Chapter 14 What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new

1. Family therapy perspectives call for a conceptual shift from evaluating individuals to focusing on:

a. system dynamics.

b. individual symptoms.

c. the identified client only.

d. anindividual’sreactions.

2. Alfred Adler and Rudolf Dreikurs and their associates were the first known practitioners of family therapy, often

using a model now called:

a. closed-forum family counseling.

b. closed-forum individual counseling.

c. open-forum family counseling.

d. open-forum individual counseling.

3. Instructuralstrategicfamilytherapy,__________mustoccurinafamilybeforeanindividual’ssymptomscanbe

reduced or eliminated.

a. solution-oriented changes

b. therapist directions

c. focus on the present

d. structural changes

4. Adler introduced __________ to our understanding of the family system (or family constellation).

a. the power structure

b. cultural context

c. balance of leadership

d. phenomenology

5. Feminism, multiculturalism, and postmodern social constructionism have all entered the family therapy field. These

models are more collaborative, treating clients as:

a. passive participants in their journey.

b. the experts in their own lives.

c. needing an expert.

d. an individual without the ability to make decisions.

6. An integrative approach to the practice of family therapy includes guiding principles that help the therapist organize

all of the following, except:

a. goals.

b. interactions.

c. observations.

d. medications.

7. The concept of triangulation is most associated with:

a. Virginia Satir.

b. Murray Bowen.

c. Salvador Minuchin.

d. Rudolf Dreikurs.

8. From the family systems perspective, symptoms are often viewed as:

a. an expression of a set of habits and patterns within a family.

b. evidence of psychopathology.

c. a sign of weakness.

d. a result of cognitive distortions.

9. What is the technique in family therapy that casts a new light on a problem and provides a different interpretation for

a problematic situation?

a. Reorganization

b. Family mapping

c. Restructuring

d. Reframing

10. AmajorcontributionofBowen’stheoryisthenotionof:

a. birth order as a determinant of personality.

b. differentiation of the self.

c. family rules and communication patterns.

d. spontaneity, creativity, and play as therapeutic factors in family therapy.

11. The systems perspective implies:

a. individuals are autonomous and independent of their families.

b. theexternalenvironmentisthemostpowerfulinfluenceonanindividual’sdevelopment.

c. individuals are best understood through the context of their role in their family.

d. systematic intervention is required to deconstruct an unhealthy family interaction pattern.

12. When __________ occurs, a ripple effect flows throughout the family system.

a. change

b. an argument

c. a negative behavior

d. tradition

13. __________ is based on the subjective descriptions that family members use to define themselves and the

interactions that occur in everyday life.

a. Problem solution

b. Family directive

c. Assessment

d. Reframing

14. A tool for collecting and organizing key relationships in a three-generational extended family is a:

a. lifestyle assessment.

b. family sketch.

c. genogram.

d. projective test.

15. In the assessment process, questions a family therapist might ask include all of the following, except:

a. What does each family member bring to the session?

b. How can I give voice to my own impulses and fantasies?

c. Who makes decisions? How are conflicts resolved or problems handled?

d. Are the parents effective leaders of the family, and is the process of leadership balanced or imbalanced?

16. Satir’shumanvalidationprocessmodelemphasizes:

a. family rules.

b. functional versus dysfunctional communication patterns.

c. family roles and triads.

d. communication and emotional experiencing.

17. The one central principle agreed upon by family therapy practitioners, regardless of their particular approach, is that:

a. the client is connected to living systems.

b. family dysfunction is typically caused by the most dominant family member.

c. lack of differentiation is the primary cause of all family dysfunction.

d. the empty chair technique is the most effective technique.

18. Whichapproachtofamilytherapycontendsthatone’scurrentfamilyproblemswillnotsignificantlychangeuntil

relationshippatternsinone’sfamilyoforiginareunderstoodanddirectlychallenged?

a. Bowenian family therapy

b. Human validation process model

c. Structural family therapy

d. Strategic family therapy

19. The techniques of joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, reframing, ordeals, enactments, and paradoxical

interventions are most likely to be part of which approach to family therapy?

a. Bowenian family therapy

b. Adlerian family therapy

c. Structural-strategic family therapy

d. Strategic family therapy

20. We create, maintain, and live by often __________ that we hope will keep the family (and each of its members)

functional.

a. the use of bibliotherapy

b. differentiation of the self

c. agreed upon rules

d. unspoken rules and routines

21. Roger and his wife are experiencing tension in their relationship because he believes she is far too lenient with their

childrenwhentheymisbehave.Thisforceshimtoplaytheroleof“badcop”asaparent,whichmakeshimangry.

