70. New devices designed specifically to protect property or to assist police will generate ________ behavior by
would-be lawbreakers.
a. resentful
b. hesitant
c. adaptive
d. gleeful
e. resistant
71. Which of the following statements about technology and crime is TRUE?
a. Lawbreakers do not have the capacity to invent their own devices.
b. Lawbreakers will shy away from crime because of the challenge of new technology.
c. Lawbreakers will adjust their own behavior and invent their own devices.
d. Lawbreakers will wait for new technology to be invented before they attempt a crime.
e. Technology always gives police the upper hand.
72. Police use technology in ______ would-be lawbreakers.
a. competition with
b. conjunction with
c. response to
d. anticipation of
e. resistance to
73. Which of the following statements about technology and society is TRUE?
a. Technology is moving so fast society is left no alternative but to trust science.
b. Society finds new technology baffling and disruptive.
c. Society presumes scientific advances lead to progress and are always beneficial.
d. Society mistrusts science and are wary of any claims to benefits.
74. In 2009 the National Academy of Sciences (2009) produced a report that:
a. supported the validity and accuracy of many forensic science methods used by police and prosecutors.
b. the police used new technology always in appropriate ways.
c. questioned the validity and accuracy of many forensic science methods used by police and prosecutors.
d. society was distrustful whenever the police used new technologies in their investigations.
75. Which of the following statements about technology and crime is FALSE?
a. The acquisition of technology has made drug traffickers less dangerous in battling their rivals and threatening
witnesses.
b. Technology has led to the illegal downloading of software, music, videos, and other copyrighted materials.
c. Cyber criminals use computers to steal information, resources, or funds.
d. Technology has led to the dissemination of child pornography.
e. Computers and other technologies also create opportunities to commit new kinds of crimes, such as cyber crime
and counterfeiting.
76. Which of the following statements about technology and crime is TRUE?
a. The acquisition of automatic weapons can make drug traffickers more dangerous in battling their rivals and
threatening witnesses.
b. Technology has led to the illegal downloading of software, music, videos, and other copyrighted materials.
c. Cyber criminals use computers to steal information, resources, or funds.
d. Technology has led to the dissemination of child pornography.
e. All of the above.
77. The FBI’s National Computer Crime Squad lists its responsibilities as covering all of the following EXCEPT:
a. intrusions of the public switched network (the telephone company).
b. major computer network intrusions.
c. threatening emails and cell phone calls.
d. network integrity violations.
e. privacy violations.
78. The FBI’s National Computer Crime Squad lists its responsibilities as covering all of the following EXCEPT:
a. pirated computer software.
b. major computer network intrusions.
c. industrial espionage.
d. network integrity violations.
e. telebank thefts.
79. “419 scams” offer large sums of money in exchange for payments from these targeted fraud victims and is named after
which country’s criminal code?
a. Italy
b. United States
c. Mexico
d. Russia
e. Nigeria
The police are on the search for a serial rapist. They have few leads, such as a description of the assailant, or other
information that would be helpful in identifying the rapist.
80. The police believe the rapist may have committed similar acts in other cities. The police would use ____ to help
determine if this was the case.
a. telephone calls
b. surveillance cameras
c. DNA databases
d. DNA
e. geographic information systems (GIS)
81. One of the victims scratched her assailant and as a result the police were able to secure skin and blood samples. The
police would use ____ to help determine if any matches existed.
a. telephone call logs
b. surveillance camera evidence
c. DNA databases
d. facial recognition software
e. credit card receipts
82. One of the victims scratched her assailant and as a result the police were able to secure skin and blood samples. The
police would hope to find a(n) ____ match to help identify a suspect.
a. clothing
b. Internet
c. computer hardware
d. DNA
e. pattern of behavior
Completion
83. Pepper spray and nightsticks are considered types of ___________________ weapons.
84. Crimes committed through the use of computers or the Internet are classified as ___________________.
85. Some casinos use __________________recognition technology to identify people known to be skilled cheaters.
86. The analysis of DNA allows people to be identified through their___________________ patterns.
87. The crime of ___________________occurs when criminals steal the social security numbers of others for personal
use.
