Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
True / False
1. Before insulin from recombinant DNA became available, diabetics were treated with insulin derived from cadavers.
a.
True
b.
False
False
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
2. Before clotting factors from recombinant DNA became available, more than half of hemophiliacs in the U.S. acquired
HIV from injection of clotting factors obtained from donated blood.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
3. Golden rice contains a transgene that allows for increased production of vitamin A.
a.
True
b.
False
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
4. Animal genes transferred into plant cells cannot be transcribed and translated into proteins.
a.
True
b.
False
False
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
5. Transgenic plants produced by biotechnology contain fewer introduced genes than altered plants obtained by traditional
breeding methods.
a.
True
b.
False
True
6. The USDA requires that food products from genetically modified organisms be clearly labeled as such.
a.
True
b.
False
False
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
7. A bone marrow transplant is an example of a stem cell therapy using adult stem cells.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14–3: Using Stem Cells to Treat Disease
8. Creating transgenic animal models for human disease research allows scientists to study new drugs and treatments in
animals such as mice, before giving these drugs to humans.
a.
True
b.
False
True
14–5: Transgenic Animals as Models of Human Diseases
9. The analysis of only one STR is needed to obtain a DNA profile that is statistically unique to a given individual.
a.
True
b.
False
False
14–6: DNA Profiles as Tools for Identification
10. STR alleles differ by the number of copies of a set of nucleotides, such as AGA.
a.
True
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
b.
False
True
Bloom’s: Remember
14–6: DNA Profiles as Tools for Identification
DNA profiles, and list some applications that use DNA profile technology.
11. DNA fingerprints, such as those first used by Alec Jeffries, reveal variations in _____ between different individuals.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
d
Bloom’s: Understand
14–1: The Origin of DNA Profiles
this technology is able to establish familial relationships.
12. Some strategies for protecting endangered species include the use of DNA profiling to identify illegally traded animal
parts and assisted reproduction techniques to help boost population numbers. These techniques are examples of _____.
a.
biotechnology
b.
gene pooling
c.
biosynthetics
d.
environmental forensics
e.
DNA cloning
a
Bloom’s: Apply
14–1: The Origin of DNA Profiles
societal applications of this field.
13. Before biopharming technology became available, human proteins used in treatment of diseases were _____.
a.
unavailable
b.
synthesized chemically
c.
free of contaminating factors
d.
harvested from slaughterhouses, donated human blood, or cadavers
e.
harvested from transgenic plants
d
Bloom’s: Remember
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
purifying therapeutic proteins directly from human or animal tissue.
Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
14. Individuals with Pompe disease are unable to metabolize _____, and are treated with a human enzyme produced by
_____.
a.
glycogen; transgenic hamster cells
b.
lactose; transgenic crops
c.
insulin; cloned rabbits
d.
cellulose; transgenic hamster cells
e.
fats; cloned hamster cells
Bloom’s: Remember
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
15. What is one advantage of using transgenic plant cells to produce human proteins for hormone replacement therapy?
a.
Transgenic plants produce lower protein yields than transgenic animals.
b.
Transgenic plants produce higher protein yields than transgenic animals.
c.
Plant cells are less expensive to grow than other cell types.
d.
Transgenic animals cannot produce human proteins.
e.
HIV is spread through proteins harvested from transgenic animals.
Bloom’s: Understand
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
proteins produced in transgenic animals, transgenic plants, and lab-grown cells.
16. Embryonic stem cells derived from blastocysts are pluripotent, and therefore useful in stem cell research because they
________.
a.
are viable under a wide range of laboratory conditions
b.
do not replicate and are therefore stable long-term
c.
can form all cells, tissues, and organs of the human body
d.
are specialized and therefore arrested in G0
e.
function to replace damaged or diseased body parts in adults
Bloom’s: Understand
14–3: Using Stem Cells to Treat Disease
cell, and list the functions and developmental potential (pluripotent vs. multipotent) of each.
17. In addition to the promise of disease therapies, the uses of stem cells in medical research include the study of how
_____.
a.
diseases develop and progress before phenotypes are visible
b.
Huntington Disease progresses in its latest stages
c.
to engineer animal models for human disease
d.
to harvest multipotent cells from human blastocysts
e.
to fertilize human eggs in vitro
Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
a
Bloom’s: Understand
14–3: Using Stem Cells to Treat Disease
cell, and list the functions and developmental potential (pluripotent vs. multipotent) of each.
18. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are produced by _____.
a.
transferring a vitamin A gene into rice plants
b.
reprogramming adult cells by transferring certain master control genes into the cells’ nuclei
c.
mutating certain genes in human blastocysts
d.
harvesting multipotent stem cells from umbilical cord blood
e.
harvesting enzymes from cadavers, and then using the enzymes to reprogram adult cells
b
Bloom’s: Understand
14–3: Using Stem Cells to Treat Disease
stem
19. Stem cells are _____.
a.
unspecialized
b.
specialized
c.
unable to divide
d.
always pluripotent
e.
only found in embryos
a
Bloom’s: Remember
14–3: Using Stem Cells to Treat Disease
cell, and list the functions and developmental potential (pluripotent vs. multipotent) of each.
20. Transgenic Bt crops have been genetically modified to _____.
a.
resist common herbicides
b.
have increased protein content
c.
produce an insecticide
d.
be tolerant of salt in the soil
e.
grow faster
c
Bloom’s: Remember
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
nutritional value.
21. Transgenic crops are planted in _____ countries, with the amount of land dedicated to such crops _____ every year.
a.
more than 50; remaining the same
Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
b.
more than 25; decreasing
c.
less than10; increasing
d.
more than 25; increasing
e.
just under 25; increasing
d
Bloom’s: Remember
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
nutritional value.
22. A transgenic crop is created by _____.
a.
artificial selection
b.
selective breeding
c.
transfer of a genetic trait from a different species into the plant’s cells
d.
culturing adult stem cells
e.
cutting DNA with restriction enzymes and separating the DNA fragments by size
Bloom’s: Remember
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
nutritional value.
23. What is one concern with the use of genetically-engineered, herbicide-tolerant crops?
a.
decreased yields
b.
potential allergic reactions
c.
transfer of herbicide resistance to weeds
d.
loss of genetic diversity
e.
expense of using herbicides
Bloom’s: Remember
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
nutritional value.
24. The mouse is a particularly useful model for studying human disease because _____.
a.
mice and humans are 100% genetically identical
b.
all mice are in essence, clones
c.
mice do not feel pain and discomfort
d.
mice and humans are the only species whose genomes have been sequenced
e.
approximately 90% of human disease-associated genes are present in the mouse genome
Bloom’s: Understand
25. To create a mouse model of the human disease Hemophilia A, in which a nonfunctional factor VIII protein results in a
blood clotting deficiency, _____.
a.
a cloned mutant FVIII gene is inserted into fertilized mouse eggs, which are then transferred to a foster mother
for gestation and birth
b.
a cloned normal FVIII gene is inserted into fertilized mouse eggs, which are then transferred to a foster mother
for gestation and birth
c.
mice with similar, naturally occurring, clotting deficiencies are cloned
d.
embryonic stem cells are harvested from mouse blastocysts, and grown in the lab to produce blood cells for
experimental research
e.
adult mice are infected with bacteria that contain a copy of a mutant human FVIII gene
a
Bloom’s: Apply
14–5: Transgenic Animals as Models of Human Diseases
HUHE.CUMM.16.14-5-2 – Using Huntington Disease as a model, explain how transgenic
mouse models of human disease are created.
26. In DNA profiles, the pattern of bands is _____.
a.
due to variations in restriction enzyme recognition sites in plasmid DNA
b.
identical in all individuals
c.
due to variations in STR alleles between individuals
d.
due to the presence of transgenes
e.
possible only when copious quantities of DNA are available
c
Bloom’s: Understand
14–6: DNA Profiles as Tools for Identification
summarize how these are used for human identification in both criminal and noncriminal
cases.
27. In the creation of a DNA profile, _____ are typically used.
a.
minisatellites
b.
short tandem repeats
c.
introns
d.
exons
e.
plasmids
b
Bloom’s: Remember
HUHE.CUMM.16.14-6-2 – Illustrate the process of creating STR DNA profiles, and
summarize how these are used for human identification in both criminal and noncriminal
14–5: Transgenic Animals as Models of Human Diseases
HUHE.CUMM.16.14-5-1 – List the applications and advantages of using mice as a research
model of human diseases.
28. What were the results of DNA profiling on the remains of the last czar of Russia (Czar Nicholas Romanov II) and his
family?
a.
The daughter, Anastasia, was not among the family members.
b.
Both the son and one of the daughters were missing from the remains.
c.
None of the remains were those of the czar or his family.
d.
The czar himself was not among those whose remains were found.
e.
The czar and all of his family were accounted for in the remains.
e
Bloom’s: Remember
14–6: DNA Profiles as Tools for Identification
cases.
29. In the attempt to identify the remains thought to be that of Czar Nicholas Romanov II and his family, _____ was used
to determine that the skeletons were not only related members of a family, but were also related to living Romanov
relatives.
a.
