A) HZ < HY < HX
B) HY < HZ < HX
C) HZ < HX < HY
D) HX < HZ < HY
121) Arrange the conjugate bases (A– = X–, Y–, or Z–) in order of increasing base strength.
A) Z– < Y– < X–
B) Y– < Z– < X–
C) Z– < X– < Y–
D) X– < Z– < Y–
122) Arrange the conjugate bases (A– = X–, Y–, or Z–) in order of increasing value of Kb.
A) Kb(Z–) < Kb(Y–) < Kb(X–)
B) Kb(Y–) < Kb(Z–) < Kb(X–)
C) Kb(Z–) < Kb(X–) < Kb(Y–)
D) Kb(X–) < Kb(Z–) < Kb(Y–)
123) The following pictures represent solutions of three salts NaA (A– = X–, Y–, or Z–); water molecules
and Na+ ions have been omitted for clarity. Arrange the three A– ions in order of decreasing base
strength.
A) X– > Y– > Z–
B) X– > Z– > Y–
C) Y– > Z– > X–
D) Z– > Y– > XZ–
The following pictures represent solutions of three salts MA; water molecules have been omitted for
clarity. Dotted spheres represent Ay– ions; gray spheres represent Mx+ ions; black spheres represent
oxygen atoms; and unshaded spheres represent hydrogen atoms.
124) Which picture represents an acidic salt?
A) (1)
B) (2)
C) (3)
D) None of these
125) Which picture represents a neutral salt?
A) (1)
B) (2)
C) (3)
D) None of these
126) Which picture represents a basic salt?
A) (1)
B) (2)
C) (3)
D) None of these
127) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the strongest binary acid,
H2X or HX, where
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
128) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the weakest binary acid,
H2X or HX, where X = A, B, C, or D?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
129) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the strongest oxoacid acid
with the formula H2XO3 or HXO3, where X = A, B, C, or D?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
130) Of the elements indicated on the periodic table shown above, which forms the weakest oxoacid acid
with the formula H2XO3 or HXO3, where X = A, B, C, or D?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
131) SO3 reacts with H2O to form H2SO4. Which picture below correctly represents the curved arrow
notation for the initial Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction in this reaction; what is the Lewis acid and the
Lewis base?
A) Picture (1) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and SO3 is the Lewis base.
B) Picture (1) is correct; SO3 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
C) Picture (2) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and SO3 is the Lewis base.
D) Picture (2) is correct; SO3 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
46
132) CO2 reacts with H2O to form HCO3– and H+. Which picture below correctly represents the curved
arrow notation for the initial Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction in this reaction; what is the Lewis acid
and the Lewis base?
(1) (2)
A) Picture (1) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and CO2 is the Lewis base.
B) Picture (1) is correct; CO2 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
C) Picture (2) is correct; H2O is the Lewis acid and CO2 is the Lewis base.
D) Picture (2) is correct; CO2 is the Lewis acid and H2O is the Lewis base.
133) BF3 and NH3 undergo a Lewis acid-base reaction forming an adduct. Which picture below correctly
represents the curved arrow notation for the initial Lewis acid-Lewis base interaction in this reaction;
what is the Lewis acid and the Lewis base?
A) Picture (1) is correct; NH3 is the Lewis acid and BF3 is the Lewis base.
B) Picture (2) is correct; BF3 is the Lewis acid and NH3 is the Lewis base.
C) Picture (3) is correct; NH3 is the Lewis acid and BF3 is the Lewis base.
D) Picture (4) is correct; BF3 is the Lewis acid and NH3 is the Lewis base.
15.2 Algorithmic Questions
1) When dissolved in water, which compound is generally considered to be an Arrhenius acid?
A) CH3CO2H
B) NaOH
C) Na2CO3
D) CH3CH2OH
2) Which Br∅nsted-Lowry acid is not considered to be a strong acid in water?
A) HCl
B) HI
C) H ClO3
D) H2SO4
3) An Arrhenius acid is best defined as a
A) electron pair donor.
B) proton acceptor.
C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydrogen ions.
D) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions.
4) An Arrhenius base is best defined as a
A) electron pair donor.
B) hydroxide acceptor.
C) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydrogen ions.
D) substance that dissociates in water to produce aqueous hydroxide ions.
5) When dissolved in water, which of the following compounds is an Arrhenius base?
A) CH3OH
B) HOCl
C) NaOH
D) CsF
6) A Br∅nsted-Lowry acid is best defined as a substance that can
A) accept an hydroxide ion.
B) donate an hydroxide ion.
C) accept a proton.
D) donate a proton.
7) Which one of the following species acts as a Br∅nsted-Lowry acid in water?
A) NaH
B) NH4+
C) CH3NHCH3
D) C6H6
8) In the following chemical equation indicate the reactant that is a Br∅nsted-Lowry base.
HCN(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + CN–(aq)
A) HCN
B) H2O
C) H3O+
D) CN–
9) Indicate all the Br∅nsted-Lowry acids in the following chemical reaction.
