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1. The primary responsibility of the juvenile justice system is to:
a.
deal with minors who violate the criminal law.
b.
provide parenting classes to parents of juvenile offenders.
c.
let juveniles off easy.
d.
none of these choices.
2. When was the juvenile justice system established?
a.
25 years ago
b.
50 years ago
c.
75 years ago
d.
100 years ago
3. An underage minor who engages in antisocial activities that are defined as criminal behavior by the state’s
legal code are known as:
a.
status offenders
b.
juvenile delinquents
c.
convicts
d.
bad kids
4. In the 1800s, what types of facilities were created to teach juvenile offenders traditional values?
a.
Juvenile detention centers and jails
b.
Asylums and training schools
c.
both of these choices
d.
neither of these choices
5. A medieval English doctrine that sanctioned the right of the Crown to intervene in natural family relations
whenever a child’s welfare was threatened is known as:
a.
power to the parents.
b.
child savers.
c.
parens patriae.
d.
delinquents.
6. The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 established:
a.
the nation’s first independent juvenile court
b.
the death penalty for juveniles
c.
parental support groups
d.
none of these choices
7. The key provisions of the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 provided:
a.
a separate court for delinquent and neglected children
b.
separate institutions for adults and juveniles
c.
probation programs for juveniles
d.
all of these choices
8. Community treatment refers to efforts to provide ____________________ for juveniles in need.
a.
care
b.
protection
c.
treatment
d.
all of these
9. Every state maintains an independent juvenile system that is based on:
a.
a policy of treatment.
b.
rehabilitation.
c.
care for needy children.
d.
all of these choices.
10. What type of treatment facility restricts the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits,
and interior fence controls?
a.
institutional treatment facilities
b.
outpatient treatment facilities
c.
community treatment facilities
d.
none of these choices
11. Both the juvenile and adult systems deal with:
a.
excessive caseloads.
b.
institutional overcrowding.
c.
staff burnout.
d.
all of these choices.
12. Similarities between the adult and juvenile system include:
a.
the option to plea bargain.
b.
parental involvement.
c.
sealed records.
d.
all of these choices.
13. What is one difference between the juvenile and adult system?
a.
Police officers use discretion only with juveniles.
b.
Only adults receive their Miranda rights.
c.
Plea bargaining is used only with adults.
d.
Only juveniles can be arrested for status offenses.
14. According to the text, a juvenile who runs away from home is an example of what type of offender?
a.
status offender
b.
chronic offender
c.
criminal
d.
none of these choices
15. The primary form of community treatment used by the juvenile justice system is:
a.
incarceration.
b.
probation.
c.
house arrest.
d.
none of these choices.
16. Approximately how many juveniles are placed on formal probation each year in the United States?
a.
10,000
b.
100,000
c.
500,000
d.
1,000,000
17. Adult probation officers are different than juvenile probation officers in that:
a.
they are more focused on treatment.
b.
they maintain contact with the families.
c.
they provide specialized services.
d.
they emphasize more public safety and surveillance.
18. Why do some states incarcerate juveniles at a much higher rate than others?
a.
They have high rates of juvenile property crime and adult violent crime.
b.
They have higher adult custody rates.
c.
There is a cultural acceptance of punitive policies.
d.
All of these.
19. Probation and other forms of treatment for juvenile offenders emphasize:
a.
incarceration without treatment.
b.
treatment without incarceration.
c.
treatment and incarceration.
d.
none of these choices.
20. Juvenile probation:
a.
can only last a maximum of 1 year.
b.
is often ordered for an indefinite amount of time.
c.
can only last 6 months.
d.
can extend past the age of majority.
21. Programs conducted for the rehabilitation of youthful offenders within community-based and institutional
settings are known as:
a.
group homes.
b.
wilderness programs.
c.
residential programs.
d.
boot camps.
22. According to the text, programs that attempt to improve the self-confidence of youth are called:
a.
group homes.
b.
family group homes.
c.
boot camps.
d.
wilderness programs.
23. Nonsecure residences that provide counseling, education, job training, and family living are known as:
a.
group homes.
b.
wilderness programs.
c.
residential programs.
d.
boot camps.
24. Programs that allow youthful offenders to live at home while receiving services in the community are known
as:
a.
group homes.
b.
wilderness programs.
c.
nonresidential programs.
d.
boot camps.
25. Since 1999, the number of juvenile offenders in custody is:
a.
increasing.
b.
decreasing.
c.
staying the same.
d.
none of these choices.
26. The majority of incarcerated youths are charged with:
a.
person, property, or drug offenses.
b.
murder.
c.
truancy.
d.
none of these choices.