Y chromosome STR alleles
b.
blood typing
c.
facial reconstruction
d.
maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA
e.
paternally inherited mitochondrial DNA
d
Bloom’s: Remember
14–6: DNA Profiles as Tools for Identification
cases.
30. Opponents of the use of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture argue that the FDA should require the _____ of
food containing transgenic ingredients.
a.
labeling
b.
testing
c.
posting of safe handling guidelines
d.
cloning
e.
spreading
a
Bloom’s: Remember
14–7: Social and Ethical Questions About Biotechnology
the expansion of biotechnology.
cases.
31. The use of recombinant DNA technology to produce commercial products is known as ____________________.
14–1: The Origin of DNA Profiles
32. The first organisms used in recombinant DNA technology were ____________________.
14–1: The Origin of DNA Profiles
33. A(n) ____________________ organism is one that carries a gene that has been transferred to it from another species.
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
34. Because golden rice was developed to deal with problems of ____________________ deficiency, it is considered a(n)
____________________.
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
35. More than ____________________ percent of processed foods in supermarkets contain ingredients from transgenic
crops.
14–4: Genetically Modified Foods
36. The first commercial product made with recombinant DNA techniques was ____________________.
14–2: Biopharming: Making Human Proteins in Animals
37. Because embryonic stem cells can form any tissue in the human body, they are termed ____________________; adult
Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
stem cells, on the other hand, are ____________________, since they can only form a limited number of cells types.
38. Embryonic stem cells are harvested from the inner cell mass of an early stage embryo called a(n)
____________________.
39. The use of ____________________ or ____________________ for stem cell therapies offers alternatives to the
destruction of human embryos that occurs when embryonic stem cells are harvested.
40. A new treatment for burns involves using skin biopsies to generate ____________________, which are sprayed onto
the burned area and form a new layer of skin.
41. Transgenic animal disease models are engineered to display disease symptoms similar to those observed in
____________________.
42. To create a DNA profile from scarce quantities of DNA, such as a fossil or a single hair, the ____________________
technique is necessary to obtain enough DNA for analysis.
43. In a DNA profile analysis using two loci, the chance of a match between two unrelated individuals at one locus is 1 in
400, and 1 in 1000 at the second locus. Therefore, the overall probability that two unrelated individuals will match at both
loci is ____________________.
Bloom’s: Apply
implications of privacy concerns with the collection of DNA samples.
44. Ancestry can be traced by maternal lineage using ____________________, and by paternal lineage using
____________________.
mitochondrial DNA markers; Y chromosome DNA
Bloom’s: Understand
45. The ____________________ of STR alleles reveals how often they are observed in a population.
population frequency
Bloom’s: Understand
implications of privacy concerns with the collection of DNA samples.
46. The most common use of DNA evidence in civil legal proceedings is ____________________.
paternity testing
Bloom’s: Remember
47. In the U.S., the ____________________, a standardized set of thirteen STR alleles, is used to generate DNA profiles
for legal cases.
Chapter 14 – Biotechnology and Society
48. ____________________ could one day be used to screen an individual’s genome to reveal genetic predispositions to
diseases.
49. Rape (the plant from which canola oil is produced), sunflowers, and soybeans have been genetically modified to
enhance production of ____________________ fatty acids.
50. Since adult mouse models of Huntington disease (HD) contain a mutant HD allele, they show symptoms of cell death
in the ____________________ system.
51. Explain the advantages of using recombinant DNA technology to produce human proteins in transgenic plants,
animals, or cultured cells.
52. Why are transgenic animals engineered as models of human disease, rather than studying the disease in humans?
53. Summarize the scientific and ethical advantages and disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells versus adult stem
cells for stem cell therapies.
54. Explain why the use of iPS cells for stem cell therapies may be a desirable alternative to the use of either embryonic
stem cells or adult stem cells.
55. The federal government, as well as several state governments, collects DNA samples from all individuals arrested –
but not necessarily convicted – for serious crimes. Should this be allowed? Why or why not?
56. If the only solid evidence against a capital murder suspect in a trial were DNA profiles from hair taken from the crime
scene and the suspect’s DNA, what chance of an “accidental match” would be small enough for you to feel that the
suspect is guilty “beyond reasonable doubt?” Explain your reasoning.
57. Why is the term GMO a misnomer for transgenic organisms?
58. Summarize the concerns related to the use of transgenic crops.
59. Do you think the widespread availability of human gene products, such as recombinant growth hormone, will lead to
abuse in athletics? Why or why not?
60. Do you agree with the practice of engineering transgenic animals to be models of human disease? Why or why not?