Chapter 14 – The Urinary System
1. Bilirubin is a waste product in urine derived from:
a.
blood plasma
b.
nucleic acids
c.
creatine
d.
proteins
e.
hemoglobin
e
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.1 – List ten specific functions performed by the kidneys
2. The role of the hormone erythropoietin is to:
a.
stimulate red blood cell production
b.
increase urine volume
c.
increase frequency of urination
d.
draw sodium out of the plasma
e.
combat dehydration
a
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.1 – List ten specific functions performed by the kidneys
3. What blood vessels directly supply the kidneys?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
c
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.2 – Describe the anatomy of the urinary system
4. Urinary flow in men can be compromised by enlargement or growth of what gland?
a.
kidneys
b.
pancreas
c.
adrenals
d.
prostate
e.
spleen
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.2 – Describe the anatomy of the urinary system
5. How many nephrons are in each kidney?
Chapter 14 – The Urinary System
a.
about 10 million
b.
about 1 million
c.
about 100,000
d.
about 25,000
e.
about 250
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
6. The primary function of Bowman’s capsule is to:
a.
carry blood to the glomerulus
b.
collect the glomerular filtrate
c.
collect excess blood plasma
d.
establish an osmotic gradient
e.
reabsorb sodium
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
7. What are the two types of nephrons called?
a.
cortex and medulla
b.
proximal and distal
c.
looped and straight
d.
cortical and juxtamedullary
e.
collecting and tubule
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
8. On average, how many times do the kidneys filter the entire plasma volume each day?
a.
15
b.
30
c.
65
d.
100
e.
135
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.4 – Describe the three basic processes involved in the formation of
9. How much more permeable to water is the glomerular capillary wall compared to capillaries elsewhere in the body?
a.
100x
b.
50x
c.
20x
d.
10x
e.
2x
a
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
HUPH.SHER.16.14.2.1 – Describe the three layers that make up the glomerular membrane
10. What layer of the glomerular membrane consists of podocytes?
a.
inner layer of Bowman’s capsule
b.
outer layer of Bowman’s capsule
c.
inner loop of Henle
d.
outer loop of Henle
e.
the basement membrane
a
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
HUPH.SHER.16.14.2.1 – Describe the three layers that make up the glomerular membrane
11. Which of the following represents the highest pressure to the lowest?
a.
glomerular capillary osmotic pressure → plasma-colloid blood pressure → basement membrane capsule
hydrostatic pressure
b.
nephron capillary osmotic pressure → basement membrane blood pressure → glomerular capsule hydrostatic
pressure
c.
glomerular capillary osmotic pressure → plasma-colloid blood pressure → Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic
pressure
d.
nephron capillary blood pressure → basement membrane osmotic pressure → Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic
pressure
e.
glomerular capillary blood pressure → plasma-colloid osmotic pressure → Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic
pressure
e
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
filtration
12. The properties of the glomerular membrane are collectively referred to as the:
a.
glomerular properties
b.
filtration quotient
c.
filtration coefficient
d.
membrane coefficient
urine
Chapter 14 – The Urinary System
e.
membrane quotient
c
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
13. What are the two major control mechanisms that regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
a.
internal regulation and intrinsic parasympathetic control
b.
autoregulation and intrinsic sympathetic control
c.
internal regulation and extrinsic parasympathetic control
d.
autoregulation and extrinsic sympathetic control
e.
external regulation and extrinsic parasympathetic control
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
14. From what kind of cells are granular cells derived?
a.
striated muscle cells
b.
smooth muscle cells
c.
red blood cells
d.
white blood cells
e.
plasma cells
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
15. Each tuft of the glomerular capillaries is held together by:
a.
granular cells
b.
mesangial cells
c.
endothelium
d.
connective tissue
e.
plasma cells
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
glomerular filtration rate
16. What percentage of the blood each minute gets “cleaned” by the kidneys?
a.
20–25%
Chapter 14 – The Urinary System
b.
15%
c.
10–12%
d.
8%
e.
3-5%
a
14.2 Glomerular Filtration
glomerular filtration rate
17. What percentage of sugar (glucose) is absorbed in the tubules of the glomerular capillaries?
a.
50%
b.
75%
c.
89%
d.
98%
e.
100%
e
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
HUPH.SHER.16.14.3 – Describe the process of tubular reabsorption
18. To be reabsorbed by the tubules, how many distinct barriers must a substance cross?
a.
two
b.
three
c.
four
d.
five
e.
six
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
19. How is glucose reabsorbed in the tubules?
a.
via protein carriers
b.
via fatty acid carriers
c.
actively
d.
passively
e.
by ionic filtration
c
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
transepithelial transport
20. Sodium is reabsorbed throughout the tubule with the exception of the:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
c
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
HUPH.SHER.16.14.3.2 – Describe the process of sodium reabsorption in the kidneys
21. What is the main stimulus for secretion of the hormone aldosterone from the adrenal cortex?
a.
angiotensin I
b.
angiotensin II
c.
renin
d.
sodium ions
e.
chloride ions
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
22. How are glucose and amino acids reabsorbed in the proximal tubule?
a.
primary passive transport
b.
secondary passive transport
c.
primary active transport
d.
secondary active transport
e.
simple diffusion
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
23. What is the tubular maximum reabsorption rate for glucose?
a.
375 mg of glucose per minute
b.
300 mg of glucose per minute
c.
275 mg of glucose per minute
d.
