Name:
Class:
Date:
Identify the following terms:
1. National Congress of British West Africa
ANSWER:
2. Kikuyu Central Association
ANSWER:
3. Kwame Nkrumah’s Convention People’s Party
POINTS:
4. Jomo Kenyatta’s Kenya African National Union (KANU)
POINTS:
5. the Mau Mau movement
POINTS:
6. uhuru
ANSWER:
POINTS:
7. African National Congress (ANC)
ANSWER:
8. Algeria and Ahmad Ben Bella
ANSWER:
9. Morocco and Sultan Muhammad V
ANSWER:
10. Organization of African Unity (OAU)
POINTS:
11. Pan-Africanism
POINTS:
Name:
Class:
Date:
12. neocolonialism
13. pan-Islamism
14. Patrice Lumumba
15. desertification of the Sahara
16. AIDS in Africa
17. Nelson Mandela
18. Julius Nyerere’s Arusha Declaration
19. the shamba
20. Kenya’s Daniel arap Moi
21. South Africa’s apartheid
22. F. W. de Klerk
23. South Africa’s Thabo Mbeki
Name:
Class:
Date:
POINTS:
1
24. Nigeria’s Christians and Muslims
ANSWER:
25. General Sani Abacha and Olusegun Obasanjo
ANSWER:
26. Sudan’s Muslims and Christians
ANSWER:
27. Tutsi and Hutu
28. Zaire/Democratic Republic of the Congo
POINTS:
1
29. the United Nations’ Millennium Declaration
POINTS:
1
30. African Economic Community and African Union
POINTS:
1
31. Wole Soyinka’s The Interpreters
ANSWER:
32. Liberia’s Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
ANSWER:
33. Nigeria’s Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
ANSWER:
34. oral storytelling
Name:
Class:
Date:
35. Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s Devil on the Cross
Answer not provided.
36. Ama Ata Aidoo
Answer not provided.
37. Buchi Emecheta Second Class Citizens
Answer not provided.
38. wabenzi
Answer not provided.
39. Jacob Zuma
Answer not provided.
40. Ken Saro-Wiwa
Answer not provided.
41. Bantustans
Answer not provided.
42. Sahel
Answer not provided.
43. All of the following were results of European colonialism in Africa except
a.
the spread of Islam.
b.
a native wage scale that was inferior to that of the Europeans.
c.
Africans were usually restricted to unskilled or semi-skilled jobs.
d.
little opportunity for the native population to obtain professional or managerial positions.
e.
a mixed heritage of imperialism.
p. 291
44. In regard to agricultural development in colonial Africa, it can be said that
a.
the European “Green Revolution” seeds saved millions of lives in the 1930s.
b.
most export profits were returned to local populations.
Name:
Class:
Date:
c.
most of the native rural population grew their crops solely for their own sustenance.
d.
modern industrial development was relevant to the crop production of most Africans.
e.
after 1963 opium was shipped from Africa to Afghanistan.
p. 291
45. In the Union of South Africa’s colonial era, voting was
a.
restricted to whites only.
b.
given to Black Africans if they had achieved a high school degree, which of course limited their numbers.
c.
usually only available to whites, except in Cape Colony where mixed race persons could also vote.
d.
given only to those of English descent, whereas those of Dutch descent were excluded after Britain’s victory in
the Boer War.
e.
based upon income and educational qualifications and did not discriminate on a racial basis.
p. 291
46. The Western colonial presence in Africa resulted in all of the following except
a.
a fully developed industrial sector throughout the entire continent.
b.
an improvement in sanitation and medical care.
c.
little improvement in living conditions for most Africans.
d.
a continued reliance on the export of raw materials.
e.
a limited introduction of Western political systems.
p. 292
47. The Western presence in Africa left a legacy that
a.
was entirely negative.
b.
disappeared immediately when the colonial powers withdrew.
c.
was overwhelmingly positive in its impact.
d.
mixed, with both positive and negative results.
e.
disappeared immediately when the colonial powers withdrew and was overwhelmingly positive in its impact.
p. 292
48. Political organizations demanding rights for Africans first began
a.
in the late nineteenth century.
b.
immediately before World War I.
c.
after World War I.
d.
only during the Great Depression.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
in the aftermath of World War II.
1
p. 292
49. Most political organizations demanding rights for Africans were
a.
led by rural peasants, inspired by Marxist ideas of the class struggle.
b.
committed to using violent means to achieve their goals.
c.
led by paternalistic Europeans who saw Africans as children to be led and guided.
d.
headed by Western-educated Africans who believed in non-violent change.
e.
fascist in ideology and organization, inspired by the successes of Hitler and Mussolini.
d
1
p. 292
50. Uhuru is a Swahili word meaning
a.
revolution.
b.
non-violence.
c.
communism.
d.
democracy.
e.
freedom.
