Chapter 14 People on the Move
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is one characteristic of research on migration in anthropology?
A) Fieldwork is frequently impossible.
B) Qualitative data is used most often.
C) Research requires taking into account global economic forces.
D) Informed consent and other ethical considerations are difficult to resolve.
2. Remittances are most closely associated with __________.
A) internally displaced persons
B) military personnel
C) institutional migrants
D) transnational migrants
3. In relationship to migration, the push–pull theory refers to __________.
A) motivations for migrating from rural to urban areas
B) reasons why illegal immigration occurs
C) the circular migration of workers between two places
D) the effect of war on refugee displacement
4. __________ is the country that receives the largest total amount of remittances.
A) India
B) Russia
C) Mexico
D) Brazil
5. An argument in anthropology and human rights policy about laborers who migrate to the Dominican Republic to
cut sugarcane concerns __________.
A) the extensive use of child labor
B) the degree of free will in the participation in cane-cutting in the Dominican Republic
C) the comparison between the situation in the Dominican Republic and the situation of migratory workers from
Mexico to the United States
D) whether or not social security should be paid to retired cane-cutters
6. The continent with the most internally displaced persons is __________.
A) North America
B) Europe
C) Asia
D) Africa
7. Asian women are the fastest-growing category of __________.
A) institutional migrants
B) labor migrants
C) political refugees
D) illegal immigrants
8. Typically, circular migrants are also __________.
A) chain migrants
B) refugees
C) illegal migrants
D) labor migrants
9. The construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China is associated with what migration pattern or concept?
A) transnational migration
B) anomie
C) development-induced displacement
D) right of return
10. Anthropological research shows that refugees have an easier time adapting to their new location when
__________.
A) the “pioneer refugee” is the male head of household
B) they have spent extended time in relocation camps
C) the culture of their destination area resembles the one they left
D) they are relocated to a warm climate
11. An example of an institutional migrant is a __________.
A) seasonal agricultural worker
B) person displaced due to state action
C) resident in a home for the aged
D) bracero
12. Research among schoolgirls in Madagascar found that the spirit possession suffered by girls was associated with
__________.
A) internal displacement
B) anomie
C) resilience
D) a lifeboat mentality
13. Most Maya people live in __________.
A) Mexico and Guatemala
B) Guatemala and El Salvador
C) Guatemala and Honduras
D) Honduras and El Salvador
14. In Beatriz Manz’s case study of a Maya group who relocated to the jungle to start a new life, the major threat
they experienced in the new location was from __________.
A) political violence
B) lack of clean water
C) lack of electricity and communications
D) lack of schools and teachers
15. One key characteristic of the “new immigration” is __________.
A) localization
B) feminization
C) deceleration
D) specialization
16. __________ is the process used by immigrants, such as the Dominicans in New York City, to help bring in and
settle relatives and friends.
A) Localization
B) Chain migration
C) Circular migration
D) Right of return
17. Among the new immigrant groups in Canada, the largest number comes from __________.
A) India
B) Mexico
C) Vietnam
D) Hong Kong
18. The study of Salvadoran immigrants on Long Island demonstrates that __________.
A) such refugees tend to stay on welfare for many years
B) employment in the informal sector is more lucrative than employment in the formal sector
C) many new immigrants take on low-wage work that other Americans are unwilling to do
D) like many East Asian immigrants, these people are “an economic success story”
19. Which of the following types of businesses is an economic niche that is associated with South Asian immigrants
to the United States?
A) fine dining restaurants
B) budget hotels
C) home repair
D) electronics manufacturing
20. What event prompted the emigration of the “boat people” from Vietnam in the late 1970s?
A) the United States–Vietnam War
B) the Vietnam–China conflict
C) food shortages due to floods
D) food shortages due to collectivization
21. Which of the following migration patterns is described in the text as the result of the breakup of the Soviet
Union?
A) widespread displacement as populations seek refuge from post-Soviet conditions in all neighboring regions
B) migration back to home countries by populations displaced within the former Soviet Union
C) increasing numbers of labor migrants from East and South Asia into the states that were previously within the
Soviet Union
D) immigration of Western Europeans into former Soviet states due to economic pressure
22. According to the “lifeboat mentality,” __________.
A) people in a group should all have equal entitlements to resources available
B) already established immigrants should take responsibility for helping more recent and needy immigrant groups of
the same race or ethnicity
C) the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduce resources available to those
already in the group
D) the government should provide welfare benefits for the unemployed and poor
23. Which of the following is true of the situation of Palestinian refugees?
A) Most are internally displaced within the borders of Israel
B) Israel’s estimates of the number of refugees are less than other estimates of the population.
C) Arab countries are encouraging migration of Jewish residents of Arab to Israel to create a balanced exchange.
D) Lebanon has extended citizenship to refugees in that country.
24. The work done by anthropologists in the Sahel region of Africa was directed at maintaining the viability of what
type of group?
A) internally displaced persons
B) refugees
C) pastoralists
D) foragers
25. What concept or aspect of migration policy is raised by the fact that the possibility of resettlement in New
Orleans is distributed unevenly among different populations?
A) right of return
B) lifeboat mentality
C) resilience
D) migration quotas
TRUE/FALSE
26. Cultural anthropologists who study migration tend to do multi-sited research.
27. Three categories of population movement are internal, international, and transnational migration.
28. Haitian braceros mainly go to Florida for wage work.
29. Among labor migrant workers, Asian men are the fastest-growing category.
30. Internally displaced persons are often forced to leave their communities because of development projects.
31. The more different a refugee’s place of origin and destination, the easier will be his or her process of adjustment
to the new location.
32. A characteristic of the “new immigration” is the increase in female migrants.
33. The term “lifeboat mentality” refers to an ethic of sharing with others during a time of emergency or scarcity.
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34. The United Nations has declared the “right of return” to be an inalienable human right.
35. In Lebanon, Palestinian refugees are able to become citizens, work, and own land.
ESSAY
36. Define internal, international, and transnational migration and identify one example of each.
37. Summarize the situation of the bracero system in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and describe the structurist
and human agency analyses of it.
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38. Define the concept of “structured choice” and describe an example of a context where it can be applied.
39. Define the category of refugee and discuss two of the findings or recommendations that have emerged from the
work of anthropologists with refugee populations.
40. Describe the experience of the K’iche’ Maya during the 1970s and 1980s.
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41. Compare two of the examples of new immigrants to the United States and Canada given in the text by
identifying one way their experiences have been different, and analyzing why that is the case.
42. Discuss two of the three general trends of “new immigration” in the twenty-first century.
43. Define the term “lifeboat mentality” and describe an example, real or hypothetical, of a government policy that
would be a product of it.
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44. Define the concept of “right of return” and summarize its history. Identify two situations where it is relevant.
45. Describe the work done by anthropologists to prevent crises and improve service delivery in the Sahel region.
Identify a term or category from this chapter that correctly applies to this context.