Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
Chapter 14
DNA: The Genetic Material
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Viruses that attack bacteria are called
2. ___ is the genetic material for all cellular organisms and some viruses.
3. Nucleotides have a phosphate group attached at the ___ carbon atom of the sugar.
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
4. Watson and Crick developed a model of DNA in which the two strands twist into the shape
of a ________________.
5. Because the two strands of a DNA molecule are ________ to each other, either one can be
used as a template to reconstruct the other.
6. The synthesis of a growing strand of DNA is carried out by adding nucleotides to the ___
end of an existing strand.
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
7. DNA consists of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides held together by
8. The method of DNA replication, where each original strand is used as a template to build a
new strand, is called the
9. Which enzyme adds new nucleotides to the end of a growing strand?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
10. Who originally discovered the process of bacterial transformation?
11. When a mixture of live nonvirulent bacteria and dead virulent bacteria was injected into
mice, Griffith unexpectedly found that the injected mice died. He explained this result by
suggesting that the nonvirulent bacteria are being
12. Avery and his coworkers showed that the agent responsible for changing nonvirulent
bacteria into virulent bacteria was
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
13. Which statement about the Hershey-Chase experiment is false?
14. Based on their experiment with T2 bacteriophages, Hershey and Chase concluded that
15. After attaching to a bacterial cell, a bacteriophage typically
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
16. DNA primase
17. As the two strands of DNA are unraveled, which enzyme relieves the strain on the two
strands?
18. Which is not a component of nucleic acids?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
19. The chemical bond connecting one nucleotide with the next along one strand of a DNA
molecule is called a
20. Chargaff’s rules for the pairing of nitrogen bases is
21. Information obtained by Franklin from X-ray crystallography on DNA suggested that it is
shaped like a
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
22. In DNA, complementary nitrogen bases are held together by
23. The two strands of a DNA molecule contain nitrogen bases which are
24. Replication of DNA is
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
25. During DNA replication, each new strand begins with a short
26. The lagging strand is replicated with a series of Okazaki fragments and that is why its
synthesis is considered to be
27. DNA replication always proceeds by adding new bases to the _______ end of an existing
strand.
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
28. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is false?
29. The double helix model of DNA structure was proposed by
30. Griffith, a British microbiologist, used bacteria and mice to demonstrate the process of
transformation. During transformation,
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
31. In 1952, Hershey and Chase confirmed Avery’s (1944) conclusion that
32. If 14% of the nucleotides from a DNA molecule contain the base T, what percent will
contain the base G?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
Clarify Question
• What is the key concept addressed by the question?
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about base-pairing?
Consider Possibilities
• What other information is related to the question? Which information is most useful?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is most
likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
33. If a short sequence of DNA is 5′ AATTGCCGT 3′, its complement is
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
Clarify Question
•
What is the key concept addressed by the question? o This question addresses base-
pairing.
• What type of thinking is required?
• What key words does the question contain?
Gather Content
• What do you already know about base-pairing?
Consider Possibilities
• Consider the different answer options. Which can you rule out?
Choose Answer
• Given what you now know, what information and/or problem solving approach is
most likely to produce the correct answer?
Reflect on Process
• Did your problem-solving process lead you to the correct answer? If not, where did the
process break down or lead you astray? How can you revise your approach to produce a
more desirable result?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
34. After DNA replication is complete, each strand of the original molecule is bound to a new
complementary strand. This process is known as
35. The site where the two original DNA strands separate and active replication occurs is
called the
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
36. The replisome has two main subcomponents. They are
37. During replication, which enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix?
38. What is the correct sequence for DNA replication in E. coli?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
39. Eukaryotic organisms speed up the process of DNA replication by
40. Endonucleases and exonucleases are enzymes that can remove nucleotides from a
polynucleotide chain. An endonuclease removes nucleotides _______ while an exonuclease
removes nucleotides _____________.
41. During DNA replication, DNA pol III synthesizes the lagging strand in segments, called
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
42. Who proposed that the structure of DNA is a double helix with two polynucleotide chains
running in opposite directions and held together by hydrogen bonding between pairs of
nitrogenous bases?
43. Who demonstrated that phage genetic material is DNA and not protein?
44. Who provided X-ray diffraction photographs of purified DNA fibers that suggested a
helical structure with a consistent diameter of about 2 nm and a complete helical turn every
3.4 nm?
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
45. Who proposed that in any DNA molecule, A =T and G = C?
46. In Griffith’s experiments,
47. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty’s experiments revealed that the transforming principle
had all of the following properties except
Chapter 14 – DNA: The Genetic Material
48. If we think of the DNA double helix as a twisted ladder, what makes up the rungs or steps
of the ladder?
49. Deoxyribose has a carbon atom that is not part of the pentose ring. In a nucleotide, what
is attached to this carbon?