1
p. 292
51. The sometimes violent Mau Mau movement was centered in
a.
French Algeria.
b.
Portugese Angola.
c.
Dutch South Africa.
d.
British Kenya.
e.
the Belgian Congo.
d
1
p. 292
52. The following are true of the ANC except
a.
it was originally led by Western-inclined intellectuals who had little popular support.
b.
it was initially aimed at achieving full equality for the educated native population through peaceful means.
c.
its policies met with cooperative reactions from the white majority who held power.
d.
in time, its policies became more prone to the use of violence to achieve its goals.
e.
its original goal was to achieve economic and political reforms “within the system.“
1
Name:
Class:
Date:
53. Early African nationalist activities included the
a.
creation of the Kikuyu Central Association in Kenya.
b.
founding of the Zanzibar People’s Collective by Mohandas Gandhi.
c.
establishment of the Assimilation Party by Sékou Touré in Ethiopia.
d.
creation of the ANC in South Africa by F.W. de Klerk.
e.
founding of the Ethiopian Freedom Party by David Mugabe.
1
p. 292
54. The French colony which experienced widespread violence in the 1950s and which achieved independence in 1962
was
a.
Morocco.
b.
French Guinea.
c.
Tunisia.
d.
Libya.
e.
Algeria.
1
p. 293
55. By the late 1960s, among the remaining European colonies in Africa were
a.
Libya and Tunisia.
b.
Zimbabwe and Uganda.
c.
Ethiopia and Eritrea.
d.
Mozambique and Angola.
e.
Tanzania and Nigeria.
d
1
p. 293
56. Independence came to Africa later than to Asia because
a.
colonialism was more entrenched in Africa inasmuch as the West had taken possession of that continent long
before it had established itself in Asia.
b.
Africans were more subservient to Western cultural influences than were Asians.
c.
Western military power was greater in Africa since it was closer to Europe than was Asia.
d.
Africans greatly benefited economically from Western rule and Asians did not.
e.
in Africa there were fewer coherent states with a sense of cultural and ethnic unity than in Asia.
1
p. 293
p. 292
Name:
Class:
Date:
57. Most African leaders
a.
accepted the Western model of political organization.
b.
opted for the Soviet model of political organization.
c.
adopted Maoist communism as a model for economic organization, given that, like China, most Africans were
peasant farmers.
d.
believed that Africa’s traditional culture must be abolished in favor of something more modern.
e.
came from the peasant class.
p. 293-294
58. One of the most critical issues facing independent Africa was
a.
that the continent had few, if any, significant economic resources.
b.
the countries’ boundaries had been artificially drawn by the colonial powers.
c.
the continent lacked sufficient population in order to either produce or consume manufactured goods.
d.
that the former colonial powers refused to offer any advice or assistance to the new states.
e.
the danger of military invasion as a consequence of Cold War rivalries.
1
p. 294
59. The organization established in Addis Ababa in 1963 to further continental unity was the
a.
African National Congress (ANC).
b.
People’s Party Convocation (PPC).
c.
African Economic Community (AEC).
d.
Organization of African Unity (OAU).
e.
African Community Congress (ACC).
d
p. 294
60. The Pan-African belief in a distinctive “African personality” included all except it
a.
was a defensive response rejecting views of Western racial superiority.
b.
assumes that there is a distinctive African personality.
c.
says that African blackness has a humanistic, emotional nature that is different from that of Western
materialism.
d.
is believed to provide a common sense of destiny for all black Africans.
e.
the belief that all persons of African heritage should return to their motherland.
p. 294
61. The pluralistic governments established in most African states at the time of independence
Name:
Class:
Date:
a.
led to the creation of successful democracies.
b.
all adopted a capitalist economy.
c.
moved in the direction of “African socialism.”
d.
gave way to military regimes and one-party governments.
e.
expelled all Europeans from their territories, establishing an Africa only for Africans.
d
1
p. 294
62. Neocolonialism is the
a.
continued Western domination primarily through economic means.
b.
use of military force by Western powers to control their African colonies.
c.
imperialistic expansion in Africa by African countries against their neighbors.
d.
widespread use of outsourcing to exploit labor forces in Sub-Saharan Africa.
e.
political domination of another country through manipulation of elections.
1
p. 294
63. Most newly independent African states
a.
were fortunate in having diverse economies.
b.
relied on the export of a single crop or natural resource.
c.
were able to build on the wide-spread industrial base left by the colonial powers.
d.
conserved their limited resources by severely limiting expenditures on military equipment.
e.
had fully self-sufficient economies and thus were not subject to fluctuating international trade demands.
b
1
p. 294
64. Forces that worked to undermine nationalism in Africa were all except
a.
pan-Islamism.
b.
pan-Africanism.
c.
neocolonialism.
d.
previously established colonial border.
e.
industrialization.