88. Criminals who create fake currency and use it to purchase items are engaging in the crime of __________________.
89. __________________ fingerprints are those not taken directly from suspects by police, but rather are obtained from
evidence such as cups, glasses, weapons, and other surfaces.
90. The federal _______ ___ _____ ______ greatly expanded the number of offenders in the federal system who must
submit DNA samples.
91. Jurors may be unwilling to convict unless there is scientific evidence linking the suspect to the crime. This is known as
the ______________ effect.
92. Bullets fired from guns have unique markings on them known as _______________ fingerprints.
93. A backscatter X-ray machine makes passengers appear ______________ when going through security at airports.
94. ___________________________ information systems are used to identify the locations in which crime occurs.
95. Often called _______, these accessible databases permit crime victims to keep track of when specific offenders gain
release on parole.
96. The federal agency responsible for finding and seizing counterfeit drugs is the U.S. ______________________.
97. American cities increasingly use _________ _______at intersections to monitor and ticket people who run red lights.
98. The court case, _______ __ _______ ruled that law enforcement officials cannot examine a home with a thermal
imaging device unless they obtain a warrant.
99. The development of _____ ______weapons has undoubtedly saved officers from firing bullets in situations where they
previously would have.
100. _______ ______ _______is the computerization of court records, done to reduce reliance on paper documents.
101. A ________ ________ is located near the ceiling above the jury box. It is used to display demonstrative exhibits.
102. A _______ ________ ________ uses wireless headphones available for use by the hearing impaired, or for language
interpretation.
103. Jurors’ perceptions about _______ science and use of technology during trials may cause problems.
104. The ______ _______ is a belief that TV dramas revolving around forensic science raise jurors’ expectations about
the use of scientific evidence in criminal cases.
105. Correctional officers have recently begun using ______ in order to prevent them from getting involved in fights in
prisons.
106. There is an increased use of ______ monitoring to track the movement of criminal stalkers and domestic violence
perpetrators.
107. One aspect of technology that has created difficulties for correctional officials is the presence of smuggled ________
________.
108. The invention of the ______ _______ was seen as a modern method to produce an instantaneous and presumably
humane execution for criminals.
109. New devices designed specifically to protect property or to assist police will generate adaptive behavior by
would-be lawbreakers, a process described as ________ and ________.
110. Crimes committed through the use of computers or the Internet are classified as ___________________.
111. “419 scams” are named after a particular section of _______ criminal code.
112. Counterfeiting has been traditionally referred to the production of fake _______.
113. ______ ______ _____ permits law enforcement to map and track problem areas and more appropriately
allocate resources.
114. _______ allow police to use computers to upload, store, and immediately share information on offenders,
warrants, etc.
115. Computers in patrol vehicles have decreased total reliance on _______ to search for information
116. The development of _____ ______weapons has undoubtedly saved officers from firing bullets in situations where
they previously would have.
117. ______ is a weapon that sends an incapacitating electric jolt.
Subjective Short Answer
Ray Zeek has been incarcerated for 15 years for first-degree rape. He has been working with the Innocence Project in
order to prove that he is innocent. He feels sure that there is evidence which would implicate another man in this crime.
He feels that he has a great chance of being exonerated in the next year.
118. According to Zeek, there is evidence that could free him, which contains DNA. What, most likely, is this evidence?
a. hair fibers Zeek provided to the Innocence Project
b. bullet fragments
c. semen recovered by the police from the victim but previously undisclosed
d. photos
e. eyewitness
119. Zeek’s attorney has been successful in obtaining DNA testing on semen found at the scene of the crime. What
problem will Zeek now endure?
a. time
b. too few labs available to conduct testing
c. ethical considerations
d. declining strength of evidence
e. none of these
120. When the results of Zeek’s DNA test are returned, it proves his innocence. Furthermore, police were able to find
another man’s matching DNA from the:
a. DNAABC.
b. CODIS.
c. SAMES.
d. FBIDNA.
e. DNADIC.
121. According to District Attorney’s Office v. Osborne (2009), Zeek’s DNA testing request was not protected by the:
a. Constitution.
b. legal community.
c. Declaration of Independence.
d. inmate rights requirement.
e. discovery.
