40. African American churches in the U.S. have played an important role as agents of social change in all of the
following ways EXCEPT:
a. they have experienced significant decline in recent years.
b. they have served as rallying places for protestors and community activists.
c. they helped freed slaves on the Underground Railroad.
d. Black Muslims have been a force for change by encouraging autonomous African American communities.
e. they have fostered the idea of an autonomous African American community.
41. Handsome Lake, a New York State Seneca Indian, did all of the following EXCEPT:
a. prescribe new moral principles and rules of behavior.
b. receive a vision to stop drinking and start a revitalizing religion.
c. free the Seneca Indians from government reservations.
d. urge the adoption of European agricultural practices.
e. lead a revitalization movement in New York State.
42. All of the following are types of revitalization movements EXCEPT:
a. separatist Christian churches of southern Africa.
b. nativistic movements among Native Americans.
c. cargo cults in Melanesia.
d. ecclesiastical religions in the southern U.S.
e. mahdist movements in the Muslim world.
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
43. Which statement concerning religious fundamentalism is FALSE?
a. It has been on the rise in the U.S. for a long time.
b. It only exists in Islamic countries.
c. It has grown much more rapidly in the U.S. in recent decades than traditional Protestant denominations.
d. It plays an increasingly important role in the politics of the United States.
e. It is a phenomenon that is not associated with globalization.
44. In 2012, demonstrators in many Islamic cities protested against a U.S.-produced video that insulted the prophet
Mohammed. What actions did President Obama take in response?
a. He publicly stated that he personally disapproved of the film and it did not represent the majority of
Americans.
b. He apologized for the film and began to carry out legal sanctions to prevent the distribution of such films in the
future.
c. He banned the film and carried out legal actions to prevent it from being shown in the U.S.
d. He set up a mediation session in the White House so that the filmmakers and demonstrators could discuss the
problem.
e. He sent a presidential delegation to the areas of conflict to try to settle the differences.
45. The trend merging traditional religious principles with the workings of the government is known as:
a. religious conservatism.
b. religious politicism.
c. religious nationalism.
d. fundamentalism.
e. religious science.
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
46. Which of the following statements about religion and technology is NOT true?
a. There are currently dating and other social websites tied to religion.
b. The Internet has changed today’s ability to influence masses of people through religion.
c. Jerry Falwell and Oral Roberts were two of the more popular televangelists.
d. Televangelism was particularly successful with those who were well-educated and did not attend church.
e. In the 1970s, televangelism began in the U.S. and spread widely for a time.
47. The Plains Indian vision quest is best classified as a(n):
a. ecclesiastical cult.
b. individualistic cult.
c. shamanistic cult.
d. civil religion.
e. secular religion.
48. The most basic type of religious organization is the:
a. ecclesiastical cult.
b. religious cult.
c. individualistic cult.
d. vision quest.
e. millenarian cult.
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
49. Why is religion itself so difficult to define?
a. It does not actually exist, so there is nothing tangible to study.
b. It cannot be approached through a scientific point of view and is not a subject for scientists.
c. It is so varied that there is no way to fully understand another religion.
d. It is embedded in the total social structure and difficult to distinguish.
e. So much of religion occurs within the individual that it cannot be studied as a single phenomenon.
50. Revitalization movements in the Muslim world are called:
a. Islamicist movements.
b. mahdist movements.
c. millenarian movements.
d. nativistic movements.
e. coven movements.
51. All forms of religion are alike in that they are founded on a belief in the supernatural.
a. True
b. False
52. Today there is increasing cross-fertilization among religions.
a. True
b. False
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
53. Both religion and magic are systems of supernatural belief and are not susceptible to scientific verification.
a. True
b. False
54. Magic is practiced in response to specific and immediate problems, not at regular times and places.
a. True
b. False
55. Contemporary witches are Satanists.
a. True
b. False
56. Witchcraft and sorcery are only found in small-scale non-Western societies.
a. True
b. False
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
57. Religion can reduce stress and frustrations that often lead to social conflict.
a. True
b. False
58. Religion prevents people from expressing their common identity in ways that would create powerful social bonds.
a. True
b. False
59. Ritesofpassageareimportantpublicritualsthatmarkachangeinaperson’ssocialposition.
a. True
b. False
60. Ecclesiastical cults are found in all types of societies, from small-scale to state, and have both part-time and full-time
professional clergy.
a. True
b. False
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
61. Ancestor cults are a type of rite of solidarity.
a. True
b. False
62. The largest world religion in 2010 was Islam.
a. True
b. False
63. Today, more than 75 percent of the population in the U.S. practices religion.
a. True
b. False
64. The major center of gravity for the Catholic Church is recently shifting to the Middle East.
a. True
b. False
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
65. Europeans tend to be more religious than people in the United States.
a. True
b. False
66. Liberation theology emerged as a social justice movement associated with the Protestant church.
a. True
b. False
67. Religious nationalist movements are different from secular nationalist movements in that the religious movements do
not necessarily have goals and objectives with imposed time limits.
a. True
b. False
68. Fundamentalists draw the majority of their members from among their own religious tradition.
a. True
b. False
69. In the past 60 years, the United Methodist Church has lost 56 percent of its members in the U.S.
a. True
b. False
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
70. The United States has the highest rate of religious nationalism in the world.
a. True
b. False
71. What features do religion and magic share?
72. What are five differences between religion and magic?
73. What is the difference between witchcraft and sorcery?
74. Name each of the social functions of religion.
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
75. What four principal patterns of religious organizations were identified by Wallace?
76. What is a rite of passage?
77. How is the ancestor cult considered to be a type of rite of solidarity?
78. Distinguish between secular and religious nationalism.
79. Who is Handsome Lake and what effect did he have on the Seneca Nation?
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
80. What are two significant changes in the globalization of religions?
81. Whatisagoodwaytodefinereligionsothatitcanbeappliedacrosscultures?Whatdoes“supernatural”mean
when it is applied cross-culturally?
82. How does magic differ from religion? Might you find them practiced concurrently?
83. Wiccaisa“new”religion.DiscusshowWiccahasgrownandtheprocessthatithasundergoneinitsdevelopment
as an official religion. Give examples.
84. Explain the social and the psychological functions of religion.
85. WhatareWallace’sfourpatternsofreligiousorganizations?Howdothesimplestandmostcomplexorganizations
differ in the roles of religious practitioner?
Chapter14—BeliefSystems
86. ExplainwhatMarxmeantbytheexpression“religionistheopiateofthemasses.”
87. Religion in the U.S. has undergone much change over the past 150 years. Name and explain some general trends
that have occurred to religion in the U.S. over this time period.
88. Both the television and the Internet have had a great impact on religion today. Compare and contrast what you
believe to be the major similarities and differences between these two types of technological and social change.
89. Describe and explain the functions of revitalization movements. Give two examples.
90. What are some of the differences and the similarities between Christian and Islamic fundamentalism?
Chapter14—BeliefSystems