1
p. 293-295
65. African economic growth has been limited by all of the following except
a.
scarce resources were squandered upon military equipment.
b.
the necessity to import technology and manufactured goods from the West.
c.
the spread of AIDS.
Name:
Class:
Date:
d.
excessive water pollution by Africa’s successful industrial development.
e.
single crop or resource-dependent national economies.
p. 295-297
66. Urban growth in Africa struggles with many problems except
a.
restrictive zoning policies.
b.
massive squatter settlements.
c.
overwhelmed transportation system.
d.
poorly functioning sanitation systems.
e.
lack of reliable electricity and water.
p. 296
67. The AIDS virus
a.
is little threat to the peoples of Africa.
b.
is more of a problem in rural Africa than in the urban areas because of peasant ignorance.
c.
has infected at least 5% of the total population of sub-Saharan Africa.
d.
was a serious threat to African society in 1980s but was quickly brought under control.
e.
was early recognized as a major problem but Africa’s high birthrate will overcome any losses caused by AIDS.
p. 296
68. Environmental problems in Africa are those of
a.
a failure to recycle.
b.
smog and other industrial pollution.
c.
a rising water table caused by the Greenhouse Effect.
d.
drought and desertification.
e.
excessive use of pesticides and other chemical products in agricultural production.
p. 296
69. Wabenzi refers to
a.
a type of African socialism practiced in Tanzania.
b.
wealthy people in East Africa.
c.
Muslim village schools.
d.
a novel written by Wole Soyinka, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature.
e.
those Africans who have been to colleges or universities.
Name:
Class:
Date:
1
p. 296
70. The author of Tanzania’s Arusha Declaration of 1967 was
a.
Julius Nyerere.
b.
Nelson Mandela.
c.
Jomo Kenyatta.
d.
Idi Amin.
e.
Abdul Nasser.
1
p. 297
71. President Daniel arap Moi was replaced by
a.
Mwai Kibaki.
b.
Uhuru Kenyatta.
c.
Julius Nyerere.
d.
Jacob Zuma.
e.
Nelson Mandela.
1
p. 297
72. African socialism failed in Tanzania for all of the following reasons except
a.
resistance by conservative peasants.
b.
lack of economic aid from foreign countries.
c.
corruption.
d.
poor soil and lack of rainfall.
e.
political opposition in Zanzibar.
b
1
p. 297
73. Capitalism was successfully established in Kenya because
a.
there were no extremes of wealth dividing the social classes.
b.
of a lack of Europeans to disrupt the social system.
c.
there were extensive agricultural resources the lowlands.
d.
of the existence of a substantial middle class.
e.
investment capital was not concentrated just in Nairobi, the capital, but widely distributed throughout the
nation.
d
1
p. 297
Name:
Class:
Date:
74. Perhaps the greatest success story in Africa in recent decades as been in South Africa where in the 1990s
a.
the black minority achieved equal rights as the result of a successful revolution.
b.
the white majority granted economic equality to the nation’s black population.
c.
apartheid was abolished and non-whites achieved political and social equality.
d.
F. W. de Klerk was elected the nation’s first black prime minister.
e.
separate regions were set aside for the country’s black population.
p. 298-299
75. The two leaders who finally ended the apartheid regime without major bloodshed in South Africa were
a.
Francis Malan and Jomo Kenyatta.
b.
F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela.
c.
P.J. Surhoff and Thabo Mbeki.
d.
Sékou Touré and Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
e.
Milton Obote and Menachim Begin.
p. 298
76. The first president of post-apartheid South Africa was
a.
F. W. de Klerk.
b.
Nelson Mandela.
c.
Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
d.
Thabo Mbeki.
e.
Desmond Tutu.
p. 299
77. One of the wealthiest countries in Africa is
a.
South Africa because of its diamond mines.
b.
Kenya because of its coffee plantations.
c.
Egypt because of its tourist industry.
d.
Nigeria because of its oil reserves.
e.
Zambia because of its uranium deposits.
p. 299
78. In recent decades Nigeria has experienced all of the following except
a.
military rulers.
Name:
Class:
Date:
b.
tension between Christians and Muslims.
c.
struggles between pastoralists and farmers.
d.
wide-spread prosperity because of its great natural resources.
e.
considerable political and military violence.
p. 299-300
79. Recently, a violent conflict of holocaust dimensions between the minority Tutsis and the Hutu majority occurred in
a.
Zimbabwe and Zambia.
b.
Uganda and Ethiopia.
c.
Rwanda and Burundi.
d.
Nigeria and the Congo.
e.
