Chapter 14—Tobacco
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Every year in the United States, there are ____ deaths attributable to secondhand smoke.
a.
1000
b.
2000
c.
3000
d.
4000
2. The global economic cost associated with tobacco is _____ per year.
a.
50 billion
b.
$100 billion
c.
$250 billion
d.
$500 billion
3. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, every year, ____ Americans suffer from
serious smoking-related illnesses.
a.
2.6 million
b.
4.6 million
c.
6.6 million
d.
8.6 million
4. An individual with a high stress level is ____ times as likely to start smoking as a person with low
stress levels.
a.
5
b.
10
c.
15
d.
20
5. People with mental illnesses account for nearly _____ of the tobacco market in the U.S.
a.
one-quarter
b.
one-third
c.
one-half
d.
two-thirds
6. Smokers burn an extra ____ calories a day by smoking.
a.
100
b.
250
c.
500
d.
750
7. Smokers with a history of depression are about ____ as likely to quit smoking as other smokers.
a.
one-tenth
b.
half
c.
twice
d.
five times
8. Which of the following is true of “safer” cigarettes?
a.
They have less of an effect on blood flow.
b.
They are less addictive.
c.
They may deliver more nicotine.
d.
They have higher tar content.
9. _____ is defined as “a problematic pattern of tobacco use leading to clinically significant impairment
or distress.”
a.
Tobacco use disorder
b.
Nicotine consumption disorder
c.
Tobacco addiction
d.
Tobacco tolerance
10. Nicotine travels through the bloodstream to the brain in what amount of time?
a.
7 seconds
b.
17 seconds
c.
7 minutes
d.
17 minutes
11. What percentage of university students report that they have smoked tobacco in the past 30 days?
a.
7
b.
10
c.
13
d.
16
12. For female college students who take _____, even a few cigarettes a week can increase the
likelihood of heart disease, blood clots, stroke, liver cancer, and gallbladder disease.
a.
birth control pills
b.
antidepressants
c.
antihistamines
d.
painkillers
13. Universities that have chosen to ban smoking from designated residence halls report:
a.
increased retention of students
b.
increased damage to the buildings
c.
an increase in students moving off campus
d.
less enforcement of marijuana policies
14. Smoke during one’s pregnancy may result in:
a.
miscarriage
b.
late delivery
c.
increased weight gain
d.
higher birth weight of the baby
15. The addictive compound present in tobacco is
a.
tar
b.
benzene
c.
hydrogen cyanide
d.
nicotine
16. The neurotransmitter that is associated with feeling more alert is
a.
acetylcholine
b.
dopamine
c.
phenol
d.
adrenaline
17. One physiological effect of nicotine use is:
a.
decreased heart rate
b.
increased urine formation
c.
stimulation of appetite
d.
stimulation of adrenaline production
18. The dark, thick fluid that is produced as tobacco burns is:
a.
nicotine
b.
tar
c.
carbon monoxide
d.
formaldehyde
19. An important carcinogenic agent found in cigarettes is:
a.
nicotine
b.
tar
c.
carbon monoxide
d.
carbon dioxide
20. The term carcinogenic refers to ____.
a.
heart disease
b.
mental alertness
c.
cancer cell growth
d.
hunger and appetite
21. What is the deadly gas found both in burning cigarettes as well as in car exhaust?
a.
carbon monoxide
b.
nitrogen oxide
c.
carbon dioxide
d.
sodium oxide
22. The leading cause of death for smokers is:
a.
stroke
b.
lung cancer
c.
pneumonia
d.
heart attack
23. Smokers who suffer heart attacks have what percent chance of recovering?
a.
10%
b.
25%
c.
33%
d.
50%
24. Smoking’s effect on your chance of dying is similar to adding _____ years to your age.
a.
1 to 2
b.
2 to 5
c.
5 to 10
d.
10 to 15
25. Smokers of two or more packs a day have lung cancer mortality rates _____ times greater than
nonsmokers.
a.
2 to 3
b.
5 to 10
c.
10 to 15
d.
15 to 25
26. In ____, breathing is impaired by changes in the lung tissue, affecting the bronchioles and the walls
of the alveoli.
a.
asthma
b.
emphysema
c.
chronic bronchitis
d.
tuberculosis
27. What smoking condition causes the bronchial tubes to become inflamed and mucus production to
increase?
a.
emphysema
b.
chronic bronchitis
c.
chronic obstructive lung disorder
d.
asthma
28. The most common reason given by smokers for missing work more often than nonsmokers is:
a.
headaches
b.
respiratory illness
c.
angina pectoris
d.
dental problems
29. Water-pipe smoking:
a.
is safer than cigarette smoking
b.
uses a bidi
c.
tends to be done when individuals are alone
d.
is associated with lung cancer and respiratory illness
30. The skinny, sweet-flavored cigarettes that have become a smoking fad among teenagers are called:
a.
clove cigarettes
b.
bobbies
c.
cigis
d.
bidis
31. What is the ingredient found in clove cigarettes that deadens the throat and allows smokers to inhale
more deeply and hold the smoke longer?
a.
ethanol
b.
eugenol
c.
ethyl
d.
methanol
32. After cigarettes, the tobacco product college students are most likely to use is ____.
a.
snus
b.
pipes
c.
cigars
d.
smokeless tobacco
33. Over the past decade, use of smokeless tobacco by teenage boys has
a.
decreased 30%.
b.
decreased 10%
c.
increased 10%
d.
increased 30%
34. Which of the following is true of bidis?
a.
