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42. When humans or rats have a variety of tasty foods available,
a. humans increase their food intake, but rats do not.
b. rats increase their food intake, but humans do not.
c. both rats and humans increase their food intake.
d. food intake remains constant for both.
43. All of the following are methods to assess body fat EXCEPT:
a. imaging the body
b. skin-fold technique
c. body-mass index
d. self-reports
44. Self-reports indicate that overweight people ________ and objective measurements
indicate that overweight people _______.
a. eat less; eat more
b. eat less; eat less
c. eat more; eat more
d. eat more; eat less
45. Using body mass index (BMI), a BMI of ____ to _____ is defined as overweight.
a. 30; 45
b. 25; 29.9
c. 17.9; 25
d. 25; 30
46. Extreme obesity has ______ during the 1990s.
a. stayed the same
b. doubled
c. tripled
d. decreased
47. All of the following are explanations that researchers have suggested for why obesity has
increased in the past two decades EXCEPT:
a. increased consumption of fast food.
b. increased consumption of sweetened soda.
c. increased consumption of genetically modified foods.
d. decreases in physical activity.
48. If using BMI to define obesity and overweight, then _____ of adults are overweight and
obese in the US.
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a. 23%
b. 33%
c. 55%
d. 67%
49. One possible explanation as to why individuals have differing setpoints is
a. genetics.
b. past success or failure at diets.
c. ethnicity.
d. age.
50. Although there is support for a _____ explanation of obesity, this does not fully explain
the rise of obesity since obesity rates have skyrocketed in the past two decades.
a. setpoint
b. genetic
c. positive incentive
d. biological
51. Research on sleep and weight has shown that __________ precedes weight gain.
a. short sleep duration
b. many naps
c. long sleep cycle
d. both a and b
52. Eating foods high in ______ may increase appetite rather than lead to feelings of
satiation.
a. calories
b. carbohydrates
c. fat
d. flavor
53. The pattern of risk factors called metabolic syndrome include all of the following
EXCEPT:
a. excess abdominal fat
b. heart disease
c. insulin resistance
d. problems with levels of cholesterol
54. In general, the relationship between weight and poor health is
a. S-shaped.
b. U-shaped.
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c. direct—the heavier the person, the greater the risk for poor health.
d. inverse—the heavier the person, the lower the risk for poor health.
55. Studies from the United States and Europe show that people begin to have a slight risk
for all-cause mortality after their body mass index reaches ____ or higher.
a. 20
b. 24
c. 28
d. 32
56. Bart is concerned because his 75-year-old grandfather has always been about 20 pounds
overweight and refuses to diet. Bart should know that
a. losing weight after age 50 doubles the risk for cardiovascular disease.
b. after age 65, losing weight might actually be dangerous.
c. his grandfather should go on a diet whether or not he wants to do so.
d. both a and c are correct.
57. In general, which of these people would have the GREATEST risk for health problems
due to being overweight?
a. a 50-year-old man who is 20% over his ideal weight with most of the extra weight
on his thighs and hips
b. a 50-year-old man who is 20% over his ideal weight with most extra weight
around his abdomen
c. a 50-year-old woman who is 20% over her ideal weight
d. a 26-year-old woman who is 25% over her ideal weight
58. Research has shown a positive relationship between obesity and
a. high blood pressure.
b. nonfatal heart disease.
c. diabetes.
d. all of these.
59. Research has found which of these weight-related factors to be MOST dangerous?
a. distribution of weight around the waist and abdomen
b. distribution of weight around the thighs and hips
c. low body mass index
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d. being 10 pounds overweight
60. Which of these people has the GREATEST danger of developing a health problem?
a. a woman who is 15 pounds overweight
b. a woman whose weight is 10% above the weight recommended by the weight
charts
c. a man whose weight is a stable 12% above the weight recommended by the
weight charts
d. a man who gains 20% above the ideal recommended weight
61. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet
a. may initially produce weight loss.
b. is an attractive dieting choice for many people.
c. produces a higher dropout rate than some other programs.
d. all of these.
62. A single-food diet (for example, all the hard-boiled eggs you want)
a. will not produce weight loss unless the single food is low in calories.
b. is nutritionally more balanced than most liquid diets.
c. may produce weight loss after the dieter becomes bored with the lack of variety in
the diet.
d. is usually a high fiber, low-carbohydrate diet.
63. Both low-carbohydrate diets and low-fat diets share one drawback:
a. neither produces weight loss.
b. both are unhealthy.
c. both produce high dropout rates.
d. all of these.
64. Which weight loss program is likely to have the greatest problem with relapse?
a. a very low-calorie diet that produces quick weight loss
b. a program that adds posttreatment sessions
c. a behavior modification program
d. a program that includes social support and aerobic exercise
65. Behavior modification programs for weight control usually
a. punish unhealthy eating habits.
b. punish weight gain.
c. reinforce healthy eating habits.
d. reinforce weight loss.
66. Exercise
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a. stimulates appetite and results in overeating and weight gain.
b. must be combined with calorie restrictions for weight loss to occur.
c. tends to increase the setpoint, adjusting it upward.
d. may be sufficient by itself to cause weight loss.
