam Hussain.
d.
seize Iranian monetary assets in Europe and North America.
e.
condemn the pro-terrorist statements of the French and German governments.
Name:
Class:
Date:
80. The fanaticism of the Taliban resembled the
a.
Cultural Revolution.
b.
Great Leap Forward.
c.
pan-Arabism.
d.
reign of terror.
e.
Nazism.
1
p. 317
81. When he died, Osama bin Laden was living in
a.
Pakistan.
b.
Afghanistan.
c.
Iran.
d.
Iraq.
e.
Egypt.
1
p. 317
82. The Arab Spring witnessed revolutions or riots in the following countries except
a.
Saudi Arabia.
b.
Tunisia.
c.
Egypt.
d.
Yemen.
e.
Libya.
1
p. 317
83. An example of a Middle Eastern state where charismatic leadership has given way to a modernizing bureaucratic
regime is
a.
Egypt.
b.
Israel.
c.
Jordan.
d.
Iraq.
e.
Algeria.
1
p. 319
1
p. 317
Name:
Class:
Date:
84. At the end of the twentieth century, the most prominent example of a Middle Eastern feudal monarchy was
a.
Egypt.
b.
Libya.
c.
Saudi Arabia.
d.
Iraq.
e.
Iran.
1
p. 319
85. The two Middle Eastern nations with large populations and almost no oil reserves are
a.
Jordan and Kuwait.
b.
Israel and Lebanon.
c.
Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
d.
Turkey and Egypt.
d
1
p. 320
86. Economic differences in the Middle East for both individuals and nations is the result of
a.
differences between Islam and Judaism.
b.
Sunni Muslims and Shi’ite Muslims.
c.
the abundance of oil or the lack of it.
d.
whether the state is democratic or authoritarian.
e.
whether the state has access to sea shipping lanes or is land-locked.
1
p. 320
87. Disparities in wealth have led some Arab regimes to adopt an Arab form of socialism, as in
a.
Iran and Iraq.
b.
Egypt and Syria.
c.
Jordan and Lebanon.
d.
Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.
e.
Turkey and Yemen.
b
1
p. 320
88. The Qur’an
a.
explicitly supports Islamic socialism.
b.
explicitly supports Islamic capitalism.
Name:
Class:
Date:
c.
limited the amount of interest which can be charged to 3 percent per annum.
d.
has little to say about economics.
e.
condemns all economic relationships as an offense to God.
d
1
p. 320
89. In 2012, the Muslim Brotherhood succeeded in getting its candidate Mohamed Morsi elected president of
a.
Egypt.
b.
Iraq.
c.
Iran.
d.
United Arab Emirates.
e.
Turkey.
1
p. 320
90. Descriptions of agricultural resources in the Middle East are all correct except
a.
the amount of arable land is limited.
b.
all foodstuffs must be imported from non-Middle Eastern food-producing nations.
c.
traditionally most fertile land was owned by absentee landlords.
d.
the most successful land reform program was instituted in Egypt.
e.
the region lacks sufficient water.
b
1
p. 320
91. Emigration in the Middle East, either temporary or permanent, has
a.
often involved the economics of oil.
b.
been the result of availability and access to the numerous religious shrines in the area.
c.
been minimal, as all states in the region oppose any and all emigration in order to maintain their population
resources.
d.
been widespread between Muslim states but never between Israel and the Palestinians.
e.
depended upon the availability of locally produced food supplies.
1
p. 320
92. Periods of “modernized” Islam had occurred in the twentieth century particularly in the states of
a.
Iraq, Jordan, and Iran.
b.
Egypt, Jordan, and Iraq.
c.
Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Jordan.
d.
Iran, Egypt, and Turkey.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
Turkey, Iraq, and Iran.
p. 322
93. The early twentieth century Middle Eastern leader, and the first head of state to attempt to secularize Islam, was
a.
King Farouk.
b.
Kemal Ataturk.
c.
Abdul Gamal Nasser.
d.
Saddam Hussein.
e.