27. Females in juvenile institutions are:
a.
fewer than males.
b.
more likely to be incarcerated for status offenses.
c.
incarcerated for longer terms than males.
d.
all of these.
28. Residential programs for juveniles consist of:
a.
family group homes.
b.
boot camps.
c.
wilderness programs.
d.
all of these.
29. What is the juvenile equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system?
a.
aftercare
b.
boot camp
c.
probation
d.
wilderness program
30. What is the age where most states will transfer juveniles to adult court?
a.
13
b.
14
c.
15
d.
16
31. What is the most widely used transfer mechanism when sending juveniles to adult court?
a.
judicial waiver
b.
prosecutorial waiver
c.
statutorial exclusion
d.
public defender request
32. Which type of waiver to adult court automatically transfers perpetrators to adult court?
a.
judicial waiver
b.
prosecutorial waiver
c.
statutorial exclusion
d.
public defender request
33. What dispositions are available to juveniles who are transferred to adult court?
a.
Cases can be dismissed.
b.
Offenders can be placed on probation.
c.
Offenders can be placed in adult correctional facilities.
d.
All of these.
34. Which case decided that a juvenile who commits a nonhomicide crime cannot be sentenced to life in prison
without the possibility of parole?
a.
Graham v. Florida
b.
Furman v. Georgia
c.
Gregg v. Georgia
d.
Roper v. Simmons
Jessica is 15 years old. She is always fighting with her parents over her behavior and her choice of
friends. She is failing all her classes because she continually skips school. She has also run away from her
house three separate times. Her parents do not know what to do with her; they are unable to manage her
behavior, and she was recently brought into custody for stealing a car.
35. Which of the following of Jessica’s behavior is considered a status offense?
a.
truancy
b.
running away
c.
unmanageable
d.
all of these
36. Which of Jessica’s behaviors is considered a delinquent act?
a.
stealing a car
b.
skipping school
c.
running away
d.
talking back to her parents
37. Jessica was charged with motor vehicle theft. Her attorney informs her that there will be a trial. In juvenile
court this trial is known as a(an):
a.
adjudicatory hearing.
b.
detention hearing.
c.
dispositional hearing.
d.
intake hearing.
38. The juvenile court judge determines that Jessica is guilty of the offense she is charged with. The next step is
to determine what her sentence will be. This will take place at the:
a.
adjudicatory hearing.
b.
detention hearing.
c.
dispositional hearing.
d.
intake hearing.
39. Because this is Jessica’s first criminal offense, the judge decides to keep her in the community in her
parent’s home under the supervision of an officer of the court. Jessica has been sentenced to:
a.
parole.
b.
probation.
c.
a residential program.
d.
group home.
Edward is 16 years old. He was sentenced to a juvenile facility for possession of marijuana and for armed
robbery. He is a habitual offender who previously violated his probation and was thrown out of his
residential program.
40. Edward’s previous residential program was a nonsecure residence that provided counseling, education, job
training, and family living. He was living with the Scott family when he was rearrested for these new charges.
The Scott’s told him he could not return to their home. What type of residential program was Edward in?
a.
group home
b.
family group home
c.
boot camp
d.
wilderness program
41. The judge decides to sentence Edward to the juvenile facility and the average stay for most juveniles. Based
on the text, how long should Edward expect to reside in the residential facility?
a.
1 to 2 months
b.
3 to 4 months
c.
1 to 2 years
d.
3 to 5 years
42. After he completes his time in the residential facility, Edward is supervised so that he can make an
adjustment to community living. This supervision is known as:
a.
aftercare.
b.
boot camp.
c.
probation.
d.
wilderness program.
43. Shortly after his release from the residential facility, Edward is arrested for an armed robbery. This time, he
caused injury to his victim. Though he is still 16, the prosecutor believes that Edward poses a threat to the
community. Edward’s public defender believes he should still be under the jurisdiction of the juvenile courts. In
the state in which Edward resides, an armed robbery is automatically transferrable to the adult court. This type
of transfer is referred to as a(an):
a.
judicial waiver.
b.
prosecutorial waiver.
c.
statutorial exclusion.
d.
public defender request.
44. Edward is found guilty in adult court. The judge can sentence Edward to:
a.
probation.
b.
a fine.
c.
adult prison.
d.
all of these.
45. Police officers are only allowed to use discretion with adult offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
46. Only adults receive Miranda and other constitutional rights at time of arrest.
a.
True
b.
False
47. Juveniles and adults can be placed in pretrial facilities.
a.
True
b.
False
48. The juvenile and the adult court use proof beyond a reasonable doubt as the standard for evidence.
a.
True
b.
False
49. Plea bargaining may only be used with adult offenders.
a.
True
b.