A family therapist working with Roger and his family might:

a. helptomodifythefamily’stransactionalrulesanddevelopmoreappropriateboundaries.

b. refer Roger to individual therapy since he clearly needs to work through his unresolved issues that are

causing him to feel so angry.

c. takeRoger’ssideandeducatehiswifeaboutappropriatedisciplinarypractices.

d. focusongettingthechildrentostopmisbehavingsothatRogerandhiswifewon’texperiencethistension.

22. Therapists begin to form a relationship with clients from the moment of:

a. first contact.

b. complete trust.

c. family introductions.

d. engaging in deep conversation.

23. Chun Hei is a Korean immigrant who has been separated from her family and friends for over a year since she

came to the U.S. with her husband. She spends her days taking care of their two young children while he goes to

work, and feels increasingly depressed without her support system. It is likely that a family therapist who meets

Chun Hei would:

a. prescribe her antidepressant medication.

b. be very interested in how her depression affects others in the family and how it influences family process.

c. abandon using a systems approach, and treat her with cognitive behavioral methods.

d. be directive and tell her to convince her husband to go back to Korea so she will once again have family

support.

24. Which approach assumes that a family can best be understood when it is analyzed from at least a three-generational

perspective?

a. Bowenian family therapy

b. Human validation process model

c. Social constructionism

d. Strategic family therapy

25. Whichapproachassertsthatunresolvedemotionalreactivitytoone’sfamilymustbeaddressedifonehopesto

achieve a mature and unique personality?

a. Bowenian family therapy

b. Adlerian family therapy

c. Social constructionism

d. Strategic family therapy

26. A couple directs the focus of their energy toward a problematic son as a way to avoid facing or dealing with their

own conflicts. This is an example of:

a. enmeshment.

b. normal love.

c. displacement.

d. triangulation.

27. In working with a triangulated relationship, Bowen would be inclined to place primary emphasis on:

a. joining the family.

b. engaging in personal self-disclosure to build trust.

c. maintaining a stance of neutrality.

d. siding with one member involved in the triangle.

28. Structural family therapy includes all of the following goals except for bringing about structural change by:

a. modifyingthefamily’stransactionalrules.

b. developing more appropriate boundaries.

c. reducing symptoms of dysfunction.

d. the therapist taking a not-knowing stance with a family.

29. The opposite of a differentiated self is experienced as:

a. emotional reactivity.

b. theintegrationofone’svariousparts.

c. movement toward self-actualization.

d. attunement with others.

30. To prevent his parents from leaving the house, Miguel throws temper tantrums. His parents have given in to his

demands and never go out to dinner or to movies anymore. A structural-strategic therapist working with Miguel

and his parents will most likely:

a. have them participate in an enactment during the therapy session.

b. explain with a genogram the origins of Miguel’s temper tantrums.

c. helpMiguel’sparentstodevelopdifferentiatedselves.

d. do a lifestyle assessment.

31. Which of the following individuals is not associated with family therapy?

a. Alfred Adler

b. Rudolf Dreikurs

c. Fritz Perls

d. Salvador Minuchin

32. Which approach would be most interested in the interactional patterns, or sequences, in the family?

a. Bowenian family therapy

b. Human validation process model

c. Structural-strategic family therapy

d. Social constructionism

33. To __________ is to form a set of ideas about people, systems, and situations that focus meaning in a useful way.

a. blame

b. hypothesize

c. placate

d. be irrelevant

34. Techniques are more important to models that see the therapist-as-expert and in charge of making change happen.

Collaborative approaches require:

a. planning.

b. individual techniques.

c. individual interventions.

d. isolation.

35. If we hope to work therapeutically with an individual, it is critical to consider him or her within the:

a. problematic system.

b. behavioral system.

c. individual system.

d. family system.

36. Which of the following theorists emphasized the development of a nurturing triad?

a. Minuchin

b. Haley

c. Satir

d. Bowen

37. By the late 1970s, the most used models in family systems therapy are:

a. behavioral approaches.

b. structural-strategic approaches.

c. the family process approach.

d. existential approaches.