South Africa and Angola.
p. 300
80. The Millennium Declaration seeks to
a.
reduce poverty and illiteracy worldwide by 2015.
b.
remove the last vestiges of neocolonialism from Africa.
c.
revive traditional African culture through education.
d.
rebuild Zaire after the collapse of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
e.
reunite the African National Congress.
p. 301
81. Education in pre-colonial Africa
a.
did not exist.
b.
was always a male preserve, both as teachers and as students.
c.
was only available in large cities.
d.
taught social values and customs through books printed on parchment.
e.
was usually in the hands of storytellers who imparted values and customs to their listeners.
p. 301
82. Because of the lack of funding and a lack of teachers, illiteracy in Africa’s population is about
a.
25 percent.
b.
40 percent.
c.
55 percent.
d.
70 percent.
Name:
Class:
Date:
e.
85 percent.
p. 302
83. In 2006, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
a.
became the first woman elected chief executive of a country on the African continent.
b.
was executed for violation of Shari’a law.
c.
gained international notoriety for exposing corruption in the United Nation.
d.
won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her book Devil on the Cross.
e.
relinquished power to Nelson Mandela ending Apartheid in South Africa.
p. 303
84. All of the following are correct about African women except
a.
during the colonial era, there were attempts to end forced marriage and clitoridectomy.
b.
they achieved full political, social, and economic equality after independence.
c.
women have made more progress in cities than in rural areas.
d.
monogamy is the norm in modern Africa.
e.
women total only about 20 percent of higher education students.
p. 302-303
85. Literature in Africa
a.
has had a long written language tradition.
b.
in written form only emerged after post-World War II independence.
c.
in substance and subject matter has never been critical of African society or African leaders.
d.
is the monopoly of males in what is still an overwhelmingly patriarchal society.
e.
is written both in European and vernacular languages.
p. 304
86. African culture has adapted to serve the tourist industry and the export market in the areas of
a.
pottery and steel fabrication in Axum.
b.
wood carving, painting, and sculpture.
c.
publication, tripling the Onitsha Market pamphlets for tourists since 1994.
d.
novels and poetry written in local languages.
e.
high grade steel manufacturing and export.
Name:
Class:
Date:
87. In African literature in recent years,
a.
Wole Soyinka received the Nobel Prize for literature.
b.
the topical thrust in novels turned from attacks on imperialists to the questioning of African leaders and the
exploration of personal problems.
c.
female novelists have been denied any chance to publish.
d.
African-Americans have re–crossed the Atlantic and have come to dominate African literary activity.
e.
Wole Soyinka received the Nobel Prize for literature, and the topical thrust in novels turned from attacks on
imperialists to the questioning of African leaders and the exploration of personal problems.
1
p. 305
88. In today’s African society
a.
African intellectuals have satisfactorily synthesized the issues posed by African negritude and Western
cultural influences.
b.
African intellectuals remain torn between the qualities and opportunities presented by Western civilization and
those of traditional African cultures.
c.
the East Asian model of subordinating the individual to the community has had no influence among African
politicians.
d.
the average African is mainly interested in obtaining a university education, symbolized by obtaining a new
Mercedes-Benz.
e.
it is obvious that all the problems and challenges associated with independence have either already been
solved or will be solved in the immediate future.
b
1
p. 306
89. After World War II, the Europeans assumed that colonial rule would continue in Africa indefinitely.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 291
90. Western colonialism in Africa left as a legacy not democracy but a modern industrial sector and extensive railroad
networks which spanned the entire continent.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 292
91. The evidence of the successful transition to pluralistic governments in many African countries is that since 1957 very
p. 304
Name:
Class:
Date:
few leaders have been overthrown with violence.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 294
92. In spite of great hope, African independence generally resulted in military regimes and one-party states.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 294
93. In recent years, the most successful example of an integrated and democratic state in Africa was the nation of South
Africa.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 298-299
94. African countries have mostly avoided disputes between Muslim and Christian sects because African tribal traditions
have a deep respect for different religions.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 299
95. Thabo Mbeki failed to gain support of white voters because his conservative economic policies reflected a desire to
support traditional farming methods.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 299
96. One of the failures of Western colonialism in Africa was the failure to establish any educational institutions anywhere
on the continent.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
Name:
Class:
Date:
97. Three-quarters of the inhabitants of Africa live outside major cities.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 302
98. In her books, the Ghanaian novelist Ama Ata Aidoo has argued that the fate of African women is tied to the survival
of Africa.
a.
True
b.
False
True
1
p. 303
99. Because of widespread political corruption and economic failure, African women have mainly benefited if they
remained in rural and tribally-run areas and away from urban locales.
a.
True
b.
False
False
1
p. 303
p. 302