False
50. The juvenile justice system was established more than 100 years ago to provide for the care of law-violating
youth.
a.
True
b.
False
51. Murder is an example of a status offense.
a.
True
b.
False
52. Treatment provided to juveniles in the public versus an institutional context is called community treatment.
a.
True
b.
False
53. Age determines the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, but age does not affect the jurisdiction of the adult
court.
a.
True
b.
False
54. According to the text, juvenile court proceedings are open to the public.
a.
True
b.
False
55. Determinate sentencing is a new form of sentencing structure in juvenile justice, and in some jurisdictions, it
is replacing the traditional form of indeterminate sentencing.
a.
True
b.
False
56. Blended sentencing is defined as the imposition of juvenile and/or adult correctional sanctions on serious and violent
juvenile offenders who have been adjudicated in juvenile court.
a.
True
b.
False
57. A comprehensive set of guidelines for juvenile offenders that was based on sentencing in relation to the
seriousness of the crime, rather than on the needs of the youth, was known as the Juvenile Fair Sentencing and
Reformation Act.
a.
True
b.
False
58. More juveniles are placed on probation each year than are sent to an institution.
a.
True
b.
False
59. The intent of boot camps is to improve youths’ self-confidence and sense of self-reliance.
a.
True
b.
False
60. Research shows that public opinion on community corrections for juveniles remains positive.
a.
True
b.
False
61. Minority youths accused of delinquent acts are less likely than white youths to be diverted from the court
system into informal sanctions.
a.
True
b.
False
62. Juveniles in aftercare programs are supervised by judges whose job is to maintain contact with the juvenile, make sure
that a corrections plan is followed, and show interest and caring.
a.
True
b.
False
63. Most states have extended the same legal rights enjoyed by adults at parole revocation hearings to juveniles who are in
danger of losing their aftercare privileges.
a.
True
b.
False
64. Aftercare is not important in the juvenile justice process because most juveniles age out of custody.
a.
True
b.
False
65. Because of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the community, state legislatures have
passed laws permitting juveniles to be transferred or waived to adult court, where they can be tried and punished as adults.
a.
True
b.
False
66. Many states permit waiver to the adult court if the juvenile previously has been adjudicated as a delinquent or has a
prior criminal conviction.
a.
True
b.
False
67. The three major mechanisms used to waive juveniles are judicial waiver, prosecutorial waiver, and statutorial
exclusion
a.
True
b.
False
68. West Virginia leads the nation with juveniles serving life sentences without the possibility of parole.
a.
True
b.
False
69. North Carolina was one of the first states to develop Youthful Offender Camps for 16- to 18-year-old males.
a.
True
b.
False
70. The U.S. Supreme Court, in the case of Roper v. Simmons, put an end to the practice of the death penalty for juveniles
in the United States.
a.
True
b.
False
71. Juvenile records are generally ____________________ when the age of majority is reached.
72. Youth who are incorrigible, truants, and runaways are called ____________________.
73. Instead of being arrested, juveniles are taken into ____________________.
74. The concept of ______________________is the intervention in the lives of families and children in order to
protect their general welfare.
75. In _______________________, the Supreme Court granted juveniles due process rights, including an
attorney.
76. In juvenile proceedings, the sentencing hearing is referred to as a(an) ____________________.
77. __________________is the primary form of community treatment.
78. Programs for youthful offenders that usually do not confine them overnight are called
____________________.
79. ____________________ combine the elements of foster care and group home placements.
80. The primary goal of placing juveniles in institutions is to help them reenter the ____________________
successfully.
81. Group homes, family group homes, wilderness programs, and boot camps are all examples of
____________________.
82. In ____________________, the court held that the use of isolation, hand restraints, and tranquilizing drugs
violated many constitutional rights of juveniles.
83. The supervision of juveniles who are released from correctional institutions so that they can make an
optimal adjustment to community living is called ____________________.
84. Because of concern over violent juvenile offenders and the threat they pose to the community, state
legislatures have passed laws permitting juveniles to be ____________________to adult court.
85. A ___________________________is when the juvenile court makes the decision to transfer a juvenile to
the adult court.
86. Explain the history of the juvenile justice system.
87. Discuss the concept of Parens Patriae.
88. Compare and contrast the juvenile system and the adult system.
89. Explain the role of the juvenile probation officer.
90. Describe the significance of probation in relation to juveniles.
91. How do community treatment and institutional treatment differ for juveniles?
92. Explain the different types of residential community treatment programs.
93. Discuss what aftercare consists of in the juvenile justice system.
94. What are the conditions that allow a juvenile to transfer into the adult court system?
95. What are some of the issues of juvenile offenders placed in adult prisons?