38. The core of __________ model relied on the power of congruence to help family members communicate with

emotional honesty.

a. multigenerational family therapy

b. strategic family therapy

c. social constructionist therapy

d. human validation process

39. A limitation of the family systems model is:

a. therapistsalltoooftengetlostintheirconsiderationofthe“system.”

b. the systemic perspective can be overwhelming for the therapist.

c. family therapy is not well-suited to working with diverse clients.

d. an emphasis on family systems precludes a focus on emotions.

40. The therapy goals self-esteem and connection, and helping family members achieve congruent communication and

interaction are most associated with which theory of family therapy?

a. Bowen’smultigenerationalfamilytherapy

b. Satir’shumanvalidationprocessmodel

c. Dreikurs’sexperiential/symbolicfamilytherapy

d. Minuchin’sstructuralfamilytherapy

41. Bowen’smultigenerationalapproachstressestechniquesmorethanitdoestheory.

a. True

b. False

42. Familysystemstherapyrepresentsaparadigmshiftthatissometimescalled“thefourthforce.”

a. True

b. False

43. One of the key contributions of most systemic approaches is that neither the individual nor the family is blamed for a

particular dysfunction.

a. True

b. False

44. ThegoalofBowen’smultigenerationalfamilytherapyistounderstandone’sfamilyoforiginissuesandto

differentiate self within a system.

a. True

b. False

45. ThecornerstoneofBowen’stheoryisdifferentiationofself.

a. True

b. False

46. Some family therapists focus primarily on the nuclear family, which is based on Western notions, and this could

clearly be a shortcoming in working with clients in extended families.

a. True

b. False

47. Interventions used by the structural-strategic approaches include joining, boundary setting, unbalancing, and

reframing.

a. True

b. False

48. Satir’shumanvalidationmodelfocusesonfunctionalversusdysfunctionalcommunicationinfamilies.

a. True

b. False

49. BecauseBowen’smultigenerationalapproachlooksatfamiliesfromathreegenerationalperspective,thetherapistis

mainly interested in past happenings and does not pay much attention to present issues.

a. True

b. False

50. Minuchin’sstructuralstrategictherapyisbasedonthenotionthatanindividual’ssymptomsarebestunderstoodfrom

the vantage point of interactional patterns within a family, and that structural changes must occur in a family before

anindividual’ssymptomscanberesolved.

a. True

b. False

51. Structural-strategic family therapy deals with boundaries.

a. True

b. False

52. The goal of structural-strategic family therapy is to break down any hierarchical structure and replace it with equal

relationships among all family members.

a. True

b. False

53. Structural-strategic family therapists limit their interventions to families alone.

a. True

b. False

54. Minuchin’sapproachtotherapyisgearedmoretowardinsight,ratherthantakingaction.

a. True

b. False

55. Structural-strategic family therapy has its foundation in behavioral theory.

a. True

b. False

56. Structural-strategic family therapists do not generally deal with the presenting problem; rather, they focus on the

underlying symptom of a dysfunctional system.

a. True

b. False

57. The focus of structural-strategic family therapy is on growth and resolving historical conflicts in a family rather than

on dealing with present problems of a family.

a. True

b. False

58. The process of differentiation occurs in most cultures, but it takes on a different shape due to cultural norms.

a. True

b. False

59. The role of the family therapist involves being in charge of the session.

a. True

b. False

60. Strategic therapists do not rely on therapy techniques to bring about change but instead give more stress to the

therapist’srelationshipwithafamily.

a. True

b. False

61. Minuchin and other structural family therapists initiated their work with wealthy suburban clients.

a. True

b. False

62. Feminist, multicultural, and postmodern therapists are extremely aware of the power they have entering into

already established systems, and they work to promote understanding through curiosity and interest rather than

through formal assessments.

a. True

b. False

63. Understandingfamilyprocessisalmostalwaysfacilitatedby“how”questions.

a. True

b. False

64. Assessment is not considered useful in the family systems perspective.

a. True

b. False

65. Family therapists are wise to consider Western models of family functioning universal.

a. True

b. False

66. Families are multilayered systems that both affect and are affected by the larger systems in which they are

embedded.

a. True

b. False

67. Family systems therapy can be used when working with individual clients.

a. True

b. False

68. Family systems therapy is represented by a variety of theories and approaches, all of which focus on the relational

aspects of human problems.

a. True

b. False

69. There is a trend in the field of family therapy toward rejecting an integrative model of practice.

a. True

b. False

70. Bowenian therapists function in ways to bring about change through action-oriented directives and paradoxical

interventions.

a. True

b. False