67. Gastric bypass surgery
a. usually produces massive weight loss.
b. carries health risks from the surgical procedure.
c. has replaced liposuction as the most common surgical approach to weight control.
d. both a and b.
68. What would you tell your female friend who is 15 pounds above her ideal weight and
who has asked you for advice?
a. “Give up sweets for 6 weeks.”
b. “You look great. Forget about losing weight.”
c. “Forget about dieting; adopt a regular exercise program and stop overeating.”
d. “Eat the same kinds of food you’re eating now, but only about half as much.”
69. Which of these is the most effective combination for substantial weight loss during
dieting and maintaining weight loss after 1 year?
a. fat suctioning and liquid protein diet
b. prescription amphetamines and nonprescription phenylpropylalamine
c. low-calorie diet and increased physical activity
d. high carbohydrate diet and psychoanalysis
70. Most people who lose weight
a. maintain their weight loss.
b. do so without the help of a program or therapist.
c. do so by taking diet pills.
d. continue a downward spiral of weight loss.
71. When overweight children attempt to lose weight,
a. they are less successful than adults.
b. they succeed in behavioral programs that involve their family.
c. boys succeed but girls do not.
d. they tend to become diabetic after losing about 10% of their body weight.
72. The safest and surest way to lose weight and be healthy is to
a. exercise
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b. eat healthy
c. rely on diet pills
d. both a and b
73. In a survey of adults, ______ of women were trying to lose weight.
a. 20%
b. 38%
c. 42%
d. 76%
74. Diets that contain _______ are good choices to help weight loss.
a. high fiber from fruits and veggies
b. low-fat foods
c. low-carbohydrate foods
d. liquid food
75. One recent study found that dieters who ________ lost twice as much weight as those on
the same program that did not.
a. went to therapy
b. kept a food diary
c. exercised twice a week
d. both a and c
76. A review of commercial weight loss programs found that individuals ________ in 1-2
years.
a. regain 50% of their weight
b. keep their lost weight off
c. regain 10% of their weight
d. keep losing weight
77. One simple technique to keep yourself on track after a weight loss program is to
___________.
a. weigh yourself daily
b. join a different weight loss program
c. exercise daily
d. never weigh yourself
78. Research suggests that
a. losing weight as rapidly as possible is the best dieting strategy.
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b. dieters who seek therapy for weight loss are less likely to maintain their weight
loss than those who lose weight on their own.
c. dieting speeds metabolic rate, thus facilitating weight loss.
d. people should not remain on the same diet for more than 6 weeks.
79. Who is most likely to gain health benefits from dieting?
a. a person with a BMI of 26 who is able to lose weight but gains it back
b. a 55-year-old who has gained 15 pounds over the past 5 years
c. a person who was 25 pounds over ideal weight but who has already lost 15
pounds
d. a person who is 40 pounds overweight and is able to lose 10% of her body weight
80. People who __________ lose weight may experience health benefits; those who
____________ lose weight are at increased risk for health problems.
a. unintentionally . . . intentionally
b. intentionally . . . unintentionally
c. rapidly . . . slowly
d. always . . . never
81. Victoria is anorexic. Which of these is LEAST likely to be characteristic of her?
a. has experienced little emotional support from her family
b. upper-middle or upper social class
c. increased interest in sexual activity
d. loss of scalp hair
82. Which of these characteristics is LEAST likely among anorexics?
a. young, White, and female
b. preoccupation with food
c. view of self as too thin
d. ambitious and perfectionist
83. Although individual differences exist among anorexics, one characteristic typically found
is
a. a denial of femininity.
b. a fear of motherhood.
c. achievement orientation.
d. a dislike of cooking or being around food.
84. Chris is anorexic. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a characteristic of Chris?
a. a view of self as being too fat
b. male
c. a preoccupation with food
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d. ambitious, with high needs for achievement
85. Anorexics are most likely to have experienced
a. physical and sexual abuse.
b. emotional support from parents.
c. a close and warm relationship with their mother.
d. failure in school.
86. Male anorexics are quite similar to female anorexics in terms of social class and family
configuration, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis. However, they differ from female
anorexics in that their ideal body build is
a. muscular.
b. tall.
c. short.
d. corpulent.
87. The immediate aim of treatment programs for anorexics is usually
a. increased self-esteem.
b. better relationships with parents.
c. weight restoration.
d. weight loss.
88. Which of these groups of people are LEAST motivated to seek help for their eating
disorder?
a. men with bulimia
b. women with anorexia
c. moderately overweight women
d. severely obese men
89. An anorexic is MOST likely to make which statement?
a. “I wish I had as much control over my weight as other people do.”
b. “If I gain one pound, I’ll never stop gaining.”
c. “I can’t stand the sight or smell of food.”
d. “I would give anything to be like other people.”
90. Demographic descriptions of anorexics and bulimics are similar in many ways. Which is
NOT a similarity?
a. female
b. desire to be thin
c. guilt concerning one’s eating habits
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d. childhood physical or sexual abuse
91. After treatment that includes hospitalization and weight gain, anorexics
a. usually retain the urge to be thin.
b. usually return to normal eating.
c. often show other signs of psychological problems.
d. both a and c.