200 mg of glucose per minute
e.
100 mg of glucose per minute
a
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
HUPH.SHER.16.14.3.4 – Explain how glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by sodium-
24. The passive reabsorption of urea is indirectly linked to the active reabsorption of:
a.
potassium
b.
chloride
c.
sodium
d.
glucose
e.
phosphorus
c
14.3 Tubular Reabsorption
25. The most prevalent ions secreted by the tubules are:
a.
sodium and chloride
b.
sodium and hydrogen
c.
sodium and potassium
d.
chloride and potassium
e.
hydrogen and potassium
e
14.4 Tubular Secretion
HUPH.SHER.16.14.4 – Describe the process of tubular secretion
26. What happens when the hydrogen ion concentration in the body fluids is too low?
a.
Oxygen absorption increases.
b.
Hydrogen absorption increases.
c.
Hydrogen absorption decreases.
d.
Hydrogen secretion increases.
e.
Hydrogen secretion decreases.
e
14.4 Tubular Secretion
27. Potassium secretion is linked to ____.
a.
sodium reabsorption
b.
sodium secretion
c.
chloride reabsorption
d.
chloride secretion
e.
glucose reabsorption
a
dependent secondary active transport
28. What does the liver do to foreign substances that facilitates their secretion?
a.
It binds them to iron.
b.
It converts them to anionic forms.
c.
It converts them to cationic forms.
d.
It attaches water molecules.
e.
It changes their molecular spin.
systems
29. How many important functions do the organic ion secretory systems perform?
a.
one
b.
two
c.
three
d.
four
e.
five
c
30. What is a perfect “substance X” for clinical determination of the GFR?
a.
creatinine
b.
creatine
c.
glucose
d.
insulin
e.
inulin
e
31. What percentage of the plasma entering the kidneys is filtered?
a.
5%
b.
10%
c.
15%
d.
20%
Chapter 14 – The Urinary System
e.
25%
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
32. The plasma clearance rate of what organic compound is used to measure renal plasma flow?
a.
hyaluronic acid
b.
para-aminohippuric acid
c.
hydroxyapatite
d.
sulfuric acid
e.
hydrogen sulfide
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
33. At normal fluid balance and solute concentration, the body fluids are:
a.
isotonic
b.
hypotonic
c.
hypertonic
d.
highly acidic
e.
highly alkaline
a
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
34. Which part of the Henle’s loop actively transports NaCl out of the tubular lumen into the surrounding interstitial fluid?
a.
long loop
b.
short loop
c.
ascending limb
d.
descending limb
e.
basement membrane
c
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
by countercurrent multiplication
35. The concentrating mechanism accomplished by the loop of Henle is known as:
a.
autoregulation
Chapter 14 – The Urinary System
b.
countercurrent multiplication
c.
secondary passive transport
d.
primary active transport
e.
distillation
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
by countercurrent multiplication
36. What is vasopressin also known as?
a.
angiotensin I
b.
angiotensin II
c.
renin
d.
antidiuretic hormone
e.
insulin
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
HUPH.SHER.16.14.5.4 – Describe the role of vasopressin in the reabsorption of water
37. What are the two types of diuresis?
a.
insulin diuresis and insulin diuresis
b.
sodium diuresis and potassium diuresis
c.
water diuresis and hydrostatic diuresis
d.
osmotic diuresis and hydrostatic diuresis
e.
osmotic diuresis and water diuresis
e
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
38. What percentage of the kidney tissue is needed to adequately maintain all the essential renal excretory and regulatory
functions?
a.
5%
b.
10%
c.
15%
d.
25%
e.
35%
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
HUPH.SHER.16.14.5.6 – Identify five causes of renal failure
39. Metabolic acidosis is caused by the inability of the kidneys to adequately secrete:
a.
sodium
b.
chloride
c.
potassium
d.
toxins
e.
hydrogen ions
e
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
HUPH.SHER.16.14.5.6 – Identify five causes of renal failure
40. What does micturition mean?
a.
The process of bladder emptying or urination
b.
The process of filtration through the glomerulus
c.
The acidification of urine
d.
The final filtration of urine
e.
A urinary bacterial infection
a
14.5 Urine Excretion and Plasma Clearance
41. One function of the kidney is to produce renin, an enzymatic hormone that triggers a chain reaction important in salt
conservation by the kidneys.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.1 – List ten specific functions performed by the kidneys
42. After urine is formed, it drains into a central collecting cavity, the renal pelvis, located at the medial inner core of each
kidney.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14.1 Kidneys: Functions, Anatomy, and Basic Processes
HUPH.SHER.16.14.1.2 – Describe the anatomy of the urinary system
43. The loop of Henle forms a sharp U-shaped or hairpin loop that surrounds the renal cortex.
a.
True
b.
False
False
44. Glomerular filtration is the first step in urine formation.
a.
True
b.
False
True
45. All plasma constituents filtered, secreted and reabsorbed remain in the tubules and pass into the renal pelvis to be
excreted as urine.
a.
True
b.
False
False
46. The glomerular capillary wall consists of two layers of smooth muscle cells.
a.
True
b.
False
False
47. Three physical forces are involved in glomerular filtration: glomerular capillary blood pressure, plasma-colloid
osmotic pressure, and Bowman’s capsule hydrostatic pressure.
a.
True
b.
False
True
48. The tubuloglomerular filtration mechanism involves the glomerular apparatus.
a.
True
b.
False
False