They contain twice as much tobacco as regular cigarettes.
b.
The tar level in bidi smoke is five times that of regular filtered cigarettes.
c.
They have one-quarter the nicotine of regular cigarettes.
d.
They are much safer than regular cigarettes.
35. The majority of former smokers quit
a.
by using hypnosis
b.
on their own
c.
before they are 30
d.
on their first attempt
36. The type of smoking cessation method that presents a negative stimulus when the smoker tries to light
up is known as:
a.
nicotine replacement therapy
b.
aversion therapy
c.
drug therapy
d.
psychotherapy
37. Nicotine replacement therapy
a.
is only available by prescription
b.
is more beneficial for women
c.
does not increase one’s likelihood of quitting
d.
should not be used by pregnant women
38. A smoker who quits smoking will have the same risk of coronary heart disease as that of a nonsmoker
in
a.
1 year
b.
5 years
c.
10 years
d.
15 years
39. Another term for environmental tobacco smoke
a.
primary smoke
b.
secondhand smoke
c.
mainstream smoke
d.
sidestream smoke
40. Mainstream smoke is smoke that:
a.
a nonsmoker inhales while around smokers
b.
permeates the air at a consistent level
c.
smokers directly inhale
d.
is emitted by a burning cigarette in an ashtray
41. Sidestream smoke has ____ times the maximum amount of carbon monoxide set for air pollution in
industry.
a.
2
b.
5
c.
10
d.
20
42. The smoke that is produced as a cigarette burns is known as:
a.
primary smoke
b.
overflow smoke
c.
mainstream smoke
d.
sidestream smoke
43. Which type of smoke is the most harmful, because its small particles reach deeper into the lungs?
a.
primary smoke
b.
overflow smoke
c.
mainstream smoke
d.
sidestream smoke
44. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, signed into law in 2009, allows the FDA
to:
a.
regulate cigarettes but not other forms of tobacco
b.
force tobacco companies to pay damages to former smokers
c.
conduct research on the dangers of smoking
d.
forbid tobacco advertising aimed at children
45. Thirdhand smoke:
a.
has no impact on a person’s health
b.
is the nicotine residue left behind on walls and carpeting
c.
stops being a concern once the smoking has stopped
d.
is a byproduct of nicotine replacement therapies
COMPLETION
1. About one in _____________________ Americans smoke.
2. Genes may account for about ____________________ percent of smoking behavior.
3. Nine out of ten regular smokers find smoking ____________________.
4. Quitting smoking typically leads to a weight gain of ____________________ to
____________________ pounds.
5. ____________________ average less than one cigarette per day and smoke mainly in the company of
others.
6. Smoking reduces blood flow to the penis, which can cause ______________________.
7. Women who smoke may develop a bone-weakening condition called ____________________.
8. Lung cancer claims more women’s lives than ____________________ cancer.
9. ____________________ is an herb than can be smoked or chewed and directly affects the brain.
10. Tobacco smoke contains approximately ____________________ compounds.
11. ____________________ is a colorless, oily compound that is poisonous in concentrated amounts.
12. Inhaling shallow puffs of a cigarette appears to increase ____________________.
13. On average, smokers are ____________________ times more likely to have a heart attack.
ANS:
14. ____________________ come in flavors like grape, strawberry, and orange.
15. Smokeless or chewing tobacco is sometimes called ____________________.
16. ____________________ tobacco consists of tobacco leaves mixed with flavoring agents.
17. Smokeless tobacco can cause ____________________ cancers.
18. More than ____________________ percent of former smokers quit on their own.
19. Nicotine is released transdermally by nicotine ____________________.
20. ____________________ smoke is judged to be the most dangerous form of indoor air pollution.
MATCHING
Match the items below to the most appropriate description.
a.
nicotine patch
f.
aversion therapy
b.
nicotine
g.
sidestream smoke
c.
COPD
h.
Zyban
d.
tar
i.
carbon monoxide
e.
mainstream smoke
j.
acetylcholine
1. carcinogenic
2. causes feelings of alertness
3. deadly gas
4. includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis
5. administers a negative stimulus when someone smokes
6. transdermal delivery
7. poisonous in concentrated amounts
8. smoke emitted from a burning cigarette
9. smoke that a smoker inhales from a cigarette
10. used as an aid to nicotine replacement when individuals want to quit
ESSAY
1. Identify the reasons people start to smoke and continue to smoke.
2. Describe tobacco and its main components. Discuss how each major component affects health.
3. List the health effects of smoking cigarettes.
4. Describe four forms of tobacco other than traditional cigarettes. Discuss how each one affects the
body.
5. List three methods for quitting smoking.