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.
p. 322
94. Examples of Islamic “fundamentalism” have included all of the following except
a.
terrorism and assassinations.
b.
dress restrictions for women.
c.
abandonment of politics and public life generally.
d.
political victories in several states.
e.
press censorship.
p. 322-325
95. The modernist Islamic viewpoint argues that restrictions placed upon women, such as wearing the veil and polygamy,
were
a.
mistakes made by the Prophet’s immediate successors.
b.
part of a conspiracy to undermined Islamic beliefs during the Christian Crusades during the Middle Ages.
c.
a twentieth century reaction to Western imperialism.
d.
creations of the heretic Ottoman regime.
e.
pre-Islamic folk traditions.
p. 323
96. The more traditional view of women’s role has extended to all of the following except
a.
women are not allowed to attend university in Iran.
b.
women in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to drive automobiles.
c.
women are forced to wear a veil.
d.
women and men are segregated.
e.
women in Saudi Arabia are discouraged from receiving an education.
Name:
Class:
Date:
97. The central metaphor, for better or for worse, in the writings of Iranian women is
a.
the “ulama.”
b.
the veil and chador.
c.
the institution of polygamy.
d.
divorce.
e.
women’s liberation.
b
1
p. 324
98. At the end of the twentieth century, Iranian women
a.
were restricted to the home, caring for children.
b.
could not drive an automobile or appear in public.
c.
could attend universities and vote.
d.
were not allowed to write for publication.
e.
have been elected to many high political offices, including to that of the presidency.
1
p. 324
99. Which pairing of author and book is incorrect?
a.
Nawal el-Saadawi and Two Women in One.
b.
Alaa al-Aswany and The Yaccubian Building.
c.
David Grossman and To the End of the Land.
d.
Orphan Pamuk and Satanic Versus.
e.
Naguib Mahfouz and Cairo Trilogy.
d
p. 324-325
100. The Middle Eastern writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature was
a.
Iran’s Sadeq Hedayat.
b.
Iraq’s Mishima Yukio.
c.
Israel’s Amos Oz.’
d.
Egypt’s Naguib Mahfouz.
e.
Iran’s Sousan Azadi.
1
p. 324
p. 324
Name:
Class:
Date:
101. The modern Middle East
a.
has achieved considerable stability thanks to the vast amounts of oil which will result in the long run in
creating a prosperous and peaceful society.
b.
has, outside of Israel, reached a satisfactory agreement regarding the role of religion in civil society.
c.
is culturally united in matters of religion and politics, with only the existence of an independent Israel being a
continuing irritant to social peace and stability.
d.
will undoubtedly achieve a religious and social consensus in favor of “moderate” Islam and its beliefs and
practices.
e.
is experiencing an ethnic identity conflict between nationalism and the desire to be part of a broader Islamic
community.
p. 325
102. The Middle East played no role in the events of World War II.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 309
103. The Egyptian advocate of Pan-Arabism and the architect of the United Arab Republic was General Gamal Abdul
Nasser.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 310
104. Officials from both Israel and Palestine signed the Camp David agreement of 1978.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 312
105. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was assassinated in 2001 because of his support of peace between the
Palestinians and Israel.
a.
True
b.
False
False
p. 313
106. The Iranian revolution of 1979 drove the Pahlavi dynasty from power.
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 314
107. In the 1980s, Iraq’s Saddam Hussein fought a major war against the Republic of Turkey over which nation should
control the Kurds.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 315
108. Saddam Hussein invaded the United Arab Emirates in 1990.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 316
109. The invasion of Iraq in 2003 was supported by most of the United States traditional allies.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 317
110. The only nation in the Middle East that has firmly established democratic institutions is Israel.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
111. The Arab Spring has produced a clear victory for democracy in Egypt.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 317
112. The post-World War II Islamic revival reached a zenith in the 1979 Iranian Revolution.
a.
True
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
False
True
1
p. 322
113. Disputes over water rights are likely to increase due to increasing population in the Middle East.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 320
114. The issues the divide the Muslim states of the Middle East today are oil and democracy.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 325