HBr(aq) + H2O(aq) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + Br–(aq)
A) HBr, H2O
B) HBr, H3O+
C) HBr, Br–
D) HBr, H2O, H3O+
10) Which one of the following can behave either as a Br∅nsted-Lowry acid or a Br∅nsted-Lowry base in
an aqueous solution reaction?
A) HSO4–
B) CH4
C) HI
D) H3PO4
11) Which Br∅nsted-Lowry base has the strongest conjugate acid?
A) CH3CO2–
B) OH–
C) F–
D) NO3–
12) Which Br∅nsted-Lowry acid has the strongest conjugate base?
A) CH4
B) HClO4
C) HF
D) Hl
13) What is the geometric shape of the hydrated proton; that is, the hydronium ion H3O+?
A) angular
B) trigonal pyramidal
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
14) Which is not a hydrate of a proton?
A) H3O+
B) H17O8+
C) H19O8+
D) H43O21+
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15) What is the strongest acid among the following?
A) HF
B) HCl
C) H2O
D) H2S
16) Which acid of the following set has the strongest conjugate base?
A) CH4
B) NH3
C) H2S
D) HCl
17) What is the strongest base among the following?
A) IO–
B) IO2–
C) IO3–
D) IO4–
18) What is the strongest acid among the following?
A) H2SO3
B) H2SO4
C) H2SeO2
D) H2TeO4
19) What is the strongest acid among the following?
53
A) HIO
B) HIO2
C) HIO3
D) HIO4
20) What is the strongest acid among the following?
A) CH3CO2H
B) ClCH2CO2H
C) Cl2CHCO2H
D) Cl3CCO2H
21) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 2.50 × 10–4 M in
hydroxide ion.
A) 4.00 × 10-9 M
B) 4.00 × 10–10 M
C) 4.00 × 10–11 M
D) 5.00 × 10–11 M
22) Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution that contains 3.50 × 10-5 M in
hydronium ion.
A) 2.86 × 10-2 M
B) 2.86 × 10-9 M
C) 2.86 × 10–10 M
D) 3.50 × 10–10 M
23) A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 3.25 × 10-5 M is ________ and has a hydroxide ion
concentration of ________.
54
A) acidic, 3.08 × 10-9 M
B) acidic, 3.08 × 10–10 M
C) basic, 3.08 × 10-9 M
D) basic, 3.08 × 10–10 M
24) A solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 4.15 × 10-7 M is ________ and has a hydrogen ion
concentration of ________.
A) acidic, 2.41 × 10-7 M
B) acidic, 2.41 × 10-8 M
C) basic, 2.41 × 10-7 M
D) basic, 2.41 × 10-8 M
25) Normal rainfall has a concentration of OH– that is 3.99 × 10-9. The concentration of H3O+ in normal
rainfall is
A) greater than 3.99 × 10–9, and the rain is acidic.
B) greater than 3.99 × 10-9, and the rain is basic.
C) less than 3.99 × 10-9, and the rain is acidic.
D) less than 3.99 × 10-9, and the rain is basic.
26) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of acetic acid that contains hydronium ion.
A) 2.41 × 10–12 M
B) 4.15 × 10–3 M
C) 2.38
D) 11.62
27) Calculate the pH for an aqueous solution of pyridine that contains hydroxide ion.
A) 2.41 × 10–11
B) 4.15 × 10–4
C) 3.38
D) 10.62
28) What is the hydroxide ion concentration and the pH for a hydrochloric acid solution that has a
hydronium ion concentration of
A) 6.67 × 10-8 M, 6.82
B) 6.67 × 10-8 M, 7.18
C) 6.67 × 10-9 M, 5.82
D) 6.67 × 10-9 M, 8.17
29) What is the hydronium ion concentration and the pH for an aqueous solution of NH3 that has a
hydroxide ion concentration of
A) 4.44 × 10–10 M and 4.65
B) 4.44 × 10–10 M and 9.35
C) 4.44 × 10–11 M and 3.65
D) 4.44 × 10–11 M and 10.35
30) What is the hydronium ion concentration of an acid rain sample that has a pH of 3.25?
A) 1.78 × 10–11 M
B) 5.62 × 10-4 M
C) 3.25 M
D) 10.75 M
31) What is the hydroxide ion concentration of a lye solution that has a pH of 13.20?
A) 6.31 × 10–14 M
B) 1.58 × 10-1 M
C) 0.80 M
D) 13.20 M
32) What statement is most consistent for an acid with a pH = 1?
A) one one-hundredth as strong as an acid with a pH of 3
B) half a strong as an acid with a pH = 3
C) twice as strong as an acid with a pH of 3
D) one hundred times as strong as an acid with a pH = 3
33) What is the pH of a 0.040 M HClO4 solution?
A) 0.040
B) 0.080
C) 1.40
D) 12.60
34) What is the pH of a 0.020 M Ba(OH)2 solution?
A) 1.40
B) 1.70
C) 12.30
D) 12.60