Two men of Middle Eastern descent were stopped by TSA agents. They were patted down and asked why they were
traveling with only one bag for an international flight. They replied that they were going home for summer break after
attending college in the United States and that everything they need was at home. The TSA agents informed the men they
would need to undergo additional security screening before they could board their plane.
122. The first thing the TSA agent required was that both patrons would need to go through:
a. plain X-rays.
b. backscatter X-rays.
c. lie detectors.
d. naked scanners.
e. red ion scanner.
123. Both men checked through without a detectable problem. TSA agents were still concerned, but could not do anything
else but:
a. arrest them.
b. develop probable cause.
c. keep them under surveillance.
d. interrogate them.
e. none of these.
124. What act protects federal law enforcement agencies to conduct searches in airports such as mentioned above?
a. Patriot Act
b. Freedom Act
c. Terrorist Act
d. Fundamental Act
e. Protection Act
Starla Bagley was chosen for jury duty and walked into the courtroom for the very first time today. She was overwhelmed
with the courtroom decorum. Technology imploded from every aspect. She wondered how she would keep up with her
limited computer skills.
125. Starla was impressed by the computerization of court records which were accessible to the judge and attorneys via
computers. This would be referred to as a(n):
a. paperless system.
b. technological advancement.
c. electronic file management.
d. paper in file motion management.
e. electronic motion detector.
126. Starla was even more impressed when the prosecutor ran a video his team had developed showing how the crime was
committed by the defendant. This is an example of:
a. a photo gallery.
b. a computer simulation.
c. a hands-free color video capture.
d. camera evidence.
e. real evidence.
127. During deliberations, the jury could not come to a verdict. One of the jurors stated over and over again that when she
watched Law and Order there was more evidence and she could not convict based on what was presented. This is known
as the:
a. CSI effect.
b. BFI effect.
c. DCI effect.
d. IDC effect.
e. FFE effect.
Essay
128. Your text discusses the homicide case of Christa Washington, a writer in Truro, Massachusetts. After her murder,
police in Truro requested DNA samples from everyone living in the area. This technique was criticized publicly by
experts in the field, who claimed that the collection of this many samples was inefficient and would not increase the
likelihood of finding the killer. Using your knowledge of the U.S. Constitution, does this practice violate the presumption
of innocence?
129. Your text discusses the advances in technology that help police to solve crimes. What implications does this new
technology have for police training?
130. DNA databases are expanding to include more different kinds of offenders from different jurisdictions (e.g., local,
state, federal). How does this increased data collection affect defendants’ rights according to the Constitution? Discuss
which constitutional amendments are the most likely rights to be infringed upon with mandatory reporting of DNA.
131. Prosecutors and defense attorneys can present recreations of crimes created from computer-generated imagery. These
recreations cannot be 100 percent accurate in their depiction of events, because each side interprets the evidence
differently. Does the use of this technology bias the jury toward one side or the other? Isn’t it up to the jury to interpret the
evidence to determine guilt or innocence?
132. The use of surveillance in battling terrorism is a controversial issue. How do you constitutionally protect citizens
from terrorists, and at the same time prevent destruction of their liberties?
133. The increased use of Tasers has recently received negative reviews based upon those individuals who have lost their
lives at the hands of the Tasers themselves. If you are a police chief, do you implement the use of Tasers or take your
chances with just lethal force? Why?
134. With many courts beginning to use electronic files, how do you ensure that records are maintained in the event of
computer devastation? How would you back up the necessary files? How do you maintain evidence in this method?
135. Why was the court case Kyllo v. United States (2001) significant to surveillance operations in regards to law
enforcement? How do we adequately balance the rights of citizens to that of protecting the community?
136. Should individuals who are eventually exonerated by DNA evidence receive monetary compensation for their time
spent in prison? If so, how do you measure in dollar amounts the proper restitution?
137. According to District Attorney’s Office v. Osborne (2009), inmates do not have constitutional rights to have available
DNA testing required. How does this ruling justify the possibility of innocent inmates? Should this case be overturned?
138. Describe how adaptation and belief in science can affect the use of technology.
139. What is meant by society presumption of progress when it comes to science and technology? Give
examples to bolster your points.
140. Identify the various aspects of cyber crime and counterfeiting.
141. Explain the similarities and differences between cyber crimes and counterfeiting.