92. After treatment, anorexics
a. usually become bulimic.
b. change their body image.
c. may still have difficulty reaching a healthy body weight.
d. typically become more compliant with their parents’ wishes.
93. Unlike anorexics, bulimics
a. are usually male.
b. are usually female.
c. seldom fast from food.
d. frequently feel guilty over their eating patterns and are motivated to change.
94. Terry is bulimic. Which of these is LEAST likely to be characteristic of Terry?
a. female
b. severe obesity
c. problems with alcohol
d. kleptomania
95. Charlotte is bulimic. Which of these is LEAST likely to be characteristic of Charlotte?
a. binging
b. purging
c. amenorrhea
d. use of laxatives
96. ______ are MOST likely to be described as lacking impulse control.
a. Anorexics
b. Bulimics
c. Binge eaters
d. Both bulimics and binge eaters
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97. Tiffany has been diagnosed with bulimia. A strong possibility exists that Tiffany
a. is a high achiever in school.
b. was sexually abused as a child.
c. is 30 to 40 pounds underweight.
d. has a high level of self-esteem.
98. The cognitive behavioral treatment for bulimia aims to
a. change eating patterns.
b. change distorted cognitions concerning body image.
c. prompt weight gain.
d. both a and b
99. Franny consumes as little as 300 calories a day, and though she is underweight, she
believes herself to be overweight and is afraid of gaining more weight. It is likely Franny
is ________.
a. bulimic
b. anorexic
c. binging
d. both a and c
100. All of the following are risks for eating disorders EXCEPT:
a. being unambitious
b. having negative family interactions
c. a history of sexual abuse during childhood
d. low self-esteem
101. Bulimics purge to ______ weight and anorexics purge to _______ weight.
a. lose; lose
b. maintain; lose
c. gain; lose
d. maintain; gain
102. A recent review found that ________ were not an effective therapy for anorexia.
a. antipsychotic drugs
b. cognitive behavioral therapy
c. group therapy
d. family therapy
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103. Lisa frequently goes on an eating binge, but she never purges afterward. Lisa is
about 40 pounds overweight. Lisa most likely has
a. anorexia nervosa.
b. bulimia nervosa.
c. binge eating disorder.
d. no identifiable disorder.
104. Individuals with anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder all share
a. weight concerns.
b. body image problems.
c. high self-esteem.
d. both a and b
105. Which of these eating problems is MOST prevalent in the United States?
a. anorexia nervosa
b. bulimia
c. overeating
d. experimental starvation
106. ______________ is an effective therapy for anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating.
a. Aversion therapy
b. Cognitive behavior therapy
c. Invasive therapy
d. No one therapy
107. All of the following are consequences of purging for bulimics EXCEPT:
a. damaged teeth, mouth, and esophagus
b. alkalosis
c. anemia
d. weight loss
108. The preferred treatment for bulimia is
a. antipsychotic drugs
b. cognitive behavioral therapy
c. group therapy
d. family therapy
109. To be diagnosed with ______, individuals must binge eat at least once a week for
three months, have feelings of a lack of control, and feel distress over their purging
behavior.
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a. anorexia
b. bulimia
c. binge eating disorder
d. over-eating
110. Alcohol and drug use problems are common for individuals with
a. anorexia
b. bulimia
c. binge eating disorder
d. both b and c
111. The most common eating disorder is
a. anorexia
b. bulimia
c. binge eating disorder
d. both b and c
112. One difficulty in treating binge eating is that often _______ does not occur even if
the binge eating stops.
a. weight loss
b. depression
c. anxiety
d. drug use
True/False Questions
1. Without moisture provided by the salivary glands, taste buds on the tongue do not function.
2. All obese people overeat.
3. Overeating is the sole cause of obesity.
4. The immune system has the most diseases and disorders than any other body system.
5. Metabolic rates are similar across people.
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6. A person with a body mass index of 45 would be considered to be obese.
7. The body mass index considers neither gender nor body frame.
8. The setpoint model suggests that it should be quite easy to gain or lose weight.
9. A big butt is healthier than a fat gut.
10. All anorexics restrict their food intake.
11. In a population of college women, bulimia would be more prevalent than anorexia.
12. Bulimia is more likely to be fatal than anorexia.
13. Girls from higher income families are more likely to be bulimics than girls from lower
socioeconomic class families.
14. European American females are more likely to have an eating disorder than any other ethnic
group.
Essay Questions
1. What is the relationship between overeating and obesity?
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2. Evaluate the role of hormones in weight regulation.
3. Evaluate the adequacy of the setpoint model and the positive incentive model to explain
obesity.
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4. Darlene is 15 pounds heavier than the ideal (according to the Metropolitan Insurance
Company charts), and she believes she should go on a diet to lose 15 pounds. Advise her as
to what type of diet to choose and what type to avoid.
5. Darlene is 15 pounds heavier than the ideal. Should she diet to improve her health?
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6. What are the behavioral differences between anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating? Are there
similarities?
7. What are the differences in health consequences among anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating?
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