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1. The watch system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and warring groups.
a.
True
b.
False
2. Community policing has its main emphasis on fighting crime.
a.
True
b.
False
3. Most juvenile officers have the same amount of discretion granted to them for both adults and juveniles.
a.
True
b.
False
4. Juveniles as young as 15 years old sufficiently understand their Miranda rights.
a.
True
b.
False
5. Curfews represent a form of problem-oriented policing.
a.
True
b.
False
6. Curfew laws are considered an example of pulling levers.
a.
True
b.
False
7. Problem-oriented policing is also referred to as problem-solving policing.
a.
True
b.
False
8. Operation Ceasefire is an initiative to make peace between rival gangs.
a.
True
b.
False
9. One method of contemporary delinquency prevention relies on aggressive patrolling targeted at specific patterns of
delinquency.
a.
True
b.
False
10. The pledge system assumed that neighbors would protect each other from thieves and warring groups.
a.
True
b.
False
11. Direct engagement with a community is a mainstay of the community policing model.
a.
True
b.
False
12. Regardless of the size of the police department, only those officers trained specifically to deal with juvenile offenders
will ever be involved in handling juvenile cases.
a.
True
b.
False
13. Officers who specialize in dealing with juvenile offenders are called juvenile officers.
a.
True
b.
False
14. Dealing with juvenile offenders creates role conflicts for many police departments.
a.
True
b.
False
15. Problem-oriented policing focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency.
a.
True
b.
False
16. The granting of discretion tends to bind the hands of law enforcement, compelling them to follow strict procedures.
a.
True
b.
False
17. Community norms would be an example of an environmental factor of discretion.
a.
True
b.
False
18. An evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender's problem or dispute was handled by the police is
called discretion.
a.
True
b.
False
19. Taking a person into custody is called an arrest.
a.
True
b.
False
20. Search and seizure is when the police have reasonable grounds to believe that an offense has been committed and that
the accused committed the crime.
a.
True
b.
False
21. The premise of the community policing model of crime prevention is that the police can carry out their duties more
effectively by ______.
a.
gaining the trust and assistance of concerned citizens
b.
making more arrests
c.
using more undercover sting operations for drugs
d.
getting tough on crime
22. Police reform efforts of the 1930s resulted in the creation of specialized police units, known as _____.
a.
child savers
b.
juvenile watch system
c.
delinquency control squads
d.
juvenile order system
23. A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on addressing the problems underlying incidents of juvenile delinquency
rather than the incidents themselves is called __________.
a.
strategic policing
b.
police–community relations
c.
tactical policing
d.
problem-oriented policing
24. The taking of a person into custody until he or she can be held accountable for the offense in court proceedings is
called ______.
a.
detention
b.
delay
c.
Arrest
d.
pickup
25. Reasonable ground to believe that an offense was committed and the accused committed that offense is called ______.
a.
reasonable suspicion
b.
probable cause
c.
reasonableness
d.
justifiable suspicion
26. The term in loco parentis is Latin for _______.
a.
with the permission of a family member
b.
the crime occurred in a certain location
c.
in place of the parent
d.
with the permission of the parent
27. The _____ Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizure.
a.
First
b.
Fourth
c.
Sixth
d.
Eighth
28. The use of personal decision making and choice in carrying out official duties in the criminal justice system is called
_______.
a.
decision making
b.
discretion
c.
flexibility
d.
unconstitutional
29. The _______ holds that police are likely to act paternally toward young girls and not arrest them.
a.
gentleman’s hypothesis
b.
ladies’ hypothesis
c.
chivalry hypothesis
d.
big brother hypothesis
30. ______ are defined as those adjudicated delinquent for crimes of homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and
kidnapping.
a.
Violent juvenile offenders
b.
Superpreditor delinquents
c.
Young adult offenders
d.
Transferred juveniles
31. A stop-and-frisk is an example of _____.
a.
aggressive law enforcement
b.
a warrantless search
c.
an illegal search
d.
police discretion
32. Police departments in Chicago and Los Angeles have at one time used ______, targeting gang areas and arresting
members for any law violations.
a.
community policing
b.
problem-oriented policing
c.
random patrol
d.
saturation patrol
33. Curfews represent a form of ______.
a.
problem-oriented policing
b.
community-based policing
c.
aggressive law enforcement
d.
problem solving
34. Boston’s Operation Ceasefire, in which every deterrent "lever" is applied, is an example of ______.
a.
community policing
b.
police–community relations
c.
pulling levers policing
d.
team policing
35. A systematic analysis and response to the problems or conditions underlying criminal incidents rather than the
incidents themselves is the definition of ______.
a.
community policing
b.
police community relations
c.
problem-oriented policing
d.
team policing
36. Modeled after DARE, ______ was developed to help reduce adolescent involvement in crime through teaching and
education of school children by police officers.
a.
GARE
b.
GREAT
c.
SROA
d.
GERT
37. An evaluation study of Boston’s Operation Ceasefire program found that the program ______.
a.
produced a significant reduction in youth homicides in Boston
b.
backfired and increased youth homicides in Boston
c.
had no effect on youth homicides
d.
reduced youth homicides but increased overall gang violence
38. ______ are defined as those conflicts that arise when law enforcement duties conflict with an officer's desire to
rehabilitate youthful offenders.
a.
Role conflicts
b.
Conflicts of duty
c.
Service conflicts
d.
Conflicts of conscience
39. A law enforcement philosophy that focuses on reducing fear, organizing the community, and maintaining order is
called __________.
a.
strategic policing
b.
police–community relations
c.
tactical policing
d.
community policing
40. An early English system in which neighbors protected each other from thieves and warring groups was known as
_____.
a.
the pledge system
b.
the watch system
c.
control system
d.
the neighborhood watch system
41. In Arizona v. Gant, the Supreme court placed limitations on ______.
a.
aggressive law enforcement
b.
warrantless search
c.
illegal search
d.
police searches of automobiles
42. Which of the following would not be considered a warrantless search?
a.
Stop-and-frisk
b.
Home entry
c.
Consent search
d.
Searches pursuant to a court order
43. In re Gault established that the constitutional privileges against _____ applied equally to adults as well as to juveniles.
a.
the denial of jury trial
b.
warrantless searches
c.
racial bias
d.
self-incrimination
44. A question posed by the police to a suspect in custody is a ______.
a.
consent interrogation
b.
violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights
c.
custodial statement
d.
custodial interrogation
45. Which statement is not true regarding a juvenile's decision to waive his or her Miranda rights?
a.
It does not require the presence of parents or lawyers.
b.
It is a violation of the defendant's Fifth Amendment rights.
c.
Its legality is determined by the totality of the circumstances.
d.
Its constitutionality was established in People v. Lara.
46. The use of personal decision making and choice as employed by law enforcement is the definition of ______.
a.
community policing
b.
biased justice
c.
a community-based policing service
d.
discretion
47. An officer's conforming to community standards when deciding on a course of action is an example of what type of
factor influencing discretion?
a.
Environmental
b.
Situational
c.
Community
d.
Police policy
48. A suspect's speech, demeanor, dress, and attitude are all aspects of which discretionary factor?
a.
Environmental
b.
Situational
c.
Community
d.
Police policy
49. The decreased incidence of females being arrested would suggest which discretionary factor at play?
a.
Racial bias
b.
The "dad" effect
c.
Gender bias
d.
The chivalry effect
50. The increased incidence of African Americans being arrested would suggest which discretionary factor at play?
a.
Racial bias
b.
The "dad" effect
c.
Gender bias
d.
The chivalry effect
51. An ______ is a person who has access to criminal networks and shares information with authorities in exchange for
money or special treatment under conditions of anonymity.
52. In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established that police may stop a suspect and search for evidence without a
warrant under certain circumstances.
53. In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court established a clearly defined procedure for custodial interrogation.
54. Juvenile officers operate either as _____ in a police department, or as part of the _____ of a police department.
55. _____ is essential in providing individualized justice.
56. Most courts have concluded that ______ need not be present for children to effectively waive their rights to remain
silent.
57. In _____, the U.S. Supreme Court held that constitutional privileges against self-incrimination apply in juvenile as
well as adult cases.
58. _____ that include targeting gang areas and arresting members for any law violation, have not proven to be effective
against gangs.
59. Regarding gender, police tend to be more lenient toward ______ than ______ committing acts of delinquency.
60. _____ is an evaluation of the fairness of the manner in which an offender’s or another group’s problem or dispute was
handled by police.
61. Implemented in Boston, ______ is one of the most successful examples of problem-oriented policing focusing on
reducing juvenile crime and violence.
62. The conflict police officers face that revolve around the requirement to do their duty as law enforcement officers and a
desire to aid in rehabilitating youthful offenders is called ___.
63. The system of paid watchmen patrolling at night to protect homes is called the ____ system.
64. A strategy that emphasizes reducing fear and organizing the community is called _____.
65. The decision by police not to arrest female suspects is called the ______.
66. The greater likelihood of African Americans being arrested for crimes as opposed to White suspects is an example of a
____ bias.
67. The requirement that police inform suspects of their constitutional rights is called the ____.
68. When police take into account a juvenile's appearance, speech, and demeanor, it is called a ____ factor.
69. When police conform to the community's norms in deciding on an arrest, it is called a(n) ____ factor.
70. Targeting gangs and arresting members for any law violation is referred to as a _____.
71. Discuss the history of juvenile policing in the early American colonies through the 1930s.
72. Advocates of community policing regard the approach as useful in juvenile justice for a number of reasons. Name the
reasons indicated in the text. Explain your view on community policing and delinquency.
73. What is an informant? Discuss role conflict in regard to using juveniles as informants. Do you agree or disagree with
the practice? Explain.
74. Discuss Arizona v. Gant (2009). What is the history of the case, what constitutional amendment is under scrutiny, and
how did the Court rule? Do you agree or disagree with the Courts holding? Explain.
75. Discuss the aspects (i.e., history, constitutional issues) of the Fare v. Michael C. and California v. Prysock cases. Do
you agree or disagree with the Court’s holdings? Explain.
76. Explain how environmental factors would influence a police officer’s use of discretion. Do you think environmental
factors are important in discretionary decision making? Why or why not?
77. Discuss gender bias in police treatment of male and female offenders. Provide an example.
78. Discuss police in schools, including an example of a school-based program with a school and police partnership.
Explain your view of police officers in schools.
79. What are the pros and cons of the police using different delinquency prevention strategies?
80. Discuss Operation Ceasefire, including the names of some of the agencies involved in this effort. Why do you think
this initiative was successful?
